Supplemental Table of Larval Duration by Trophic Level.Mean, max, and min Pelagic Larval Duration (PLD) (in days)for 382 (prey: 347; predators: 35) species from the Indo-Pacific. Numbered references are at the end of the table. Species represent only reef-associated species. See details in main text for trophic classification.

Species / PLD- Mean / PLD- Max / PLD - Min / Trophic / References
Abudefduf abdominalis / 20.9 / 23.0 / 18.5 / prey / 1, 2
Abudefduf bengalensis / 22.8 / 24.0 / 21.0 / prey / 1
Abudefduf lorenzi / 23.0 / 25.0 / 21.0 / prey / 1
Abudefduf sexfasciatus / 19.0 / 21.4 / 16.6 / prey / 1, 2, 3
Abudefduf sordidus / 26.1 / 31.0 / 23.0 / prey / 2
Abudefduf vaigiensis / 21.1 / 23.3 / 19.7 / prey / 1, 2, 4
Abudefduf whitleyi / 18.3 / 22.0 / 17.0 / prey / 1
Acanthopagrus schlegelii schlegelii / 23.8 / 23.8 / prey / 5
Acanthurus lineatus / 40.4 / 42.0 / 39.0 / prey / 6, 7
Acanthurus nigricans / 59.7 / 62.0 / 56.0 / prey / 7
Acanthurus nigrofuscus / 28.9 / 29.5 / 26.0 / prey / 6, 8
Acanthurus olivaceus / 59.7 / 60.4 / 57.0 / prey / 6, 8
Acanthurus sp.1 / 60.0 / 60.0 / prey / 8
Acanthurus sp.2 / 62.0 / 62.0 / prey / 8
Acanthurus sp.3 / 46.0 / 46.0 / prey / 8
Acanthurus triostegus / 47.4 / 47.9 / 39.4 / prey / 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
Acreichthys tomentosus / 23.9 / 27.0 / 21.0 / prey / 13
Amblyglyphidodon aureus / 16.5 / 17.5 / 16.0 / prey / 2, 14
Amblyglyphidodon curacao / 15.7 / 18.8 / 13.8 / prey / 1, 2, 14, 15
Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster / 16.4 / 16.5 / 16.0 / prey / 1, 2
Amblyglyphidodon ternatensis / 20.0 / 20.0 / 20.0 / prey / 2
Amblygobius phalaena / 19.7 / 32.7 / 22.0 / prey / 14, 16
Amphiprion akindynos / 12.4 / 13.5 / 9.0 / prey / 1, 14
Amphiprion chrysopterus / 17.0 / 17.0 / 17.0 / prey / 2
Amphiprion clarkii / 12.2 / 13.5 / 11.0 / prey / 1, 2
Amphiprion melanopus / 12.4 / 14.8 / 10.0 / prey / 1, 2, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19
Amphiprion percula / 10.9 / 12.0 / 8.5 / prey / 1, 20
Amphiprion perideraion / 14.3 / 15.0 / 14.0 / prey / 1, 2
Amphiprion polymnus / 11.0 / 12.0 / 9.0 / prey / 1
Amphiprion tricinctus / 10.1 / 11.0 / 9.0 / prey / 1
Anampses caeruleopunctatus / 25.0 / 25.0 / prey / 7
Anampses chrysocephalus / 29.5 / 31.0 / 28.0 / prey / 21
Anampses cuvier / 44.5 / 52.0 / 37.0 / prey / 21
Anampses twistii / 28.8 / 38.0 / 23.0 / prey / 21
Antennariidae sp. / 54.0 / 64.0 / 48.0 / predator / 6
Antennatus tuberosus / 47.5 / 51.0 / 42.0 / predator / 22
Apogon bandanensis / 24.5 / 25.0 / 24.0 / prey / 22
Apogon coccineus / 19.7 / 20.0 / 19.0 / prey / 6
Apogon compressus / 24.0 / 24.0 / prey / 19
Apogon crassiceps / 17.7 / 20.0 / 15.0 / prey / 23
Apogon cyanosoma / 21.1 / 21.5 / 18.0 / prey / 4, 19
Apogon doederleini / 22.6 / 27.0 / 16.0 / prey / 4
Apogon exostigma / 33.5 / 34.0 / 33.0 / prey / 6
Apogon fraenatus / 25.3 / 26.0 / 25.0 / prey / 6
Apogon nigrofasciatus / 18.5 / 19.0 / 18.0 / prey / 6
Apogon novemfasciatus / 29.7 / 33.0 / 28.0 / prey / 22
Apogon sp. (petit rouge) / 32.2 / 33.0 / 31.0 / prey / 6
Apolemichthys trimaculatus / 24.2 / 26.0 / 22.0 / prey / 7
Atule mate / 50.0 / 52.0 / 48.0 / prey / 24
Aulostomus chinensis / 93.3 / 116.0 / 71.0 / predator / 6
Bathygobius coalitus / 40.0 / 50.0 / 32.0 / prey / 25
Bodianus axillaris / 23.5 / 28.0 / 18.0 / prey / 21
Bodianus mesothorax / 30.3 / 34.0 / 26.0 / prey / 21
Bothus mancus / 69.3 / 80.0 / 63.0 / predator / 6
Bothus pantherinus / 63.7 / 87.0 / 54.0 / predator / 6
Caesio caerulaurea / 22.0 / 23.0 / 21.0 / prey / 13
Carangidae spp. / 45.0 / 49.0 / 40.0 / predator / 6
