Supplemental Materials (to be included on Author’s website)
Contents:
Treatment Schematics for Hypothetical Scenarios
Text of Hypothetical Scenarios – China Study
Text of Hypothetical Scenarios – U.S. Study
Pre-test Questionnaire
Post-test Questionnaire
Treatment Schematics
Scenario 1: Economic Outcome
Positive Economic Outcome / Negative Economic OutcomeEqual
Voting / A / B
Unequal Voting / C / D
Scenario 2: Voice
Positive Electoral Outcome / Negative Electoral OutcomeVoice / A / B
No
Voice / C / D
Scenario 3: Equal Treatment
Positive Electoral Outcome / Negative Electoral OutcomeEqual
Treatment / A / B
Unequal
Treatment / C / D
Scenario 4: Choice
Positive Electoral Outcome / Negative Electoral OutcomeOpen
Nomination / A / B
Closed Nomination
(Mayor – U.S./
Party Branch Secretary – China) / C / D
Hypothetical Scenario Text – China Study
Scenario 1: Economic Outcome
Equal Voting/Positive Economic Outcome (A)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. When you arrive at the polling place, the lines to vote are short and you are able to vote in the election, along with all of the other village residents. Your preferred candidate for the committee chair has been the leader of the committee for several years, and has been successful in increasing the economic prosperity of those in the village. Along with the rest of the village, your small business has prospered in recent years and your personal income has increased. Several hours after voting, you hear that this candidate was re-elected to the committee! In the election, all village residents had an equal opportunity to voice their preferences, and the committee chair was re-elected. You expect the village to continue to prosper economically under his leadership.
Equal Voting/Negative Economic Outcome (B)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. When you arrive at the polling place, the lines to vote are short and you are able to vote in the election, along with all of the other village residents. Your preferred candidate for the committee chair has been the leader of the committee for several years, and has been successful in increasing the economic prosperity of those in the village. Along with the rest of the village, your small business has prospered in recent years and your personal income has increased. Several hours after voting, you hear that this candidate was not re-elected to the committee! In the election, all village residents had an equal opportunity to voice their preferences, but the committee chair was not re-elected. You fear that the village’s economic prosperity will cease without his leadership.
Unequal Voting/Positive Economic Outcome (C)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. You arrive at the polling place on time, but lines to vote are long, and some people get to vote while others do not have a chance to vote before the polling station closes. You are one of the people who does not have a chance to vote. Your preferred candidate for the committee chair has been the leader of the committee for several years, and has been successful in increasing economic prosperity of those in the village. Along with the rest of the village, your small business has prospered in recent years and your personal income has increased. After the election, you hear that this candidate was re-elected to the committee! In the election, not everyone had a chance to vote, but the committee chair was re-elected. You expect the village to continue to prosper economically under his leadership.
Unequal Voting/Negative Economic Outcome (D)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. You arrive at the polling place on time, but lines to vote are long, and some people get to vote while others do not have a chance to vote before the polling station closes. You are one of the people who does not have a chance to vote. Your preferred candidate for the committee chair has been the leader of the committee for several years, and has been successful in increasing the economic prosperity of those in the village. Along with the rest of the village, your small business has prospered in recent years and your personal income has increased. After the election, you hear that this candidate was not re-elected to the committee! In the election, not everyone had a chance to vote, and your candidate was not a winner. You fear that the village’s economic prosperity will cease without his leadership.
Scenario 2: Voice
Voice/Positive Electoral Outcome (A)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. You arrive at the polling station on election day along with most residents of your village to find short lines to vote. After a short wait, you are able to vote and in this way your voice is heard. Several hours after voting, you hear that your preferred candidate was elected to the committee! In this election, you were able to have your voice heard and your candidate was a winner.
Voice/Negative Electoral Outcome (B)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. You arrive at the polling station on election day along with most residents of your village to find short lines to vote. After a short wait, you are able to vote and in this way your voice is heard. Several hours after voting, you hear that your preferred candidate was not elected to the committee! In this election, you were able to have your voice heard, but your candidate was not a winner.
No Voice/Positive Electoral Outcome (C)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. On election day, you arrive at the polling station on time along with most residents of your village to find very long lines to vote. After waiting for several hours, the polling station closes and you are not able to vote. Despite the fact that you are not able to vote for your preferred candidate, you later hear that this candidate was elected to the committee! In this election, you were not able to have your voice heard, but your candidate was a winner.
No Voice/Negative Electoral Outcome (D)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. On election day, you arrive at the polling station on time along with most residents of your village to find very long lines to vote. After waiting for several hours, the polling station closes and you are not able to vote. In addition to the fact that you could not vote, the candidate you had planned on voting for was not elected to the committee! In this election, you were not able to have your voice heard and your candidate was not a winner.
Scenario 3: Equal Treatment
Equal Treatment/Positive Electoral Outcome (A)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. When you arrive at the polling station, you and every other voter are provided a single ballot. Several hours after voting, you hear that your preferred candidate was elected to the committee! In the election, each voter had an equal opportunity to vote, and your candidate was a winner.
Equal Treatment/Negative Electoral Outcome (B)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. When you arrive at the polling station, you and every other voter are provided a single ballot. Several hours after voting, you hear that your preferred candidate was not elected to the committee! In the election, each voter had an equal opportunity to vote, but your candidate was not a winner.
Unequal Treatment/Positive Electoral Outcome (C)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. When you arrive at the polling station, you notice that some village residents are provided more than one ballot while others are only provided one ballot. You are provided only one ballot. Several hours after voting, you hear that your preferred candidate was elected to the committee! Although some village residents had more votes than others, your candidate was a winner in the election.
