Supplementary material

Appendix I Summary statistics for eight microsatellite loci from the Azorean bat populations
Islands / Sampling sites / P217 / NN8’ / NN18 / P223 / P20 / P13 / MS2 / EM1 / All loci
Total / Mean
Faial / F1
Feteiras N=13 / A / 7 / 5 / 7 / 6 / 5 / 7 / 7 / 7 / 51 / 6.4
R / 6 / 5 / 6 / 5 / 4 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 44 / 5.5
S / 172-236 / 82-98 / 278-296 / 98-122 / 172-186 / 152-166 / 200-214 / 241-257
C(F) / 236 (0.42) / 98 (0.35) / 290 (0.35) / 98,114, 118 (0.27) / 180, 182 (0.38) / 156 (0.38) / 212 (0.50) / 241 (0.30)
HO / 0.769 / 0.692 / 0.923 / 0.692 / 0.615 / 0.917 / 0.769 / 1.000 / 0.797
HE / 0.782 / 0.803 / 0.797 / 0.818 / 0.732 / 0.819 / 0.720 / 0.837 / 0.789
P(F) / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 0
F2
Horta N=16 / A / 8 / 9 / 7 / 6 / 9 / 7 / 7 / 8 / 61 / 7.6
R / 7 / 7 / 6 / 5 / 7 / 6 / 6 / 7 / 50 / 6.3
S / 172-236 / 78-98 / 278-292 / 98-122 / 162-186 / 152-166 / 200-216 / 241-259
C(F) / 236 (0.31) / 90, 96 98 (0.19) / 290 (0.44) / 98 (0.34) / 182 (0.28) / 156 (0.31) / 212 (0.28) / 241 (0.28)
HO / 0.875 / 0.875 / 0.750 / 0.813 / 1.000 / 0.750 / 0.688 / 1.000 / 0.844
HE / 0.839 / 0.877 / 0.776 / 0.774 / 0.857 / 0.808 / 0.839 / 0.843 / 0.827
P(F) / - / 78 (0.03) / - / - / 164 (0.03) / - / - / - / 2
F3
Espalhafatos N=15 / A / 8 / 7 / 8 / 5 / 7 / 9 / 6 / 8 / 58 / 7.3
R / 6 / 6 / 7 / 5 / 6 / 6 / 5 / 7 / 48 / 6.1
S / 172-236 / 80-98 / 272-292 / 98-122 / 174-188 / 140-166 / 200-216 / 241-259
C(F) / 229 (0.27) / 90, 92 (0.27) / 290 (0.27) / 118 (0.37) / 182 (0.37) / 156 (0.43) / 212 (0.40) / 241, 247 (0.27)
HO / 0.933 / 0.800 / 0.867 / 0.800 / 0.867 / 0.800 / 0.667 / 1.000 / 0.842
HE / 0.844 / 0.823 / 0.871 / 0.759 / 0.798 / 0.772 / 0.800 / 0.844 / 0.814
P(F) / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 0
Faial
Island N=44 / A / 10 / 9 / 9 / 6 / 11 / 10 / 9 / 9 / 73 / 9.1
R / 9 / 8 / 9 / 6 / 10 / 9 / 9 / 9 / 68 / 8.5
S / 172-236 / 78-98 / 272-296 / 98-122 / 162-188 / 140-166 / 200-216 / 241-259
C(F) / 236 (0.32) / 98 (0.23) / 290 (0.35) / 118 (0.32) / 182 (0.34) / 156 (0.37) / 212 (0.39) / 241 0.28
HO / 0.864 / 0.795 / 0.841 / 0.773 / 0.841 / 0.814 / 0.705 / 1 / 0.829
HE / 0.831 / 0.842 / 0.813 / 0.781 / 0.795 / 0.793 / 0.780 / 0.839 / 0.809
P(F) / - / 78 (0.01) / - / - / 164 (0.01) / - / - / - / 2
Appendix I Summary statistics for eight microsatellite loci from the Azorean bat populations (cont.)