Caranx melampygus / 57.6 / 60.0 / 56.0 / predator / 6
Centropyge acanthops / 34.0 / 34.0 / 34.0 / prey / 7
Centropyge bicolor / 32.0 / 34.0 / 29.0 / prey / 7
Centropyge bispinosa / 32.0 / 33.0 / 31.0 / prey / 7
Centropyge eibli / 25.3 / 27.0 / 24.0 / prey / 7
Centropyge ferrugata / 38.0 / 38.0 / prey / 7
Centropyge fisheri / 38.3 / 38.3 / prey / 7
Centropyge flavicauda / 38.3 / 39.0 / 37.0 / prey / 7
Centropyge flavissima / 30.2 / 32.0 / 27.5 / prey / 6, 7
Centropyge heraldi / 32.0 / 32.0 / 32.0 / prey / 7
Centropyge interruptus / 31.5 / 34.0 / 29.0 / prey / 7
Centropyge loricula / 38.0 / 38.0 / prey / 7
Centropyge multifasciata / 26.2 / 28.0 / 25.0 / prey / 7
Centropyge nox / 31.5 / 33.0 / 28.0 / prey / 7
Centropyge potteri / 35.5 / 38.0 / 34.0 / prey / 7
Centropyge tibicen / 30.0 / 34.0 / 27.0 / prey / 7
Centropyge venustus / 25.0 / 25.0 / 25.0 / prey / 7
Centropyge vrolikii / 29.0 / 29.0 / prey / 7
Cephalopholis argus / 27.5 / 29.0 / 25.0 / predator / 6
Cephalopholis boenak / 31.0 / 31.0 / 31.0 / predator / 13
Cephalopholis urodeta / 24.3 / 27.0 / 22.0 / predator / 13
Chaetodon auriga / 44.3 / 47.4 / 38.0 / prey / 6, 7, 8, 26
Chaetodon baronessa / 35.5 / 35.5 / 38.0 / prey / 7, 8
Chaetodon citrinellus / 50.5 / 54.0 / 48.0 / prey / 6
Chaetodon collare / 43.0 / 43.0 / prey / 7
Chaetodon ephippium / 38.5 / 40.0 / 37.0 / prey / 6
Chaetodon flavirostris / 47.3 / 52.1 / prey / 26
Chaetodon kleinii / 56.0 / 56.0 / prey / 7
Chaetodon lineolatus / 54.0 / 54.0 / prey / 7
Chaetodon lunula / 43.0 / 48.0 / 37.0 / prey / 6
Chaetodon lunulatus / 39.3 / 46.0 / 31.0 / prey / 6
Chaetodon miliaris / 60.0 / 60.0 / prey / 27
Chaetodon ornatissimus / 62.5 / 64.0 / 61.0 / prey / 6
Chaetodon plebeius / 44.1 / 44.5 / 39.0 / prey / 4, 8, 28
Chaetodon rainfordi / 31.4 / 31.4 / 35.0 / prey / 4, 28
Chaetodon speculum / 44.7 / 51.8 / 40.3 / prey / 7, 29
Chaetodon trifascialis / 35.7 / 38.5 / 32.0 / prey / 6, 7
Chaetodon ulietensis / 41.0 / 43.0 / 37.0 / prey / 6
Chaetodon unimaculatus / 35.0 / 35.0 / 35.0 / prey / 7
Chaetodon vagabundus / 42.3 / 47.0 / 39.0 / prey / 6, 20, 30
Chaetodontoplus duboulayi / 21.6 / 23.0 / 18.0 / prey / 7
Chaetodontoplus melanosoma / 22.2 / 23.0 / 20.0 / prey / 7
Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus / 19.9 / 22.0 / 18.0 / prey / 7
Chaetodontoplus personifer / 23.3 / 24.0 / 23.0 / prey / 7
Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis / 23.0 / 23.0 / prey / 7
Cheilinus fasciatus / 25.7 / 27.0 / 24.0 / prey / 21
Cheilinus trilobatus / 29.6 / 39.0 / 28.5 / prey / 21
Cheilio inermis / 56.1 / 73.0 / 43.0 / predator / 21
Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus / 22.3 / 23.5 / 17.0 / predator / 4, 7, 19
Cheiloprion labiatus / 16.5 / 19.0 / 15.0 / prey / 2
Chelmon rostratus / 26.3 / 27.0 / 25.5 / prey / 4, 7
Choerodon anchorago / 19.3 / 23.0 / 17.0 / prey / 21
Choerodon fasciatus / 20.0 / 21.0 / 19.0 / prey / 7
Chromis agilis / 32.7 / 35.0 / 30.0 / prey / 2
Chromis alpha / 30.0 / 30.0 / 30.0 / prey / 2
Chromis amboinensis / 22.1 / 25.0 / 19.0 / prey / 1
Chromis atripectoralis / 18.6 / 20.6 / 16.0 / prey / 1, 7, 15, 16, 17
Chromis atripes / 30.0 / 32.0 / 26.5 / prey / 1, 2
Chromis caudalis / 27.0 / 28.0 / 26.0 / prey / 2
Chromis chrysura / 23.2 / 26.0 / 21.0 / prey / 1
Chromis delta / 24.0 / 25.0 / 23.0 / prey / 2
Chromis dispilus / 30.0 / 30.0 / prey / 31
Chromis hanui / 27.0 / 27.0 / 27.0 / prey / 2
Chromis iomelas / 24.4 / 29.0 / 17.0 / prey / 1
Chromis lepidolepis / 29.3 / 31.5 / 27.5 / prey / 1, 2
Chromis lineata / 33.8 / 40.0 / 31.0 / prey / 1, 2
Chromis margaritifer / 31.8 / 34.5 / 28.5 / prey / 1, 2
Chromis notata / 40.0 / 44.5 / 36.0 / prey / 32
