Arch. / ProtasterpiltonensisSpencer / Spencer (1934a, p. 471, pl. XXXIII, fig. 1) / Upper Mississippian Tournaisian (early Carboniferous) / Pilton, N. Devon, England
Arch. / Protastergranifer (Bohemuragranifer) (Whidborne) / Spencer (1934a, p. 479, pl. XXX, figs 5, 6) / Upper Mississippian Tournaisian (early Carboniferous) / Pilton, N. Devon, England
Arch. / Drepanasterscabrosus(Whidborne) / Spencer (1940, p. 498, pl. XXIX, fig. 6; pl. XXXII, figs 6, 7) / Upper Mississippian Tournaisian (early Carboniferous) / Braunton Down, N. Devon, England
Arch. / Furcasterleptosoma(Salter) / Spencer (1925, p. 319, pl. XVIII, fig. 4; pl. XXII, figs 3–10) / Upper Mississippian
Tournaisian (early Carboniferous) / Braunton Down, N. Devon, England
Arch. / Onychasterbarrisi(Hall) / Spencer (1927, p. 340, pl. XXI, fig. 13) / Upper Mississippian Tournaisian (early Carboniferous) / Braunton Down, N. Devon, England
Arch. / EncrinasterhamlingiSpencer / Spencer (1930, p. 425, pl. XXVII, fig. 10) / Upper Mississippian Tournaisian (early Carboniferous) / Croyde and Braunton, N. Devon, England
Mod. / Aganastergregarius
(Meek & Worthen) / Spencer (1925, p. 285, pl. 20, figs 4, 5);
Jell (1997, p. 312, figs 6.1–6.5) / Border Group, Mississippian Visean (early Carboniferous) / Crawfordsville,
Indiana, USA
Arch. / OnychasterflexilisMeek & Worthen / Spencer (1927, p. 339, pl. XXI, fig. 12) / Upper Mississippian Visean (early Carboniferous) / Skateraw Quarry, Dunbar, Scotland
Arch. / Bohemura(Protaster) granifer / Spencer (1934b, p. 189, pl. VI) / Upper Mississippian
Calcaire du Haut
Viséan(early Carboniferous) / Le HautBanc, near
Boulogne-sur-Mer
France
Mod. / Cholasterpeculiaris(Worthen& Miller) / Spencer & Wright (1966, p. 95, fig. 83.1) / Upper Mississippian (early Carboniferous) / Illinois, USA
Arch. / Stratasterohioensis (KeslingVasseur) / KeslingVasseur
(1971, p. 324, fig. 8) / Early Mississippian (early Carboniferous) / Ohio, USA
Arch. / Vandelooasterplicatilis Jell / Jell (1997, p. 308, pl. 1) / Mississippian (early Carboniferous) / Crawfordsville, Indiana, USA
Arch. / Schoenasterfimbriatus (Meek & Worthen) / Jell (1997, p. 310, pl. 3) / Mississippian (early Carboniferous) / Crawfordsville, Indiana, USA
Mod. / Aganasterjagiellonicus sp. nov. / Thuy et al. (2013, p. 924, fig. 2) / Mississippian - Tournaisian (early Carboniferous) / Southern Poland
Arch. / Protaster sp. / Wilson (1960)
Owen (1965) / Millstone Grit Series Namurian, (early-middle Carboniferous) / Yorkshire, England, UK
Mod. / Syntomospinakuehni Morris et al. / Morris et al. (1973,
p. 474, pl. 1, figs 1–4) / Brush Creek Shale,
Pennsylvanian (late Carboniferous) / Pennsylvania, USA
Arch. / Furcaster sp.[disarticulated vertebrae] / Weller (1930, p.9, pl. 1)
Haude(1982, p.13, pl. 3) / Unnamed Shale below PiasaLimestone, Pennsylvanian(late Carboniferous) / Jersey County, Illinois, USA
Arch. / Furcaster sp. [disarticulated vertebrae] / Weller (1930, p.9, pl. 1)
Lane (1981)
Haude (1982) / Perth Limestone Member
Staunton Formation
Desmoinesian Pennsylvanian(late Carboniferous) / Redwood Creek
Warren County, Indiana, USA
Arch. / Protasteridae sp. [forming
trace fossil Asteriacites
lumbricalis] / Ward (1982)
West & Ward (1990) / Tecumseh Shale Formation, Shawnee Group, Virgillian Pennsylvanian(late Carboniferous) / Wakarusa River,
South of Topeka,
Shawnee County,
Kansas, USA
Arch. / Armathyrasterparadoxis
ophiuroid sp.nov. / Harper & Morris (1978, p. 159, pl. 1) / Brush Creek Shale
Glenshaw Formation
Conemaugh Group Pennsylvanian (late Carboniferous) / Punxsutawney,
Jefferson County, Pennsylvania, USA
Arch. / Furcaster sp.
