Supplementary Figure 1 Percent distribution of the bacterial isolates displaying resistance against different antibiotics

Supplementary Figure 2 Isolates displaying resistance against number of the antibiotics

SupplementaryTable S1 Differentiation of the bacterial isolates based on the colony characteristics

Isolates / Shape / Margin / Elevation / Opacity / Texture / Pigmentation / Growth
KJ1-5-91 / Round / Entire / Raised / Opaque / Rough / White / Medium
KJ1-5-92 / Round / Entire / Slightly raised / Opaque / Smooth / Creamish White / Good
KJ1-5-93 / Irregular / Irregular / Flat / Semi-translucent / Rough / Brownish white / Good
KJ1-5-94 / Round / Entire / Raised / Opaque / Rough / Light orange / Medium
KJ1-5-95 / Round / Entire / Raised / Opaque / Rough / Dark orange / Good
KJ1-5-96 / Round / Entire / Raised / Opaque / Rough / Light orange / Good
KJ1-5-97 / Round / Entire / Raised / Opaque / Smooth / White / low
KJ1-5-98 / Round / Irregular / Slightly raised / Opaque / Rough / Creamish yellow / low
KJ1-5-982 / Round / Entire / Slightly raised / Opaque / Rough / Creamish white / Good
KJ1-5-99 / Round / Entire / Raised / Opaque / Smooth / White / low
KJ1-5-910 / Round / Entire / Slightly raised / Opaque / Rough / Creamish white / Good
KJ1-5-911 / Round / Entire / Raised / Opaque / Rough / Light orange / Good
KJ1-5-912 / Irregular / Irregular / Flat / Semi-translucent / Smooth / Brownish white / Good
KJ1-5-913 / Flower-shaped / Entire / Raised bubble / Opaque / Rough / Brownish red / Good
KJ1-5-914 / Irregular / Irregular / Slightly raised / Opaque / Rough / White / Good
KJ1-10-91 / Round / Entire / Raised / Opaque / Smooth / Light orange / Good
KJ1-10-92 / Round / Entire / Raised / Opaque / Smooth / Creamish White / Medium
KJ1-10-93 / Round / Irregular / Slightly raised / Opaque / Rough / Dull white / Good
KJ1-10-94 / Round / Irregular / Raised / Opaque / Smooth / Light yellow / Good
KJ1-10-95 / irregular / Entire / Flat / Opaque / Rough / Light yellow / Good
KJ1-10-96 / Round / Entire / Flat / Semi-translucent / Rough / Dull white / low
KJ1-10-97 / Round / Entire / convex / Opaque / Smooth / yellow / Good
KJ1-10-98 / Round / Entire / Raised / Opaque / Rough / Light yellow / low
KJ1-10-99 / Round / Irregular / Flat / Opaque / Rough / Dull white / Good
KJ-10-910 / Round / Entire / Slightly raised / Opaque / Rough / white / Good

Supplementary Table S2 Microscopic analysis of the haloalkaliphilic bacteria isolated from the desert soil of Little Rann of Kutch

Isolates / Shape / Size (µm) Length & Diameter / Arrangement / Gram reaction
Kj1-5-91 / Small cocci / 0.7 / Singly and in cluster / Positive
Kj1-5-92 / Cocci / 1.1 / Singly and in cluster / Positive
Kj1-5-93 / Long rods / 2.88, 0.65 / Long Rods in chain, close to each other / Positive
Kj1-5-94 / Cocci / 1.57 / Single, tetrad and in cluster / Positive
Kj1-5-95 / Small cocci / 0.94 / Singly and in cluster / Positive
Kj1-5-96 / Small cocci / 0.78 / Singly and in cluster / positive
Kj1-5-97 / Big sized cocci / 1.89 / Singly and in cluster / Positive
Kj1-5-98 / Thick rods / 3.39, 1.05 / Single, in pair, most of in cluster.
Few in “v” & “T” shape. / Positive
Kj1-5-982 / Thick rods / 2.99, 0.95 / Singly and in cluster / Positive
Kj1-5-99 / Small cocci / 0.95 / Singly and in cluster / Positive
Kj1-5-910 / Short thick rods, some in unusual shape / 2.5, 0.78 / Singly and in cluster / Positive
Kj1-5-911 / Small cocci / 0.95 / Singly and in cluster / Positive
Kj1-5-912 / Long rods / 3.45,0.63 / Singly and in chain / Positive
Kj1-5-913 / Short rods / 2.26 / Single and in chain
(Droplets of EPS) / Positive
Kj1-5-914 / Short thin rods / 2.23, 0.78 / Single and in chain
(Droplets of EPS) / Positive
Kj1-10-91 / Long, Slightly curved rods / 4.86,1.25 / Single, in chain and in cluster / Positive
Kj1-10-92 / Small cocci / 0.78 / Single, in chain and in cluster / Positive
Kj1-10-93 / Rods / 2.74,0.91 / Single and in chain. / Positive
Kj1-10-94 / Long rods / 7.23,0.8 / Singly and in stacks / Positive
Kj1-10-95 / Thick rods / 3.63,0.94 / Single, in pair & few in stacks. / Positive
Kj1-10-96 / Thin rods / 2.11,0.78 / In clusters, few singles & making chains / Positive
Kj1-10-97 / Rods / 3.01,1 / Single, in chain and in cluster / Positive
Kj1-10-98 / Rods / 2.44,1.44 / In cluster / Positive
Kj1-10-99 / Rods / 3.3,0.78 / Single and in pair / Positive
Kj1-10-910 / Rods / 2.97,0.94 / single, in pair, few in “Y” shape / Positive