Chromis retrofasciata / 21.5 / 25.0 / 19.5 / prey / 1, 2
Chromis sp. / 23.7 / 26.0 / 20.0 / prey / 4
Chromis sp.1 / 28.0 / 33.0 / 23.0 / prey / 1
Chromis sp.2 / 30.2 / 34.0 / 27.0 / prey / 1
Chromis ternatensis / 28.6 / 31.5 / 23.5 / prey / 1, 2
Chromis vanderbilti / 33.6 / 39.5 / 28.5 / prey / 1, 2
Chromis viridis / 24.0 / 26.5 / 21.9 / prey / 1, 2, 6, 7, 10, 14, 22, 33
Chromis weberi / 31.2 / 34.0 / 26.0 / prey / 2
Chromis xanthura / 28.2 / 33.0 / 23.0 / prey / 2
Chrysiptera biocellata / 18.6 / 19.7 / 15.5 / prey / 1, 2, 7
Chrysiptera brownriggii / 22.1 / 24.0 / 20.3 / prey / 1, 2, 6
Chrysiptera cyanea / 17.4 / 19.0 / 14.3 / prey / 1, 2, 7
Chrysiptera flavipinnis / 19.0 / 20.0 / 18.0 / prey / 1
Chrysiptera galba / 23.5 / 30.0 / 20.0 / prey / 34
Chrysiptera glauca / 23.5 / 26.7 / 20.0 / prey / 2, 6, 34
Chrysiptera hemicyanea / 19.3 / 21.0 / 17.5 / prey / 1, 7
Chrysiptera oxycephala / 21.5 / 24.0 / 19.0 / prey / 2
Chrysiptera rex / 19.8 / 23.3 / 17.0 / prey / 1, 2, 7, 14, 16
Chrysiptera rollandi / 19.8 / 22.8 / 16.6 / prey / 141, 4, 7, 15
Chrysiptera talboti / 22.0 / 22.0 / 22.0 / prey / 4
Chrysiptera traceyi / 23.0 / 23.0 / 23.0 / prey / 2
Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura / 25.6 / 27.0 / 19.0 / prey / 7, 21
Cirrhilabrus scottorum / 27.0 / 28.0 / prey / 22
Cirrhilabrus temminckii / 27.3 / 28.0 / 26.0 / prey / 4, 7
Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus / 51.0 / 51.0 / prey / 7
Coris batuensis / 27.6 / 29.0 / 25.8 / prey / 4, 7, 21
Coris gaimard / 45.8 / 55.0 / 37.7 / prey / 7, 21
Coris picta / 46.2 / 46.2 / prey / 35
Coris variegata / 27.8 / 28.1 / 28.0 / prey / 4, 8, 21, 36
Coris venusta / 46.1 / 50.0 / 40.0 / prey / 21
Cromileptes altivelis / 24.0 / 24.0 / predator / 7
Ctenochaetus binotatus / 58.5 / 65.5 / 47.0 / prey / 8, 37
Ctenochaetus flavicauda / 31.0 / 33.0 / 29.0 / prey / 34
Ctenochaetus striatus / 43.9 / 47.8 / 34.6 / prey / 6, 8, 10, 17, 22, 34, 38
Cymolutes lecluse / 75.9 / 91.0 / 60.0 / predator / 21
Cymolutes praetextatus / 71.0 / 71.0 / 71.0 / predator / 21
Dactyloptena orientalis / 43.4 / 48.0 / 39.0 / prey / 6
Dascyllus albisella / 25.9 / 27.5 / 24.5 / prey / 1, 2
Dascyllus aruanus / 21.2 / 24.3 / 18.6 / prey / 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 23
Dascyllus flavicaudus / 27.7 / 32.0 / 24.0 / prey / 22
Dascyllus melanurus / 22.3 / 23.0 / 21.0 / prey / 2, 7
Dascyllus reticulatus / 22.7 / 24.3 / 20.5 / prey / 1, 2, 7
Dascyllus trimaculatus / 28.1 / 30.0 / 25.7 / prey / 2, 6, 7
Diproctacanthus xanthurus / 17.3 / 20.0 / 15.0 / prey / 21
Dischistodus chrysopoecilus / 19.5 / 23.0 / 16.0 / prey / 2
Dischistodus melanotus / 14.9 / 15.5 / 14.5 / prey / 1, 2
Dischistodus perspicillatus / 14.9 / 16.0 / 13.5 / prey / 1, 2
Dischistodus prosopotaenia / 17.0 / 17.0 / prey / 15
Dischistodus pseudochrysopoecilus / 17.7 / 18.0 / 17.0 / prey / 1, 2, 4
Enneapterygius atriceps / 30.0 / 30.0 / prey / 39
Epibulus insidiator / 30.4 / 38.0 / 25.0 / predator / 21
Epinephelus areolatus / 18.0 / 18.0 / 18.0 / predator / 13
Epinephelus corallicola / 41.0 / 41.0 / predator / 8
Epinephelus hexagonatus / 24.7 / 26.0 / 24.0 / predator / 22
Epinephelus merra / 29.6 / 29.6 / predator / 40
Eviota melasma / 26.2 / 26.2 / prey / 41
Eviota queenslandica / 24.2 / 24.2 / prey / 41
Eviota sigillata / 24.7 / 24.7 / prey / 41
Fistularia commersonii / 46.0 / 48.0 / 42.0 / predator / 6
Forcipiger flavissimus / 50.7 / 57.0 / 41.0 / prey / 7
Fowleria marmorata / 41.3 / 43.0 / 39.0 / prey / 22
Genicanthus bellus / 25.0 / 25.0 / 25.0 / prey / 7
Genicanthus melanospilos / 25.0 / 25.0 / 25.0 / prey / 7