Islands / Sampling sites / P217 / NN8’ / NN18 / P223 / P20 / P13 / MS2 / EM1 / All loci
Pico / P1
São Roque N=15 / A / 8 / 7 / 9 / 5 / 8 / 9 / 7 / 7 / 60 / 7.5
R / 7 / 6 / 6 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 5 / 6 / 49 / 6.1
S / 172-236 / 82-98 / 272-296 / 98-122 / 176-188 / 140-166 / 198-214 / 241-259
C(F) / 229 (0.30) / 92 (0.30) / 290, 292 (0.27) / 118 (0.37) / 180 (0.27) / 156 (0.27) / 212 (0.40) / 241 (0.27)
HO / 0.867 / 0.933 / 0.800 / 0.733 / 0.800 / 0.733 / 0.800 / 0.867 / 0.817
HE / 0.860 / 0.837 / 0.821 / 0.747 / 0.846 / 0.876 / 0.736 / 0.839 / 0.820
P(F) / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 0
P2
Lajes N=22 / A / 9 / 8 / 10 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 8 / 7 / 66 / 8.3
R / 6 / 6 / 7 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 6 / 6 / 49 / 6.2
S / 172-236 / 80-102 / 274-296 / 98-126 / 176-194 / 140-166 / 200-216 / 241-259
C (F) / 236 (0.32) / 92 (0.23) / 278, 290 (0.23) / 98 (0.45) / 180 (0.45) / 156 (0.43) / 206 (0.39) / 241 (0.36)
HO / 0.818 / 0.864 / 0.864 / 0.727 / 0.864 / 0.714 / 0.909 / 0.773 / 0.817
HE / 0.812 / 0.852 / 0.868 / 0.726 / 0.746 / 0.801 / 0.794 / 0.789 / 0.799
P(F) / - / 102 (0.02) / - / - / 194 (0.02) / - / - / - / 2
P3
Mirateca N=13 / A / 5 / 8 / 7 / 5 / 7 / 6 / 8 / 7 / 53 / 6.6
R / 4 / 7 / 6 / 4 / 6 / 5 / 7 / 6 / 45 / 5.6
S / 196-236 / 80-98 / 278-296 / 98-122 / 162-188 / 152-166 / 198-216 / 241-259
C(F) / 229 (0.31) / 82 (0.27) / 290 (0.31) / 98 (0.38) / 180 (0.38) / 156 (0.31) / 212 (0.27) / 255 (0.31)
HO / 0.615 / 0.846 / 0.692 / 0.692 / 0.923 / 0.923 / 0.846 / 0.923 / 0.808
HE / 0.634 / 0.846 / 0.831 / 0.729 / 0.800 / 0.815 / 0.855 / 0.825 / 0.792
P(F) / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 0
Pico
Island N=50 / A / 9 / 9 / 11 / 7 / 10 / 9 / 9 / 7 / 71 / 8.9
R / 9 / 9 / 10 / 7 / 9 / 9 / 9 / 7 / 67 / 8.4
S / 172-236 / 80-102 / 272-296 / 98-126 / 162-194 / 140-166 / 198-216 / 241-259
C(F) / 229 (0.33) / 92 (0.24) / 290 (0.26) / 98 (0.40) / 180 (0.38) / 156 (0.35) / 212 (0.24) / 255 (0.20)
HO / 0.780 / 0.880 / 0.800 / 0.720 / 0.860 / 0.776 / 0.860 / 0.840 / 0.814
HE / 0.800 / 0.844 / 0.842 / 0.734 / 0.792 / 0.823 / 0.804 / 0.815 / 0.807
P(F) / - / 102 (0.01) / - / - / 194 (0.01) / - / 198 (0.02) / - / 3
Appendix I Summary statistics for eight microsatellite loci from the Azorean bat populations (cont.)