Supplementary Table S3 Phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of the haloalkaliphilic bacteria isolated from Little Rann of Kutch

Phenotypic Tests / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 / 11 / 12 / 13 / 14 / 15 / 16 / 17 / 18 / 19 / 20 / 21 / 22 / 23
Catalase / +++ / ++ / +++ / +++ / ++ / ++ / ++ / ++ / +++ / +++ / +++ / +++ / ++ / +++ / - / +++ / ++ / +++ / +++ / ++ / ++ / ++ / ++
Oxidase / +++ / ++ / + / + / ++ / + / + / + / ++ / + / ++ / + / + / + / + / +++ / ++ / + / + / ++ / + / + / +
Nitrate reduction / +++ / +++ / - / - / - / - / ++ / - / - / +++ / + / ++ / - / - / - / +++ / +++ / - / - / - / - / ++ / -
Indole production / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / ++ / ++ / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / -
H2S production / +++ / ++ / + / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / + / +++ / - / - / + / - / ++ / + / +++ / + / + / + / +++
Urea utilization / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / _ / -
Sucrose / + / - / ++ / - / - / - / ++ / - / - / + / + / + / - / - / + / - / + / + / ++ / + / - / - / ++
Lactose / + / - / + / - / - / - / ++ / - / - / - / ++ / - / - / ++ / - / - / - / + / + / ++ / - / - / ++
Galactose / +++ / - / +++ / +++ / ++ / - / ++ / + / ++ / +++ / +++ / +++ / + / ++ / + / - / - / - / ++ / - / ++ / - / +
Arabinose / - / - / - / - / ++ / ++ / ++ / ++ / ++ / + / - / - / + / - / - / - / - / ++ / - / ++ / - / - / -
Maltose / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / ++ / - / - / - / - / -
Raffinose / - / ++ / - / - / +++ / - / +++ / - / ++ / ++ / ++ / ++ / - / - / + / - / - / ++ / + / + / - / - / -
Fructose / - / - / - / ++ / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / ++ / - / - / - / - / - / ++ / -
Xylose / - / - / - / + / - / ++ / +++ / ++ / +++ / ++ / +++ / - / +++ / - / + / - / - / ++ / ++ / + / - / - / ++
Augmentin (30 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Amikacin ( 30 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Vancomycin (30 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Cefixime (5 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Tetracyclin (30 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Streptomycin (10 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Rifampicin (5 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Levofloxacin (5 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Cefpodoxime (10 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Ceftriaxone (30 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Clindamycin (2 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Chloramphenicol (30 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Netillin (30 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Colistin (10 mcg) / S / S / S / S / R / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Norfloxacin (10 mcg) / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Ciprofloxacin (5 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Gentamycin (10 mcg) / S / S / S / S / R / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Cephotaxime (30 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / R / R / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Furazolidone (50 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Amoxycillin (10 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Co-trimoxazole (25 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Cefaclor (30 mcg) / S / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Azithromycin (15 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Ampicillin (10 mcg) / S / S / S / S / R / R / R / R / S / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S
Cefadroxil (30 mcg) / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Clarithromycin (15 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Penicillin (10 units) / S / S / S / S / R / R / R / R / S / S / R / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Erythromycin (15 mcg) / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Cefuroxime (30 mcg) / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S
Cefaperazone (75 mcg) / S / S / S / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / R / R / S / R / S / S / S / S / S / S / S / S

Characters are scored as, +++: Highly positive; ++: Medium positive; +: Less positive; -: Negative; R: Resistance; S: Sensitivity

1, KJ1-5-93; 2, KJ1-5-94; 3, KJ1-5-95; 4, KJ1-5-96; 5, KJ1-5-97; 6, KJ1-5-98; 7, KJ1-5-99; 8, KJ1-5-910; 9, KJ1-5-911; 10, KJ1-5-912; 11, KJ1-5-982; 12, KJ1-5-913; 13, KJ1-5-914; 14, KJ1-10-91; 15, KJ1-10-92; 16, KJ1-10-93; 17, KJ1-10-94; 18, KJ1-10-95; 19, KJ1-10-96; 20, KJ1-10-97; 21, KJ1-10-98; 22, KJ1-10-99; 23, KJ1-10-910