Gnathodentex aureolineatus / 40.0 / 40.0 / prey / 40
Gnatholepis cauerensis / 39.8 / 45.0 / 29.0 / prey / 13
Gobiodon sp.1 / 22.0 / 22.0 / 22.0 / prey / 4
Gobiodon sp.2 / 29.8 / 38.0 / 27.0 / prey / 4
Gobiodon sp.3 / 40.0 / 40.0 / 40.0 / prey / 4
Gomphosus varius / 56.6 / 69.0 / 48.7 / prey / 7, 21
Grammistes sexlineatus / 42.0 / 42.0 / 42.0 / predator / 6
Gunnelichthys sp. / 36.6 / 39.0 / 33.0 / prey / 6
Gymnapogon urospilotus / 34.6 / 38.0 / 32.0 / prey / 6
Halichoeres argus / 25.0 / 27.0 / 22.0 / prey / 21
Halichoeres biocellatus / 24.3 / 25.3 / 20.0 / prey / 7, 21
Halichoeres chloropterus / 21.1 / 25.0 / 19.0 / prey / 21
Halichoeres chrysus / 26.1 / 29.0 / 23.0 / prey / 21
Halichoeres hortulanus / 32.5 / 37.0 / 28.0 / prey / 21
Halichoeres margaritaceus / 21.7 / 26.0 / 18.0 / prey / 21
Halichoeres marginatus / 22.2 / 25.0 / 20.0 / prey / 21
Halichoeres melanurus / 24.5 / 26.7 / 22.3 / prey / 4, 21
Halichoeres nebulosus / 23.9 / 26.0 / 20.0 / prey / 21
Halichoeres ornatissimus / 39.5 / 56.0 / 33.0 / prey / 21
Halichoeres prosopeion / 21.2 / 26.0 / 4.0 / prey / 21
Halichoeres richmondi / 20.8 / 22.0 / 20.0 / prey / 21
Halichoeres scapularis / 24.4 / 28.0 / 21.0 / prey / 21
Halichoeres trimaculatus / 26.8 / 32.0 / 21.0 / prey / 21
Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon / 18.0 / 20.0 / 16.0 / prey / 2
Hemigymnus fasciatus / 25.8 / 34.0 / 19.0 / prey / 21
Heniochus acuminatus / 40.8 / 40.8 / prey / 8
Heniochus chrysostomus / 32.7 / 38.0 / 27.0 / prey / 6
Heniochus diphreutes / 32.0 / 34.0 / 30.0 / prey / 7
Hoplolatilus purpureus / 34.0 / 36.0 / 33.0 / prey / 7
Iniistius pavo / 72.5 / 77.0 / 68.0 / prey / 21, 42
Koumansetta rainfordi / 33.8 / 37.7 / 30.0 / prey / 4, 14
Kuhlia sandvicensis / 60.0 / 60.0 / prey / 43
Labrichthys unilineatus / 19.2 / 24.0 / 17.0 / prey / 21
Labroides bicolor / 24.3 / 25.0 / 23.0 / prey / 7, 21
Labroides dimidiatus / 23.2 / 24.7 / 22.0 / prey / 4, 7, 21
Labroides pectoralis / 26.8 / 31.0 / 22.0 / prey / 21
Labroides phthirophagus / 32.1 / 38.0 / 27.0 / prey / 21
Labropsis micronesica / 22.0 / 22.0 / 22.0 / prey / 21
Labropsis xanthonota / 30.5 / 33.0 / 28.0 / prey / 21
Lactoria cornuta / 58.0 / 58.0 / 58.0 / prey / 6
Lepidozygus tapeinosoma / 19.4 / 20.4 / 20.0 / prey / 1
Lethrinus genivittatus / 27.1 / 28.8 / 24.0 / prey / 8, 33
Lethrinus variegatus / 32.0 / 32.0 / 32.0 / prey / 13
Lutjanus carponotatus / 35.0 / 32.5 / 27.0 / predator / 44, 45
Lutjanus fulviflamma / 26.1 / 26.1 / prey / 8
Lutjanus fulvus / 27.7 / 31.0 / 24.5 / prey / 13, 46
Lutjanus kasmira / 31.0 / 31.0 / prey / 40
Lutjanus sebae / 40.0 / 40.0 / predator / 7
Lutjanus vitta / 31.3 / 35.0 / 29.0 / predator / 13
Macropharyngodon geoffroy / 32.3 / 43.0 / 25.0 / prey / 21
Macropharyngodon meleagris / 27.5 / 33.0 / 20.0 / prey / 7, 21
Macropharyngodon negrosensis / 25.0 / 25.0 / 25.0 / prey / 21
Meuschenia scaber / 44.0 / 44.0 / prey / 47
Monacanthus chinensis / 20.0 / 20.0 / 20.0 / prey / 4
Mulloidichthys flavolineatus / 60.1 / 60.5 / 68.0 / prey / 6, 40
Mulloidichthys vanicolensis / 36.3 / 37.0 / 35.0 / prey / 22
Muraena sp. / 36.0 / 39.0 / 33.0 / predator / 22
Myripristis pralinia / 67.0 / 67.0 / 67.0 / prey / 6
Naso lituratus / 69.4 / 72.0 / 65.0 / prey / 6, 7
Naso sp. / 84.0 / 84.0 / 84.0 / prey / 4
Neocirrhites armatus / 48.0 / 48.0 / prey / 7
Neoglyphidodon melas / 15.5 / 17.0 / 13.5 / prey / 1, 2
Neoglyphidodon nigroris / 18.8 / 22.0 / 16.0 / prey / 1, 2, 7
Neoniphon argenteus / 41.0 / 44.0 / 39.0 / prey / 6
Neoniphon sammara / 47.0 / 54.0 / 40.0 / prey / 6, 48
Neopomacentrus azysron / 22.1 / 22.3 / 20.5 / prey / 1, 4