Islands / Sampling sites / P217 / NN8’ / NN18 / P223 / P20 / P13 / MS2 / EM1 / All loci
São Jorge / SJ1
Manadas N=29 / A / 8 / 7 / 9 / 6 / 7 / 7 / 7 / 8 / 59 / 7.4
R / 5 / 6 / 7 / 5 / 5 / 5 / 6 / 6 / 45 / 5.7
S / 172-236 / 80-98 / 274-296 / 98-126 / 162-188 / 152-166 / 200-216 / 241-259
C(F) / 236 (0.45) / 98 (0.26) / 290 (0.26) / 98 (0.38) / 180 (0.41) / 156 (0.39) / 206 (0.36) / 241 (0.29)
HO / 0.828 / 0.759 / 0.897 / 0.690 / 0.586 / 0.630 / 0.931 / 0.759 / 0.760
HE / 0.744 / 0.831 / 0.848 / 0.732 / 0.764 / 0.767 / 0.802 / 0.829 / 0.790
P(F) / 176 (0.02) / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 1
SJ2
Boa Hora N=19 / A / 7 / 8 / 10 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 6 / 8 / 57 / 7.1
R / 5 / 7 / 8 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 5 / 7 / 46 / 5.8
S / 172-236 / 80-98 / 272-296 / 98-122 / 176-186 / 144-166 / 200-214 / 241-261
C(F) / 236 (0.42) / 92 (0.26) / 290 (0.40) / 98 (0.63) / 180 (0.39) / 156 (0.31) / 212 (0.39) / 241, 247 (0.21)
HO / 0.684 / 0.947 / 0.842 / 0.579 / 0.895 / 0.833 / 0.737 / 0.684 / 0.808
HE / 0.727 / 0.862 / 0.821 / 0.595 / 0.762 / 0.825 / 0.771 / 0.727 / 0.761
P(F) / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 0
São Jorge
Island N=48 / A / 9 / 8 / 11 / 6 / 8 / 8 / 7 / 10 / 67 / 8.4
R / 8 / 8 / 10 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 7 / 9 / 63 / 7.9
S / 172-236 / 80-98 / 272-296 / 98-126 / 162-188 / 144-166 / 200-216 / 241-261
C(F) / 236 (0.44) / 98 (0.23) / 290 (0.31) / 98 (0.48) / 180 (0.41) / 156 (0.36) / 206,212 (0.28) / 241 (0.26)
HO / 0.771 / 0.833 / 0.875 / 0.646 / 0.708 / 0.711 / 0.854 / 0.833 / 0.779
HE / 0.741 / 0.837 / 0.843 / 0.696 / 0.762 / 0.781 / 0.806 / 0.845 / 0.789
P(F) / 176 (0.01) / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 1
Appendix I Summary statistics for eight microsatellite loci from the Azorean bat populations (cont.)
Islands / Sampling sites / P217 / NN8’ / NN18 / P223 / P20 / P13 / MS2 / EM1 / All loci
Terceira / T1
Sta Bárbara/
Cinco Ribeiras
N=8 / A / 6 / 5 / 7 / 5 / 4 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 45 / 5.6
R / 6 / 5 / 7 / 5 / 4 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 45 / 5.6
S / 172-257 / 80-98 / 278-296 / 98-122 / 180-188 / 140-166 / 200-214 / 241-261
C(F) / 236 (0.44) / 98 (0.38) / 278 (0.25) / 118 (0.38) / 180 (0.50) / 156 (0.50) / 210 (0.31) / 247 (0.44)
HO / 0.625 / 0.875 / 0.750 / 0.750 / 0.625 / 0.750 / 0.750 / 0.625 / 0.734
HE / 0.850 / 0.808 / 0.883 / 0.792 / 0.675 / 0.792 / 0.867 / 0.850 / 0.815
P(F) / 257 (0.06) / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 1
T2
Quatro Ribeiras N=30 / A / 9 / 8 / 10 / 7 / 9 / 8 / 7 / 9 / 67 / 8.4
R / 6 / 6 / 7 / 5 / 6 / 5 / 6 / 6 / 47 / 5.9
S / 172-240 / 80-98 / 272-296 / 98-126 / 174-190 / 140-166 / 200-216 / 241-261
C(F) / 236 (0.42) / 98 (0.33) / 290 (0.30) / 98 (0.40) / 180 (0.38) / 156 (0.47) / 206 (0.33) / 243 (0.25)
HO / 0.667 / 0.867 / 0.867 / 0.667 / 0.833 / 0.733 / 0.833 / 0.667 / 0.775
HE / 0.766 / 0.818 / 0.854 / 0.723 / 0.776 / 0.722 / 0.803 / 0.766 / 0.779
P(F) / 240 (0.02) / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 1 / T
Terceira Island N=39 / A / 10 / 9 / 10 / 7 / 9 / 9 / 7 / 9 / 70 / 8.8
R / 9 / 9 / 10 / 7 / 9 / 9 / 7 / 9 / 68 / 8.5
S / 172-257 / 80-98 / 272-296 / 98-126 / 174-188 / 140-166 / 200-216 / 241-261
C(F) / 236 (0.43) / 98 (0.33) / 290 (0.27) / 98 (0.37) / 180 (0.41) / 156 (0.49) / 206 (0.40) / 247 (0.23)
HO / 0.667 / 0.872 / 0.846 / 0.692 / 0.795 / 0.718 / 0.821 / 0.744 / 0.769
HE / 0.766 / 0.817 / 0.861 / 0.728 / 0.751 / 0.721 / 0.813 / 0.834 / 0.786
P(F) / 240, 257 (0.01) / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 2
Graciosa / G
Graciosa Island N=32 / A / 8 / 7 / 11 / 6 / 7 / 10 / 8 / 8 / 65 / 8.1
*R / 6 / 6 / 8 / 4 / 5 / 7 / 6 / 6 / 48 / 6
S / 172-236 / 80-98 / 272-296 / 98-122 / 176-190 / 140-166 / 200-216 / 241-259
C(F) / 236 (0.33) / 90 (0.27) / 278 (0.19) / 98 (0.41) / 184 (0.36) / 156 (0.23) / 212 (0.27) / 255 (0.34)
HO / 0.781 / 0.969 / 0.938 / 0.6875 / 0.656 / 0.875 / 0.844 / 0.750 / 0.813
HE / 0.801 / 0.831 / 0.893 / 0.69593 / 0.785 / 0.867 / 0.806 / 0.821 / 0.812
P(F) / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / 0
Appendix I Summary statistics for eight microsatellite loci from the Azorean bat populations (cont.)