Unequal Treatment/Negative Electoral Outcome (D)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. When you arrive at the polling station, you notice that some village residents are provided more than one ballot while others are only provided one ballot. You are provided only one ballot. Several hours after voting, you hear that your preferred candidate was not elected to the committee! In the election, some village residents had more votes than others, and your candidate was not a winner.
Scenario 4: Choice
Open Nomination/Positive Electoral Outcome (A)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. The candidates for the village committee were selected through the open sea method, in which any villager could nominate a candidate at the mass assembly. After the election, you hear that your preferred candidate was elected to the committee! In this election, candidates were chosen by villagers and your preferred candidate was elected.
Open Nomination/Negative Electoral Outcome (B)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. The candidates for the village committee were selected through the open sea method, in which any villager could nominate a candidate at the mass assembly. After the election, you hear that your preferred candidate was not elected to the committee! In this election, candidates were chosen by villagers but your preferred candidate was elected.
Party Branch Secretary Nomination/Positive Electoral Outcome (C)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. The candidates for the village committee were selected by the party branch, so that the party secretary nominated all of the candidates and announced the candidates at the mass assembly. After the election, you hear that your preferred candidate was elected to the committee! In this election, candidates were chosen by the party branch and your preferred candidate was elected.
Party Branch Secretary Nomination/Negative Electoral Outcome (D)
Imagine you are voting in your village committee election. The candidates for the village committee were selected by the party branch, so that the party secretary nominated all of the candidates and announced the candidates at the mass assembly. After the election, you hear that your preferred candidate was not elected to the committee! In this election, candidates were chosen by the party branch and your preferred candidate was not elected.
Hypothetical Scenario Text – U.S. Study
Scenario 1: Economic Outcome
Equal Voting/Positive Electoral Outcome (A)
Imagine you are voting in your city council election. When you arrive at the polling place, the lines to vote are short and you are able to vote in the election, along with all of the other voters. Your preferred candidate has been on the city council for several years, and has been influential in improving the economy of the city. Along with the rest of the city, your small business has prospered in recent years and your personal income has increased. Several hours after voting, you hear that this candidate was re-elected to the council! In the election, all voters had an equal opportunity to voice their preferences, and your preferred candidate was elected. You expect the city to continue to prosper economically under his leadership.
Equal Voting/Negative Electoral Outcome (B)
Imagine you are voting in your city council election. When you arrive at the polling place, the lines to vote are short and you are able to vote in the election, along with all of the other voters. Your preferred candidate has been on the city council for several years, and has been influential in improving the economy of the city. Along with the rest of the city, your small business has prospered in recent years and your personal income has increased. Several hours after voting, you hear that this candidate was not re-elected to the council! In the election, all voters had an equal opportunity to voice their preferences, but your preferred candidate was not elected. You expect the economy of the city to decline without his leadership.
Unequal Voting/Positive Electoral Outcome (C)
Imagine you are voting in your city council election. You arrive at the polling place on time, but lines to vote are long, and some people get to vote while others do not have a chance to vote before the polling station closes. You are one of the people who does not have a chance to vote. Your preferred candidate has been on the city council for several years, and has been influential in improving the economy of the city. Along with the rest of the city, your small business has prospered in recent years and your personal income has increased. After the election, you hear that this candidate was re-elected to the council! In the election, not everyone had a chance to vote, but your preferred candidate was elected. You expect the city to continue to prosper economically under his leadership.
Unequal Voting/Negative Electoral Outcome (D)
Imagine you are voting in your city council election. You arrive at the polling place on time, but lines to vote are long, and some people get to vote while others do not have a chance to vote before the polling station closes. You are one of the people who does not have a chance to vote. Your preferred candidate has been on the city council for several years, and has been influential in improving the economy of the city. Along with the rest of the city, your small business has prospered in recent years and your personal income has increased. After the election, you hear that this candidate was not re-elected to the council! In the election, not everyone had a chance to vote, and your candidate was not a winner. You expect the economy of the city to decline without his leadership.
Scenario 2: Voice
Voice/Positive Electoral Outcome (A)
Imagine you are voting in your city council election. You arrive at the polling station on election day along with most residents of your city to find short lines to vote. After a short wait, you are able to vote and in this way your voice is heard. Several hours after voting, you hear that your preferred candidate was elected to the council! In this election, you were able to have your voice heard and your candidate was a winner.
Voice/Negative Electoral Outcome (B)
Imagine you are voting in your city council election. You arrive at the polling station on election day along with most residents of your city to find short lines to vote. After a short wait, you are able to vote and in this way your voice is heard. Several hours after voting, you hear that your preferred candidate was not elected to the council! In this election, you were able to have your voice heard, but your candidate was not a winner.
No Voice/Positive Electoral Outcome (C)
Imagine you are voting in your city council election. On election day, you arrive at the polling station on time along with most residents of your city to find very long lines to vote. After waiting for several hours, the polling station closes and you are not able to vote. Despite the fact that you are not able to vote for your preferred candidate, you later hear that this candidate was elected to the council! In this election, you were not able to have your voice heard, but your candidate was a winner.
No Voice/Negative Electoral Outcome (D)
Imagine you are voting in your city council election. On election day, you arrive at the polling station on time along with most residents of your city to find very long lines to vote. After waiting for several hours, the polling station closes and you are not able to vote. In addition to the fact that you could not vote, the candidate you had planned on voting for was not elected to the council! In this election, you were not able to have your voice heard and your candidate was not a winner.
Scenario 3: Equal Treatment
Equal Treatment/Positive Electoral Outcome (A)
Imagine you are voting in your city council election. When you arrive at the polling station, you and every other voter are provided a single ballot. Several hours after voting, you hear that your preferred candidate was elected to the council! In the election, each voter had an equal opportunity to vote, and your candidate was a winner.