[as Calclyra sp.] / FrizzellExlein(1955) / Pennsylvanian(late Carboniferous) / Texas, USA
Arch. / Acanthospondyluspennsylvanicus(Harper) / Harper (2014, p. 248) / Glenshaw Formation, Conemaugh Group,Pennsylvanian - early Kasimovian (late Carboniferous) / Pennsylvania, USA
Mod. / Archaeophiomusiumburrisi
(Miller) / Miller (1958, p. 360, fig. 4A);
Miller (1963, p. 725) / Americus Limestone,
early Permian / Augusta, Kansas, USA
Arch. / ?Furcaster[disarticulated arm section] / Kornicker (1954, pl. 6, figs 1a–c, 2a,b)
Imbrie (1955) / Council Grove Group,
Florena Shale Member,
Artinskian(early Permian) / Kansas, USA
Mod. / Archaeophiomusiumburrisi
Zeugophiurinagen. et sp.nov. / Mayou (1967, p. 120, pl. 4) / Loray Formation, Kungurian (early Permian) / Robinson Summit, Nevada, USA
Arch. / Furcasteridaeindet / Perry et al.(2007) / Hueco Group, early Permian / Robledo Mountains, New Mexico, USA
Arch. / Teleosastercreasyi / This paper / Cundlego Formation, early Permian / Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia
Mod. / Archaeophiomusiumburrisi (Miller) / Hattin (1959, p. 1125,
text-fig. 1) / Speiser Shale, early Permian / Southern Kansas, USA
Mod. / Archaeophiomusiumburrisi (Miller) / Hattin (1959, p. 1125,
text-fig. 1);
Hattin (1967, pp. 489–492, text-figs 1–3) / Cottonwood Limestone, early Permian / Oklahoma, USA
Mod. / Archaeophiomusiumburrisi (Miller) / Mayou (1969, p. 936,
pl. 113, fig. 5) / Pequop Formation, early Permian / Ely, Nevada, USA
Mod. / Archaeophiomusium
bispinosumMayou / Mayou (1969, p. 937, pl. 113, figs 1, 2, 4, text-figs 3–5) / PequopFormation, early Permian / Ely, Nevada, USA
Mod. / Archaeophiomusiumandinum
Sanchez / Sanchez (1983, p. 104,
pl. 1, figs 1–3) / PalmaritoFormation, early Permian / Western Venezuela
Arch. / Furcastereiseliana
[as Prosynaptaeiseliana oras Calclyraeiseliana
spine microfossil only] / Spandel(1898, pp. 37–40, pl. XIII); FrizzellExlein(1955); Mostler(1971, p. 8, pl. 11) / Tatarian, Djulfian, Zechsteins,
middle–late Permian / Ranis, Thuringia, Germany
Arch / Furcastergracilis
[as Calclyragracilisspine microfossil only] / KozurMostler(1989, p. 679, pl. 1) / Wordianammonoid-bearingLimestone, Guadalupian(late Permian) / Rupe del Passo de Burgio,Sosio Valley, Sicily, Italy
Arch? / 13 Ophiuroidsindet. / Dunstan (1901) / Lower Bowen, Lower Marine Series, Permian / Leichardt District, central Queensland, Australia
Mod. / Aganaster?fujianensis Liao
& Wang / Liao & Wang (2002,
p. 397, pl. 1, figs 1–10;
pl. 2, figs 1–8) / Tongziyan Formation, Guadalupian
(late Permian) / Fujian, south China
Mod. / Aganaster?huaanensis (Wu) / Wu (1980, p. 61, pl. 1,
figs 1, 2) / TongtzyanFormation, Guadalupian (late Permian) / Fujian, south China
Mod. / Syntomospina?kaiyangensis Feng / Feng (1985, p. 339, pl. 3, figs 3, 4) / LungtanFormation, Wuchiapingian (late Permian) / Guizhou, South China
? / Indeterminate ophiuroid remains / Posenato (1999,
pl. 5, fig. 10) / Tesero Horizon,
Changhsingian(late Permian) / Dolomites, north Italy
? / Disarticulated ossicles / Twitchett Oji (2005) / Griesbachian to Spathian (Early Traissic) / Dolomites, north Italy
Mod. / Huangzhishaniapermotriassica
Chen et al. / Chen et al. (2004, p. 1308, pl. 1, figs 1–6) / ChanghsingFormation, Griesbachian (Early Triassic) / Zhejiang, south China
Mod. / Aplocoma cf. torrii (Desio) / Kummel & Teichert (1970, p. 52, fig. 15) / Kathwai Member,Griesbachian
(Early Triassic) / Salt Range, Pakistan
? / Undescribed body fossils / Twitchettet al. (2005) / Thaynes Formation,
Spathian(Early Triassic) / Nevada, USA
Mod. / Huangzhishaniagulinensis (Feng) / Feng & Gan (1978,
p. 454, pl. 146, fig. 1) / FeixianguanFormation, Olenekian (Early Triassic) / Guizhou, south China
Mod. / Huangzhishaniagulinensis (Feng) / Feng (1985, p. 340, pl. 2, figs 1, 2) / FeixianguanFormation, Olenekian (Early Triassic) / Sichuan, south China