Islands / Sampling sites / P217 / NN8’ / NN18 / P223 / P20 / P13 / MS2 / EM1 / All loci
Total / Mean
São Miguel / SM1
Ponta Delgada
N=23 / A / 8 / 6 / 7 / 7 / 11 / 9 / 7 / 8 / 63 / 7.9
R / 6 / 5 / 5 / 5 / 7 / 7 / 5 / 6 / 47 / 5.8
S / 218-273 / 80-94 / 272-292 / 98-126 / 168-192 / 144-166 / 204-220 / 241-259
C(F) / 225 (0.30) / 92 (0.35) / 290 (0.54) / 110 (0.33) / 182 (0.26) / 162 (0.34) / 206 (0.39) / 243 (0.24)
HO / 0.826 / 0.739 / 0.739 / 0.609 / 0.696 / 0.818 / 0.783 / 0.826 / 0.760
HE / 0.842 / 0.788 / 0.674 / 0.781 / 0.842 / 0.825 / 0.758 / 0.842 / 0.794
P(F) / 273 (0.02) / - / - / - / - / - / 218 (0.02) / - / 2
SM2
Furnas
N=19 / A / 6 / 5 / 9 / 7 / 9 / 7 / 7 / 9 / 59 / 7.4
R / 5 / 4 / 7 / 6 / 7 / 6 / 6 / 7 / 46 / 5.8
S / 218-236 / 82-98 / 272-296 / 102-126 / 168-186 / 142-166 / 204-216 / 241-261
C(F) / 222 (0.34) / 92 (0.55) / 290 (0.45) / 114 (0.39) / 182 (0.37) / 154 (0.29) / 206 (0.21) / 243 (0.24)
HO / 0.789 / 0.684 / 0.737 / 0.842 / 0.895 / 0.737 / 0.842 / 0.789 / 0.789
HE / 0.780 / 0.639 / 0.777 / 0.777 / 0.815 / 0.832 / 0.792 / 0.780 / 0.774
P(F) / - / - / - / 106 (0.05) / - / 142 (0.05) / - / - / 2
SM3 Ribeirinha N=22 / A / 8 / 9 / 9 / 5 / 9 / 7 / 8 / 10 / 65 / 8.1
R / 6 / 6 / 6 / 4 / 7 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 48 / 6.0
S / 200-269 / 80-98 / 272-294 / 98-122 / 170-192 / 144-166 / 204-220 / 241-261
C(F) / 222 (0.30) / 90 (0.30) / 290 (0.55) / 114 (0.39) / 182 (0.31) / 166 (0.31) / 210 (0.25) / 247 (0.18)
HO / 0.909 / 0.773 / 0.727 / 0.773 / 0.762 / 0.762 / 0.909 / 0.909 / 0.821
HE / 0.826 / 0.808 / 0.706 / 0.699 / 0.856 / 0.826 / 0.841 / 0.826 / 0.799
P(F) / - / 86 (0.02) / - / - / - / - / - / - / 1
São Miguel Island N=66 / A / 9 / 9 / 11 / 8 / 13 / 10 / 10 / 11 / 81 / 10.1
R / 8 / 7 / 9 / 7 / 11 / 9 / 9 / 10 / 71 / 8.8
S / 200-273 / 80-98 / 272-296 / 98-126 / 168-192 / 142-166 / 200-220 / 241-261
C(F) / 222 (0.27) / 92 (0.38) / 290 (0.51) / 114 (0.34) / 182 (0.30) / 162 (0.27) / 206 (0.25) / 243 (0.21)
HO / 0.818 / 0.738 / 0.738 / 0.742 / 0.769 / 0.778 / 0.846 / 0.877 / 0.788
HE / 0.816 / 0.760 / 0.708 / 0.756 / 0.842 / 0.825 / 0.815 / 0.853 / 0.797
P(F) / 218. 269 (0.02). 273 (0.01) / 86 (0.01) / - / 106 (0.02) / 168 (0.02). 170 (0.04). 192 (0.03) / 142. 150 (0.02) / 218 (0.01). 220 (0.02) / 253 (0.04) / 13
N Number of specimens genotyped; A number of alleles; R Allelic Richness per locus and population based on minimum sample size (32 individuals for islands and *8 individuals for colonies) calculated in FSTAT; S Allelic size range in bp; F Frequency of the allele; C size in bp of the most common allele; P size in bp of the unique allele in a population; HO observed heterozygosity; HE expected heterozygosity. P < 0.007. deviation from HWE using Arlequin 3.0. after a sequential Bonferroni correction in bold
Appendix II Estimated pairwise G’ST (below diagonal) and FST (above diagonal) values among sampling sites.