Neopomacentrus bankieri / 21.0 / 21.0 / prey / 19
Neopomacentrus cyanomos / 17.5 / 18.0 / 17.0 / prey / 1, 15
Neopomacentrus filamentosus / 20.0 / 25.0 / 15.0 / prey / 1
Neopomacentrus nemurus / 19.2 / 24.0 / 16.0 / prey / 2
Novaculichthys macrolepidotus / 70.5 / 77.0 / 64.0 / prey / 21
Novaculichthys taeniourus / 55.1 / 60.6 / 51.0 / prey / 6, 7, 21, 42
Oxycheilinus bimaculatus / 50.5 / 56.0 / 46.0 / predator / 21
Oxycheilinus digramma / 26.1 / 36.0 / 21.0 / predator / 21
Oxycheilinus unifasciatus / 36.2 / 40.0 / 29.0 / predator / 21
Oxycirrhites typus / 69.0 / 73.0 / 62.0 / prey / 7
Paracanthurus hepatus / 37.0 / 37.0 / prey / 7
Paracirrhites arcatus / 49.7 / 55.0 / 46.0 / prey / 22
Paragobiodon echinocephalus / 36.0 / 36.0 / 36.0 / prey / 4
Paragobiodon lacunicolus / 31.0 / 31.0 / 31.0 / prey / 4
Paragobiodon melanosomus / 42.3 / 47.0 / 39.0 / prey / 4
Paraluteres prionurus / 28.0 / 28.0 / 28.0 / prey / 4
Parapercis australis / 41.6 / 67.0 / 37.0 / prey / 13
Parupeneus multifasciatus / 45.0 / 45.4 / 45.0 / prey / 6, 8
Parupeneus pleurostigma / 50.2 / 53.5 / 45.0 / prey / 6, 8
Petroscirtes fallax / 21.0 / 21.0 / 21.0 / prey / 4
Petroscirtes lupus / 26.5 / 28.0 / 24.0 / prey / 13
Petroscirtes mitratus / 24.5 / 25.0 / 24.0 / prey / 4
Petroscirtes sp. / 34.3 / 36.0 / 31.0 / prey / 6
Platax pinnatus / 25.0 / 25.0 / prey / 7
Plectroglyphidodon dickii / 26.6 / 28.0 / 25.0 / prey / 2
Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis / 29.7 / 33.0 / 28.0 / prey / 2
Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus / 31.7 / 42.0 / 25.0 / prey / 1
Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus / 22.4 / 25.0 / 20.0 / prey / 1, 2
Plectroglyphidodon sindonis / 30.0 / 30.0 / 30.0 / prey / 2
Plectropomus leopardus / 25.2 / 25.2 / predator / 44
Plectropomus maculatus / 27.0 / 29.0 / 24.0 / predator / 45
Pomacanthus annularis / 21.0 / 22.0 / 20.0 / prey / 7
Pomacanthus imperator / 22.0 / 22.0 / 22.0 / prey / 7
Pomacanthus navarchus / 22.8 / 24.0 / 22.0 / prey / 7
Pomacanthus semicirculatus / 19.5 / 20.0 / 19.0 / prey / 7
Pomacanthus sexstriatus / 18.0 / 19.0 / 17.0 / prey / 7
Pomacanthus xanthometopon / 20.4 / 22.0 / 19.0 / prey / 7
Pomacentrus alexanderae / 17.7 / 19.0 / 17.0 / prey / 2
Pomacentrus amboinensis / 20.1 / 23.8 / 17.6 / prey / 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 15, 16, 19
Pomacentrus australis / 25.0 / 26.0 / 23.0 / prey / 1
Pomacentrus bankanensis / 18.4 / 20.0 / 16.5 / prey / 1, 2
Pomacentrus brachialis / 18.0 / 18.0 / 18.0 / prey / 1
Pomacentrus burroughi / 16.8 / 18.0 / 15.0 / prey / 2
Pomacentrus chrysurus / 17.0 / 17.6 / 16.5 / prey / 1, 2
Pomacentrus coelestis / 17.8 / 19.2 / 14.7 / prey / 1, 2, 7, 16
Pomacentrus emarginatus / 18.4 / 20.0 / 17.0 / prey / 2
Pomacentrus grammorhynchus / 16.4 / 17.0 / 16.0 / prey / 1, 2
Pomacentrus lepidogenys / 20.0 / 20.0 / 20.0 / prey / 2, 15
Pomacentrus moluccensis / 19.2 / 21.4 / 17.3 / prey / 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 16, 17, 33, 44
Pomacentrus nagasakiensis / 22.4 / 22.4 / prey / 1, 15, 16, 44
Pomacentrus pavo / 26.2 / 27.5 / 23.7 / prey / 1, 2, 6, 10
Pomacentrus philippinus / 16.0 / 16.0 / 16.0 / prey / 2
Pomacentrus reidi / 18.0 / 18.0 / 18.0 / prey / 2
Pomacentrus simsiang / 15.8 / 18.0 / 14.0 / prey / 2
Pomacentrus sp. / 23.0 / 24.0 / 21.5 / prey / 4
Pomacentrus sp.1 / 17.4 / 18.0 / 16.0 / prey / 2
Pomacentrus sp.2 / 14.0 / 14.0 / 14.0 / prey / 2
Pomacentrus taeniometopon / 15.7 / 16.0 / 15.0 / prey / 2
Pomacentrus vaiuli / 21.2 / 23.3 / 18.7 / prey / 1, 2, 7
Pomacentrus wardi / 21.7 / 22.6 / 20.4 / prey / 1, 4, 7, 14
Premnas biaculeatus / 9.2 / 10.5 / 7.0 / prey / 1, 49
