SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Fig. S1. Arsenic concentrations (μg/L) in groundwater of Ha Nam province, the Northern Vietnam, A – Arsenic concentration in groundwater of Chuyen Ngoai village, B – Arsenic concentration in groundwater of Chuyen Ngoai village. Breaked red line is WHO guideline for arsenic (10 µg/L).

Fig. S2. Concentration of barium (μg/L) in groundwater of Ha Nam province, the Northern Vietnam, A – Barium concentration in groundwater of Chuyen Ngoai village, B – Barium concentration in groundwater of Chuyen Ngoai village. Breaked red line is WHO guideline for barium (700 µg/L).

Fig. S3. Concentration of manganese (μg/L) in groundwater of Ha Nam province, the Northern Vietnam, A – Manganese concentration in groundwater of Chuyen Ngoai village, B – Manganese concentration in groundwater of Chuyen Ngoai village. Breaked red line is WHO guideline for manganese (500 µg/L).

Fig. S4. Concentration of arsenic in human urine (μg/L) from Chau Giang and Chuyen Ngoai villages, Ha Nam province. Bar represents geometric mean

Fig. S5. Arsenic concentration in human urine of residents in the investigated area in Ha Nam province, the Northern Vietnam. Sample name of family (UCN 1 – 22, UCG 1 – 14) indicates the well used in the household. Breaked red line is level of arsenic in unexposed individuals in urine (100 µg/L) (suggested by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Public Health Services).

Fig. S1.

Fig. S2.

Fig. S3.

Fig. S4.

Fig. S5.

Table S1. Details of human urine samples from Chuyen Ngoai and Chau Giang villages, Ha Nam province

Area / Number of samples / Age
Chuyen Ngoai
Total / 47 / 43 (4 – 86)
Female / 22 / 43 (6 – 86)
Male / 25 / 42 (4 – 79)
Chau Giang
Total / 37 / 41 (4 – 80)
Female / 18 / 45 (5 – 80)
Male / 19 / 41 (4 – 80)

Table S2. Parameters used for calculation of the ADD values

IR (L/day) / ED (years) / EF (days/year) / AT (days) / BW (kg)
2 / 1 -26a / 365 / 18250 / 55
a - age of the well at the investigated area

1