F1 / F2 / F3 / P1 / P2 / P3 / SJ1 / SJ2 / T1 / T2 / G / SM1 / SM2 / SM3
F1 / - / 0.006 / 0.000 / 0.004 / 0.014* / 0.019* / 0.002 / 0.019* / 0.000 / 0.015* / 0.026 / 0.062*** / 0.083*** / 0.060***
F2 / 0.035 / - / -0.003 / 0.015* / 0.009 / 0.010 / 0.004 / 0.022** / 0.021* / 0.009 / 0.012* / 0.044*** / 0.076*** / 0.045***
F3 / 0.005 / -0.011 / - / 0.004 / 0.007 / 0.005 / 0.005 / 0.021** / -0.004 / 0.007 / 0.003 / 0.052*** / 0.067*** / 0.050***
P1 / 0.024 / 0.086 / 0.027 / - / 0.009 / 0.005 / 0.010 / 0.031*** / 0.024* / 0.025*** / 0.012* / 0.056*** / 0.076*** / 0.067***
P2 / 0.065 / 0.051 / 0.037 / 0.051 / - / 0.016* / -0.003 / 0.025*** / 0.004 / 0.003 / 0.021*** / 0.073*** / 0.089*** / 0.079***
P3 / 0.091 / 0.057 / 0.029 / 0.025 / 0.079 / - / 0.006 / 0.032*** / 0.019 / 0.014* / 0.012* / 0.070*** / 0.097*** / 0.080***
SJ1 / 0.005 / 0.018 / 0.021 / 0.050 / -0.015 / 0.027 / - / 0.017** / -0.002 / 0.000 / 0.011* / 0.067*** / 0.095*** / 0.078***
SJ2 / 0.086 / 0.114 / 0.104 / 0.155 / 0.120 / 0.148 / 0.075 / - / 0.023* / 0.024*** / 0.028*** / 0.076*** / 0.090*** / 0.072***
T1 / -0.010 / 0.091 / -0.040 / 0.101 / -0.004 / 0.074 / -0.029 / 0.091 / - / -0.007 / 0.019* / 0.079*** / 0.084*** / 0.075***
T2 / 0.068 / 0.043 / 0.034 / 0.122 / 0.014 / 0.064 / 0.000 / 0.109 / -0.035 / - / 0.020*** / 0.068*** / 0.088*** / 0.072***
G / 0.131 / 0.064 / 0.017 / 0.066 / 0.108 / 0.063 / 0.058 / 0.139 / 0.092 / 0.096 / - / 0.066*** / 0.082*** / 0.065***
SM1 / 0.290 / 0.226 / 0.259 / 0.281 / 0.352 / 0.329 / 0.318 / 0.348 / 0.374 / 0.320 / 0.331 / - / 0.010 / 0.004
SM2 / 0.383 / 0.389 / 0.331 / 0.377 / 0.425 / 0.457 / 0.442 / 0.407 / 0.406 / 0.406 / 0.400 / 0.047 / - / 0.008
SM3 / 0.285 / 0.240 / 0.254 / 0.344 / 0.390 / 0.386 / 0.371 / 0.332 / 0.367 / 0.344 / 0.329 / 0.019 / 0.040 / -
In bold: significant FST values. after a sequential Bonferroni correction. ***P < 0.001. ** P < 0.01. * P < 0.05