Supplemental Table 1. Study characteristics of the participants in the BPRHS population 1
rs2943641TT (n=79) / CT (n=357) / CC (n=372) / P-value2
Age, y / 58.5 ± 7.82 / 57.7 ± 6.86 / 56.8 ± 7.59 / 0.087
BMI, kg/m2 / 33.0 ± 7.49 / 33.2 ± 6.98 / 32.4 ± 7.02 / 0.267
Waist circumference, cm / 103 ± 16.9 / 102 ± 15.0 / 101 ± 15.8 / 0.675
Current smoker, n (%) / 17 (21.5%) / 70 (19.6%) / 73 (19.6%) / 0.922
Current drinker, n (%) / 30 (38.0%) / 124 (34.7%) / 120 (32.3%) / 0.565
Type 2 diabetes, n (%) / 26 (33.3%) / 142 (40.0%) / 156 (42.5%) / 0.315
Diabetes medication, n (%) / 20 (25.3%) / 119 (33.4%) / 128 (34.7%) / 0.274
Total energy intake, kJ/d / 2210 ± 918 / 2199 ± 1199 / 2079 ± 1056 / 0.297
Circulating 25(OH)D, ng/mL / 17.3 ± 6.71 / 17.6 ± 7.14 / 17.2 ± 6.36 / 0.713
Fasting insulin, ìU/mL(pmol/L) / 14.5 ±10.2
(101 ± 70.8) / 16.8 ± 15.3
(117 ± 106) / 19.2 ± 18.4
(133 ± 128) / 0.05
Fasting glucose, mg/dL (mmol/L) / 117 ± 46
(6.47 ± 2.54) / 118 ± 48
(6.56 ± 2.64) / 124 ± 59
(6.89 ± 3.26) / 0.316
HOMA-IR / 4.14 ± 3.43 / 5.28 ± 6.61 / 6.39 ± 8.69 / 0.041
1 Values are means ± SD, or n (%). 2 different among the three genotypes by ANOVA or Chi-square test; fasting insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR were natural log-transformed to achieve normal distribution before statistical analysis.
Supplemental Table 2. Study characteristics of the participants in the MESA1
Hispanic (rs2673142) / African-American (rs2972144) / Non-Hispanic white (rs1515104)CC (n=62) / CG (n=246) / GG (n=327) / P-value2 / TT (n=44) / CT (n=242) / CC (n=315) / P-value2 / AA (n=118) / AT (n=474) / TT (n=429) / P-value2
Age, y / 61.2 ± 10.9 / 61.5 ± 10.8 / 62.5 ± 10.1 / 0.43 / 60.8 ± 9.62 / 62.5 ± 10.1 / 62.1 ± 10.2 / 0.591 / 62.6 ± 10.7 / 63.4 ± 10.7 / 62.0 ± 10.3 / 0.137
BMI, kg/m2 / 29.6 ± 5.76 / 30.0 ± 5.86 / 30.1 ± 5.67 / 0.837 / 31.2 ± 6.28 / 31.6 ± 6.35 / 31.4 ± 6.60 / 0.889 / 27.4 ± 6.12 / 27.7 ± 5.77 / 27.4 ± 5.81 / 0.791
Waist circumference, cm / 98.4 ± 14.8 / 99.7 ± 14.3 / 101.7 ± 14.2 / 0.117 / 102.3 ± 14.9 / 102.0 ± 15.5 / 101.9 ± 16.1 / 0.981 / 93.8 ± 15.6 / 95.8 ± 16.2 / 94.4 ± 16.3 / 0.319
Current smoker, n (%) / 3 (4.84%) / 27 (11.0%) / 36 (11.0%) / 0.32 / 6 (13.6%) / 38 (15.7%) / 57 (18.1% / 0.637 / 12 (10.2%) / 54 (11.4%) / 47 (11.0%) / 0.926
Current drinker, n (%) / 20 (32.3%) / 82 (33.3%) / 123 (37.6%) / 0.49 / 19 (44.2%) / 104 (43.5%) / 145 (46.8%) / 0.741 / 77 (67.0%) / 313 (66.5%) / 301 (70.5% / 0.411
Type 2 diabetes, n (%) / 15 (24.2%) / 38 (15.5%) / 61 (18.8%) / 0.243 / 9 (20.5%) / 40 (16.5%) / 46 (14.6%) / 0.562 / 4 (3.39%) / 18 (3.80%) / 19 (4.43%) / 0.832
Diabetes medication, n (%) / 13 (21.0%) / 27 (11.0%) / 52 (15.9%) / 0.079 / 8 (18.2%) / 34 (14.1%) / 37 (11.8%) / 0.429 / 3 (2.54%) / 14 (2.95%) / 16 (3.73%) / 0.727
Total energy intake, kJ/d / 1336 ± 803 / 1389 ± 709 / 1486 ± 800 / 0.22 / 1385 ± 658 / 1480 ± 899 / 1480 ± 863 / 0.796 / 1321 ± 588 / 1407 ± 682 / 1339 ± 622 / 0.217
Circulating 25(OH)D, ng/mL / 26.0 ± 23.7 / 25.1 ± 12.6 / 24.1 ± 9.3 / 0.452 / 20.2 ± 9.12 / 18.6 ± 10.3 / 18.4 ± 9.37 / 0.521 / 29.8 ± 9.49 / 30.9 ± 12.7 / 30.5 ± 11.5 / 0.629
Fasting insulin, ìU/mL(pmol/L) / 18.1 ± 56.2
(126 ± 390) / 11.5 ± 7.0
(79.7 ± 48.7) / 11.4 ± 6.7
(79.3 ± 46.4) / 0.988 / 11.6 ± 6.1
(80.5 ± 42.1) / 11.9 ± 15.1
(82.4 ± 105) / 10.4 ± 6.3
(72.2 ± 43.9) / 0.191 / 8.1 ± 5.4
(56.4 ± 37.8) / 8.5 ± 4.6
(58.9 ± 31.9) / 8.6 ± 5.0
(59.9 ± 34.9) / 0.454
Fasting glucose, mg/dL (mmol/L) / 102 ± 40
(5.65±2.21) / 100 ± 31
(5.56 ± 1.71) / 105 ± 42
(5.81 ± 2.32) / 0.501 / 110 ± 51
(6.11 ± 2.81) / 100 ± 35
(5.54 ± 1.95) / 98 ± 32
(5.45 ± 1.80) / 0.157 / 86 ± 12
(4.76 ± 0.67) / 88 ± 15
(4.86 ± 0.82) / 88 ± 15
(4.86 ± 0.86) / 0.435
HOMA-IR / 2.22 ± 2.40 / 2.15 ± 1.89 / 2.18 ± 1.95 / 0.829 / 2.24 ± 1.81 / 2.06 ± 2.83 / 1.85 ± 1.78 / 0.143 / 1.16 ± 1.28 / 1.24 ± 0.98 / 1.29 ± 1.25 / 0.348
1 Values are means ± SD, or n (%). 2 different among the three genotypes by ANOVA or Chi-square test; fasting insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR were natural log-transformed to achieve normal distribution before statistical analysis.
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