Supplemental Instructionleader: Taylor Thomas

Supplemental InstructionLeader: Taylor Thomas

BIOL/GEN 313Instructors: Myers & Vollbrecht

Iowa State UniversityDate: 5/1/16

Exam 5 Review

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Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology

1. What the purpose of a restriction enzyme? What two kinds of ends can be left from a cut by a restriction enzyme?

1. What does ligase do?

1. Explain how gel electrophoresis works.

1. What is a Southern Blot? What is a probe? What does it mean to “label” the probe?

1. What are the two ways discussed in class to copy a DNA fragment?

1. What are the three key features of cloning vectors? What are the three steps in plasmid cloning?

1. What are the necessary components for PCR? What are the three steps of PCR?

1. What is the difference of rt-PCR and RT-PCR?

1. How is a genomic DNA library different than a cDNA library?

1. What information can be gained from in-situ hybridization?

1. How does Sanger sequencing work? What is a dideoxynucleotide?

1. What is Next Gen sequencing?

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Genomics and Proteomics

1. What is the difference between map-based sequencing and whole genome shotgun sequencing?

1. What is the difference between a physical map and a genetic map? In general, which map is more accurate and provides greater resolution?

1. What approaches did the Human Genome Project use?

1. What is a copy-number variation?

1. What is metagenomics?

1. What is a transcriptome?

1. What is a proteome?

1. What is the difference between an ortholog and a paralog?

1. What is a microarray?

1. How does proteomics use mass spectrometry?

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Quantitative Genetics

1. How does a quantitative characteristic differ from a discontinuous characteristic?

1. What is polygenic inheritance?

1. What is a meristic trait?

1. Assume that plant weight is determined by a pair of alleles at each of two independently assorting loci (A and a, B and b) that are additive in their effects. Further assume that each allele represented by an uppercase letter contributes 4 g to weight and that each allele represented by a lowercase letter contributes 1 g to weight.

a.) If a plant with genotype AA BB is crossed with a plant with the genotype aa bb, what weights are expected in the F1 progeny?

b.) What is the distribution of weight expected in the F2 progeny?

1. In a cross involving quantitative inheritance, only 2/125 of the offspring (F2) were as extreme as one of the P1 parents. How many gene pairs are likely involved?

1. What is the relationship between the mean, standard deviation, and variance?

1. Ten male Harvard students were weighed in 1916. Their weights are given here in kilograms.Calculate the variance for these weights.
   45, 69, 69, 57, 61, 57, 75, 88, 68, 61
   

1. What are the three components of phenotypic variance Vp?

1. What are the three components of genetic variance VG?

1. What is broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability?

1. What is the response to selection and selection differential?

1. What is realized heritability?

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Population Genetics

1. What is genotypic frequency? What is allele frequency?

1. What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? What are the assumptions with H-W?

1. What is the H-W equation for allele frequency? What is the H-W equation for genotypic frequency?

1. In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of allele A is 0.9 and the frequency of allele a is 0.1. What proportion of individuals exhibit the dominant phenotype?

1. If a recessive disease is found in 50 out of 100,000 individuals, what is the frequency of the heterozygote carriers for this disease?

1. What is the definition of evolution? How is this related to H-W?

1. What are the four evolutionary forces? Describe each.