Mod. / Ophiaulaxoidesbijieensis (Feng) / Feng (1985, p. 338, pl. 1, fig. 3) / FeixianguanFormation, Olenekian (Early Triassic) / Guizhou, south China
Mod. / Ophiolepis?shanxiensisYang / Yang et al. (1979, p. 471, pl. 2, figs 17–20) / ShihchienfengFormation, Olenekian (Early Triassic) / Shanxi, north China
Mod. / ‘Ophioderma’? schistovertebrataYang / Yang (1960, p. 159, pl. 1, figs 1, 2) / Feixianguan Formation, Olenekian (Early Triassic) / Guizhou, south China
Mod. / ‘O.’? schistovertebrata Yang / Feng & Gan (1978,
p. 454, pl. 146, fig. 2) / FeixianguanFormation, Olenekian (Early Triassic) / Guizhou, south China
Mod. / PraeaplocomahessiLorigaCavicchi / LorigaCavicchi (1969, pp. 194–196, pls 1–6) / Upper Werfen Formation, Olenekian (Early Triassic) / Dolomites,
north Italy
Mod. / PraeaplocomahessiLorigaCavicchi / Twitchettet al. (2005, p. 214, fig. 2) / Lower Siusi Member, late Griesbachian to Olenekian (Early Triassic) / Dolomites,
north Italy
Mod. / OphiolepisraincsakiDetre / Detre (1983, p. 359, fig. 4) / Campillian Limestone, Olenekian (Early Triassic) / Bakony Mountains, Hungary
Mod. / Aplocoma sp. / Runnegar (1969, pl. 103, figs 16, 17) / Traveston Formation, Smithian (Early Triassic) / Queensland, Australia
Mod. / OphiolepisbalatonicaDetre
Mihaly / DetreMihaly (1987,
p. 449, fig. 1) / Campillian Limestone, Spathian (Early Triassic) / Balaton Highland,
Hungary
Mod. / Ophioderma? haucheconi Eck / Hess (1965, p. 159) / Spathian (Early Triassic) / Berlin, Germany
? / Undescribed body fossils / Twitchettet al. (2005) / Hiraiso Formation,
Smithian(Early Triassic) / Kitakami, Japan
? / Undescribed body fossils / Twitchettet al. (2005) / Elikah Formation,
Smithian(Early Triassic) / Northern Iran
Arch. / ?Eospondylidindet. / Thuy et al. (2017) / Muschelkalk Basin,Anisian(Middle Triassic) / Germany and France
Arch. / ?Eospondylidindet. / Thuy et al. (2017) / Western paleo-Tethys, Anisian (Middle Triassic) / Hungary
Arch. / ?Eospondylidindet. / Thuy et al. (2017, fig. 2) / Eastern paleo-Tethys, Carnian(Middle Triassic) / Yangtse Platform Sichuan, China
Arch. / ?Eospondylidindet. / Thuy et al. (2017) / Western paleo-Tethys,Carnian(Middle Triassic) / Dolomites, north Italy
Arch. / ?Eospondylidindet. / Thuy et al. (2017) / Western paleo-Tethys, Norian(Late Triassic) / Austria
Arch. / ?Eospondylidindet. / Thuy et al. (2017, fig. 2) / paleo-Tethys,Rhaetian(Late Triassic) / Austria
Arch. / ?Eospondylidindet. / Thuy et al. (2017) / Paleo-Tethys, Rhaetian(Late Triassic) / Central Iran
Arch. / ?Eospondylidindet. / Thuy et al. (2017) / South-eastern Tethys, Rhaetian(Late Triassic) / Australia
Supplemental Table 1. Table of all known published Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic ophiuroids (articulated and disarticulated). Data from Chen & McNamara (2006) with further data from. Chen et al. (2004); Detre (1983); DetreMihaly (1987); Dunstan (1901); Feng (1985); Feng & Gan (1978); FrizzellExlein (1955); Harper (2014); Harper & Morris (1978); Hattin (1959); Hattin (1967); Haude (1982); Hess (1965); Imbrie (1955); Jell (1997); KeslingVasseur (1971); Kornicker (1954); KozurMostler (1989); Kummel & Teichert (1970); Lane (1981); Liao & Wang (2002); LorigaCavicchi (1969); Mayou (1967); Mayou (1969); Miller (1958); Miller (1963); Morris et al. (1973); Mostler (1971); Owen (1965); Perry et al. (2007); Posenato (1999); Runnegar (1969); Sanchez (1983); Spandel (1898); Spencer (1925, 1927, 1930, 1934a, b, 1940); Spencer & Wright (1966); Thuy et al. (2015); Thuy et al. (2017); Twitchettet al. (2005); Twitchett & Oji (2005); Ward (1982); Weller (1930); West & Ward (1990); Wilson (1960); Wu (1980); Yang (1960); Yang et al. (1979). Arch. = ‘Archaic’. Mod. = ‘Modern’.
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