Pristotis obtusirostris / 25.3 / 29.0 / 22.0 / prey / 1
Pseudanthias pascalus / 26.0 / 26.0 / prey / 7
Pseudocheilinus evanidus / 42.5 / 57.0 / 34.5 / prey / 21
Pseudocheilinus hexataenia / 35.0 / 46.0 / 26.0 / prey / 21
Pseudocheilinus octotaenia / 41.6 / 46.5 / 35.5 / prey / 21
Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia / 49.3 / 55.0 / 42.0 / prey / 21
Pseudochromis quinquedentatus / 61.0 / 61.0 / prey / 8
Pseudogramma polyacanthum / 32.3 / 42.0 / 26.0 / prey / 34
Pseudogramma xanthum / 30.5 / 48.0 / 22.0 / prey / 34
Pseudojuloides cerasinus / 42.4 / 52.0 / 35.0 / prey / 21
Pteragogus cryptus / 20.6 / 22.0 / 19.0 / prey / 21
Pteragogus flagellifer / 23.0 / 23.0 / 23.0 / prey / 21
Pteragogus guttatus / 20.5 / 22.0 / 19.0 / prey / 21
Ptereleotris sp. / 42.0 / 42.0 / 42.0 / prey / 6
Pterocaesio chrysozona / 42.0 / 42.0 / prey / 50
Pterocaesio marri / 42.0 / 42.0 / prey / 17, 51
Pterois radiata / 40.0 / 41.0 / 37.0 / predator / 22
Pterois volitans / 28.1 / 37.5 / 22.5 / predator / 52, 53
Pygoplites diacanthus / 24.5 / 26.0 / 23.0 / prey / 7
Sargocentron microstoma / 40.3 / 46.0 / 36.0 / prey / 6
Sargocentron punctatissimum / 45.0 / 45.0 / 45.0 / prey / 6
Scarus schlegeli / 30.4 / 35.0 / 28.0 / prey / 13
Scolopsis bilineata / 25.0 / 25.0 / 25.0 / prey / 13
Scorpaenodes guamensis / 32.4 / 38.0 / 32.0 / prey / 22
Scorpaenopsis diabolus / 29.8 / 33.0 / 24.0 / predator / 6
Sebastes inermis / 84.0 / 84.0 / prey / 12
Siganus canaliculatus / 27.5 / 30.0 / 23.0 / prey / 54
Siganus doliatus / 23.9 / 29.0 / 21.0 / prey / 13, 55
Siganus fuscescens / 19.2 / 23.0 / 17.0 / prey / 33
Siganus lineatus / 33.0 / 35.0 / 29.0 / prey / 56
Siganus rivulatus / 39.0 / 39.0 / prey / 37
Siganus spinus / 22.0 / 17.0 / prey / 57
Siganus vermiculatus / 23.0 / 24.0 / 22.0 / prey / 58
Siganus vulpinus / 23.5 / 24.0 / 23.0 / prey / 7
Sphaeramia orbicularis / 17.0 / 17.0 / prey / 7
Stegastes apicalis / 29.7 / 31.0 / 26.0 / prey / 1
Stegastes emeryi / 22.6 / 29.0 / 18.0 / prey / 34
Stegastes fasciolatus / 30.0 / 32.3 / 27.3 / prey / 1, 2, 6, 34
Stegastes lividus / 25.0 / 25.0 / prey / 2
Stegastes nigricans / 31.7 / 34.2 / 28.4 / prey / 1, 2, 6, 16, 17, 48
Stegastes punctatus / 25.0 / 25.0 / 25.0 / prey / 2
Stegastes sp.2 / 22.5 / 23.0 / 22.0 / prey / 2
Stethojulis balteata / 38.6 / 41.5 / 35.0 / prey / 7, 21
Stethojulis bandanensis / 30.7 / 38.0 / 26.5 / prey / 21, 42
Stethojulis notialis / 40.3 / 43.0 / 32.0 / prey / 13
Stethojulis sp. / 26.0 / 26.0 / 26.0 / prey / 4
Stethojulis strigiventer / 23.4 / 28.0 / 20.0 / prey / 21
Synchiropus splendidus / 36.0 / 39.0 / 33.0 / prey / 7
Synodus variegatus / 42.0 / 46.0 / 38.0 / predator / 22
Teixeirichthys jordani / 25.3 / 29.0 / 22.0 / prey / 1
Thalassoma amblycephalum / 72.4 / 90.0 / 53.0 / prey / 21
Thalassoma ballieui / 84.0 / 121.0 / 65.0 / prey / 21
Thalassoma duperrey / 89.2 / 114.0 / 75.0 / prey / 21
Thalassoma hardwicke / 54.5 / 62.0 / 49.7 / prey / 6, 7, 21
Thalassoma jansenii / 63.3 / 85.0 / 50.0 / prey / 21
Thalassoma lunare / 50.1 / 52.8 / 46.0 / prey / 4, 7, 8, 21
Thalassoma lutescens / 78.0 / 78.0 / 78.0 / prey / 21
Thalassoma purpureum / 57.7 / 62.0 / 50.0 / prey / 42
Thalassoma quinquevittatum / 56.4 / 68.0 / 46.0 / prey / 21
Thalassoma trilobatum / 78.3 / 99.0 / 60.0 / prey / 21
Trimma benjamini / 33.9 / prey / 59
Trimma nasa / 33.9 / 33.9 / prey / 60
Upeneus tragula / 31.1 / 34.0 / 28.0 / prey / 61
Zanclus cornutus / 57.9 / 63.0 / 49.0 / prey / 6, 7
Zebrasoma flavescens / 54.0 / 54.0 / prey / 62
Zebrasoma scopas / 55.2 / 57.4 / 48.0 / prey / 6, 8
Zebrasoma veliferum / 35.8 / 36.5 / 34.0 / prey / 6, 7

