Supplementary Table 1. Caregiver’s assessment of primary care experience of child and the associated risk of pneumonia and hospitalisation with pneumonia.
Variable (number not answered) / Children withpneumonia / Community Controls / All Pneumonia vs.
Community Controls / Hospitalised vs.
Non-hospitalised Pneumonia
Admitted to hospital / Discharged from ED
(n1=326)
n (%) / (n2=179)
n (%) / (n3=351)
n (%) / Forest Plot / (P-value†)
Odds ratio†
(95% CI*) / Forest Plot / (P-valueǂ)
Odds ratioǂ (95% CI*)
Primary care beliefs and health-seeking behaviour of caregiver(with reference to when child is unwell with a cough and fever)
Child has previously seen a complementary health provider
/ (P=0.15) / (P=0.96)
Yes / 57 (18) / 32 (18) / 56 (16) / 1.35 (0.89-2.05) / 1.02 (0.51-2.03)
No / 268 (82) / 147 (82) / 295 (84) / 1.00 / 1.00
Who the caregiver would take the child to see if they were unwell with cough and fever
Complementary health provider (18) / (P=0.28) / (P=0.003)
Yes / 7 (2) / 9 (5) / 27 (8) / 0.64 (0.28-1.45) / 0.08 (0.01-0.41)
No / 302 (98) / 169 (95) / 324 (92) / 1.00 / 1.00
Medical doctor (18) / (P=0.46) / (P=0.53)
Yes / 302 (98) / 175 (98) / 339 (97) / 1.52 (0.51-4.55) / 0.54 (0.08-3.70)
No / 7 (2) / 3 (2) / 12 (3) / 1.00 / 1.00
Medical doctor and a complementary health provider (18) / (P=0.63) / (P=0.40)
Yes / 20 (6) / 14 (8) / 35 (10) / 0.85 (0.46-1.61) / 0.61 (0.19-1.96)
No / 289 (94) / 164 (92) / 316 (90) / 1.00 / 1.00
Who the caregiver would take the child back to see if the child had seen their family GP on the prvious day and was still unwell
Back to the same doctor (7) / / (P=0.04) / (P=0.07)
Yes / 262 (82) / 161 (90) / 322 (92) / 0.52 (0.28-0.97) / 0.39 (0.14-1.07)
No / 59 (18) / 18 (10) / 27 (8) / 1.00 / 1.00
Back to different doctor (7) / (P=0.93) / (P=0.10)
Yes / 95 (30) / 70 (39) / 128 (37) / 1.02 (0.69-1.49) / 0.58 (0.30-1.12)
No / 226 (70) / 109 (61) / 221 (63) / 1.00 / 1.00
To an after-hours accident and medical practice (7) / (P=0.02) / (P=0.39)
Yes / 180 (56) / 117 (65) / 254 (73) / 0.65 (0.45-0.93) / 0.77 (0.42-1.41)
No / 141 (44) / 62 (35) / 95 (27) / 1.00 / 1.00
To a hospital emergency department (7) / (P=0.28) / (P=0.01)
Yes / 1.77 (55) / 120 (67) / 212 (61) / 1.22(0.85-1.72) / 0.60 (0.41-0.88)
No / 144 (45) / 59 (33) / 137 (39) / 1.00 / 1.00
To a complementary health professional (8) / (P=0.19) / (P=0.17)
Yes / 10 (3) / 8 (4) / 25 (7) / 0.58 (0.26-1.32) / 0.32 (0.07-1.61)
No / 310 (97) / 171 (96) / 324 (93) / 1.00 / 1.00
* 95% confidence interval
† Adjusted for season of enrolment, admission years, age, weight, gender, ethnicity, household crowding, mould & mildew in child’s bedroom, deprivation score, chest infections in patient and maternal pneumonia
ǂAdjusted for season of enrolment, admission years, age, weight, ethnicity, household crowding, household smoking, mould & mildew in child’s bedroom, deprivation score, chest infections in patient, sibling pneumonia and maternal pneumonia
N/A - not applicable
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