References

1.Thresher R, Brothers E. Evidence of intra-and inter-oceanic regional differences in the early life history of reef-associated fishes. Marine ecology progress series Oldendorf57, 187-205 (1989).

2.Wellington G, Victor B. Planktonic larval duration of one hundred species of Pacific and Atlantic damselfishes (Pomacentridae). Marine Biology101, 557-567 (1989).

3.Juncker M. Approvisionnement en larves de poissons du lagon de Wallis (Pacifique Sud). These de doctorat Universite de la Nouvelle-Caledonie, Laboratoire d'tude des ressources vivantes et de l'environnement marin, (2005).

4.Brothers E, Williams DM, Sale P. Length of larval life in twelve families of fishes at “One Tree Lagoon”, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Biology76, 319-324 (1983).

5.Chang C-W, Hsu C-C, Wang Y-T, Tzeng W-N. Early life history of Acanthopagrus latus and A. schlegeli (Sparidae) on the western coast of Taiwan: temporal and spatial partitioning of recruitment. Marine and freshwater research53, 411-417 (2002).

6.Lo-Yat A. Variabilité temporelle de la colonisation par les larves de poissons de l'atoll de Rangiroa (Tuamotu, Polynésie Française) et utilisation de l'outil" otolithe" de ces larves. (2002).

7.Thresher RE, Brothers EB. Reproductive ecology and biogeography of Indo-west Pacific angelfishes (Pisces: Pomacanthidae). Evolution, 878-887 (1985).

8.Wilson D, McCormick M. Microstructure of settlement-marks in the otoliths of tropical reef fishes. Marine Biology134, 29-41 (1999).

9.Randall JE. A contribution to the biology of the convict surgeonfish of the Hawaiian Islands, Acanthurus triostegus sandvicensis. Pacific Science15, 215-272 (1961).

10.Romans P. Unpublished Data.

11.Dufour V. PhD Thesis: Colonisation des récifs coralliens par les larves de poissons. (1992).

12.Planes S. PhD Thesis: Les échelles spatiales de dispersion des larves de poissons récifaux en Polynésie française: Influence sur la différenciation géographique des populations. (1992).

13.Becheler R. PhD Thesis: Les relations entre potentiel de dispersion et aires de distribution chez les poissons de récifs tropicaux du Pacifique Ouest et Central. Masters I, (2008).

14.Bay LK, Caley MJ, Crozier RH. Meta-population structure in a coral reef fish demonstrated by genetic data on patterns of migration, extinction and re-colonisation. BMC evolutionary biology8, 248 (2008).

15.Leis JM, Wright KJ, Johnson RN. Behaviour that influences dispersal and connectivity in the small, young larvae of a reef fish. Marine Biology153, 103-117 (2007).

16.Bay L, Buechler K, Gagliano M, Caley M. Intraspecific variation in the pelagic larval duration of tropical reef fishes. Journal of Fish Biology68, 1206-1214 (2006).

17.Bonhomme F, Planes S. Some evolutionary arguments about what maintains the pelagic interval in reef fishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes59, 365-383 (2000).

18.Green BS, Fisher R. Temperature influences swimming speed, growth and larval duration in coral reef fish larvae. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology299, 115-132 (2004).

19.Job SD, Bellwood DR. Light sensitivity in larval fishes: implications for vertical zonation in the pelagic zone. Limnology and Oceanography45, 362-371 (2000).

20.Almany GR, Berumen ML, Thorrold SR, Planes S, Jones GP. Local replenishment of coral reef fish populations in a marine reserve. Science316, 742-744 (2007).

21.Victor B. Duration of the planktonic larval stage of one hundred species of Pacific and Atlantic wrasses (family Labridae). Marine Biology90, 317-326 (1986).

22.Lecomte-Finiger R, Morize E, R. G. Unpublished Data.

23.Vieux C. Unpublished Data.

24.Watarai LT. Growth Rate of a Carangid Fish, the Omaka Caranx mate, in Hawaii. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society102, 617-620 (1973).

25.Shafer D. Evaluation of periodic and aperiodic otolith structure and somatic-otolith scaling for use in retrospective life history analysis of a tropical marine goby, Bathygobius coalitus. Marine Ecology Progress Series199, 217-229 (2000).

26.Booth D, Parkinson K. Pelagic larval duration is similar across 23 of latitude for two species of butterflyfish (Chaetodontidae) in eastern Australia. Coral reefs30, 1071-1075 (2011).

27.Ralston S. PhD Thesis: Aspects of the age and growth, reproduction, and diet of the millet-seed butterflyfish, Chaetodon miliaris (Pisces: Chaetodontidae), an Hawaiian endemic. (1975).

28.Fowler A. Description, interpretation and use of the microstructure of otoliths from juvenile butterflyfishes (family Chaetodontidae). Marine Biology102, 167-181 (1989).

29.Kulbicki M, Morize E, Labonne M, Ponton D. Unpublished Data.

30.Berumen ML. Unpublished Data.

31.Russell B. Underwater observations on the reproductive activity of the demoiselleChromis dispilus (Pisces: Pomacentridae). Marine biology10, 22-29 (1971).

32.Kawase H, Mochioka N, Nakazono A. Otolith Increment Formation and Planktonic Larval Duration of a Temperate Damselfish. Japnese Journal of Icthyology40, 377-380 (1993).

33.Mellin C. PhD Thesis: Sélection de l'habitat à l'installation et utilisation de l'habitat post-installation chez les poissons récifaux-lagonaires de Nouvelle-Calédonie. (2007).

34.Sardenne F. Traits de vie des poissons endémiques des îles Gambier par analyse optique et chimique des otolithes. (2011).

35.Thompson S. Unpublished Data.

36.Brothers EB, Thresher RE. Pelagic duration, dispersal, and the distribution of Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes. The ecology of coral reefs3, 53-69 (1985).

37.Lou D. Growth in juvenile Scarus rivulatus and Ctenochaetus binotatus: a comparison of families Scaridae and Acanthuridae. Journal of fish biology42, 15-23 (1993).

38.Lou DC. Unpublished Data.

39.Longenecker K, Langston R. Life history of the Hawaiian blackhead triplefin, Enneapterygius atriceps (Blennioidei, Tripterygiidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes73, 243-251 (2005).

40.Pothin K. PhD Thesis: Analyse de la dispersion larvaire des poissons récifaux à la Réunion à travers l'étude de leurs otolithes. (2005).

41.Depczynski M, Bellwood DR. Extremes, plasticity, and invariance in vertebrate life history traits: insights from coral reef fishes. Ecology87, 3119-3127 (2006).

42.Victor BC, Wellington GM. Endemism and the pelagic larval duration of reef fishes in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series205, 241-248 (2000).

43.Tester AL, Takata M. Contribution to the biology of the aholehole, a potential baitfish. Industrial research advisory council (1953).

44.Wright K, Higgs D, Cato D, Leis J. Auditory sensitivity in settlement-stage larvae of coral reef fishes. Coral Reefs29, 235-243 (2010).

45.Harrison HB, et al. Larval export from marine reserves and the recruitment benefit for fish and fisheries. Current Biology22, 1023-1028 (2012).

46.Goldman B, Stroud G, Talbot F. Fish eggs and larvae over a reef: abundance with habitat, time of day and moon phase. In: Proceedings Inaugural Great Barrier Reef Conference. Townsville. (1983).

47.Kingsford M, Milicich M. Presettlement phase of Parika scaber (Pisces: Monacanthidae): a temperate reef fish. Mar Ecol Prog Ser36, 65-79 (1987).

48.Lefevre A, Lecomte-Finiger R. Durée de la vie larvaire pélagique de deux espèces récifales, Stegastes nigricans (Pomacenridae) et Neoniphon sammara (Holocentridae) de l'île de Moorea (Polynésie française). Cybium19, 401-409 (1995).

49.Madhu K, Madhu R, Gopakumar G, Sasidharan C. Breeding, larval rearing and seed production of maroon clown Premnas biaculeatus under captive conditions. Marine Fisheries Information Service, Technical and Extension Series190, 1-5 (2006).

50.Shulman MJ. What can population genetics tell us about dispersal and biogeographic history of coral‐reef fishes? Australian Journal of Ecology23, 216-225 (1998).

51.Doherty PJ, Planes S, Mather P. Gene flow and larval duration in seven species of fish from the Great Barrier Reef. Ecology, 2373-2391 (1995).

52.Ahrenholz A, Morris B. Unpublished Data.

53.Shanks AL. Pelagic larval duration and dispersal distance revisited. The Biological Bulletin216, 373-385 (2009).

54.May R, Popper D, McVey J. Rearing and larval development of Siganus canaliculatus (Park)(Pisces: Siganidae). Micronesica10, 285-298 (1974).

55.Morize E. Unpublished Data.

56.Bryan PG, Madraisau BB. Larval rearing and development of Siganus lineatus (Pisces: Siganidae) from hatching through metamorphosis. Aquaculture10, 243-252 (1977).

57.Shafer DJ. Evaluation of periodic and aperiodic otolith structure and somatic-otolith scaling for use in retrospective life history analysis of a tropical marine goby, Bathygobius coalitus. Marine Ecology Progress Series199, 217-229 (2000).

58.Popper D, May R, Lichatowich T. An experiment in rearing larval< i> Siganus vermiculatus</i>(Valenciennes) and some observations on its spawning cycle. Aquaculture7, 281-290 (1976).

59.Winterbottom R, Alofs KM, Marseu A. Life span, growth and mortality in the western Pacific goby Trimma benjamini, and comparisons with T. nasa. Environmental biology of fishes91, 295-301 (2011).

60.Winterbottom R, Southcott L. Short lifespan and high mortality in the western Pacific coral reef goby Trimma nasa. Mar Ecol Prog Ser366, 203-208 (2008).

61.McCormick MI. Variability in age and size at settlement of the tropical goatfish Upeneus tragula (Mullidae) in the northern Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Marine Ecology Progress Series103, 1-1 (1994).

62.Claisse J, McTee S, Parrish J. Effects of age, size, and density on natural survival for an important coral reef fishery species, yellow tang, Zebrasoma flavescens. Coral Reefs28, 95-105 (2009).

63.Pastén GP, Katayama S, Omori M. Timing of parturition, planktonic duration, and settlement patterns of the black rockfish, Sebastes inermis. Environmental Biology of Fishes68, 229-239 (2003).

64.Thorrold S, Milicich M. Comparison of larval duration and pre-and post-settlement growth in two species of damselfish, Chromis atripectoralis andPomacentrus coelestis (Pisces: Pomacentridae), from the Great Barrier Reef. Marine biology105, 375-384 (1990).

65.Wilson DT, McCormick MI. Spatial and temporal validation of settlement-marks in the otoliths of tropical reef fishes. Oceanographic Literature Review44, (1997).