Supplemental information accompanying the Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology paper:

Reproductive competition and inbreeding avoidance in a primate species with habitual female dispersal

by Linda Vigilant1, Justin Roy, Brenda J. Bradley, Colin J. Stoneking, Martha M. Robbins, Tara S. Stoinski

1Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany

Table S1Paternity assignments for 97 offspring conceived between 1985 and2008 in Karisoke mountain gorilla groups monitored by researchers

Group / Offspring / Mother / Conception Date / Potential Sires (N) / Father
Beetsme's / 1 / KUY / PAP / 4-Dec-85 / 2 / tit
2 / JOA / FUD / 13-Jun-87 / 2 / BEE
3 / UMC / TUC / 12-Dec-88 / 2 / tit
BWE / GIN / 10-Jul-89 / 2 / TIT*
UBI / JEN / 19-Oct-89 / 2 / TIT*
4 / PAS / PAP / 20-Jul-90 / 2 / TIT
5 / KIR / MAW / 18-Dec-90 / 2 / bee
6 / RAN / FUD / 29-Nov-91 / 2 / TIT
7 / VUB / TUC / 16-Dec-92 / 2 / TIT
8 / BKA / PAP / 21-Oct-93 / 3 / TIT
9 / IZZ / GIN / 25-Oct-93 / 3 / TIT
10 / TZE / JEN / 16-Dec-93 / 3 / TIT
11 / DSR / TUC / 12-Nov-96 / 5 / TIT
12 / GUF / PAP / 1-Jan-98 / 7 / TIT
13 / TRK / JEN / 26-Jan-98 / 7 / TIT
14 / ISR / MAW / 4-Sep-98 / 7 / TIT
15 / TAR / FUD / 19-Sep-98 / 7 / TIT
16 / PTO / SHA / 8-May-99 / 8 / TIT
17 / URS / TUC / 24-Jul-00 / 9 / TIT
18 / IKZ / PAP / 7-Apr-01 / 9 / TIT
19 / TAY / MAW / 1-Feb-02 / 9 / TIT
20 / IGZ / MHW / 16-Aug-02 / 9 / vub
21 / TET / UKU / 27-Jan-03 / 9 / bwe
IHU / BKA / 21-Apr-05 / 7 / bwe
HAG / MHW / 19-Mar-07 / 6 / vub
Kuryama's / DUK / TEK / 22-May-08 / 8 / vub
Bwenge's / RIB / NTO / 7-Apr-07 / 1 / BWE
RAM / GIN / 8-Aug-07 / 1 / BWE
Isabukuru's / KEZ / ISR / 7-Jul-08 / 2 / ISA
Group 5 / 22 / GWI / LIZ / 7-Feb-87 / 4 / ZIZ
23 / UGE / WAL / 7-Feb-87 / 4 / ZIZ
24 / INS / SIM / 25-May-87 / 4 / ZIZ
25 / MAK / PUC / 8-Dec-88 / 4 / ZIZ
26 / KUB / PAN / 24-Jun-89 / 4 / ZIZ
27 / UGU / KWR / 2-Feb-90 / 4 / pab
28 / TUR / PTY / 6-Jul-90 / 4 / ZIZ
29 / URU / KBY / 29-Sep-90 / 4 / ZIZ
30 / NAH / WAL / 26-Jun-91 / 4 / ZIZ
31 / TWI / SIM / 26-Aug-91 / 4 / ZIZ
32 / ISA / PUC / 31-Jan-92 / 4 / ZIZ
33 / MNZ / UMW / 3-Jul-92 / 4 / pab
34 / UKU / MAH / 19-Jan-93 / 4 / pab
Pablo's / MAP / UMU / 20-Dec-93 / 4 / PAB*
MHW / BSH / 25-Dec-93 / 4 / PAB*
GIR / CYI / 12-Feb-94 / 4 / PAB*
RUK / MAG / 25-Feb-94 / 4 / PAB*
GIC / PTY / 29-Aug-94 / 4 / CAN*
MIT / MUK / 3-Sep-95 / 4 / CAN*
TAM / GUT / 13-Sep-95 / 4 / CAN*
BKR / MUD / 26-Sep-95 / 4 / CAN*
GSH / UMW / 24-Dec-95 / 4 / CAN*
35 / TWH / MAH / 9-Aug-96 / 4 / CAN
36 / MSK / UMU / 20-Jul-97 / 4 / CAN
37 / KRB / INT / 21-Jan-98 / 4 / CAN
38 / KBH / BSH / 29-Jan-98 / 4 / CAN
39 / MAF / PUC / 6-Oct-98 / 5 / CAN
40 / RUH / UMW / 2-Feb-99 / 5 / CAN
41 / TEK / NZE / 3-Mar-99 / 5 / CAN
42 / UME / MUK / 2-Jul-99 / 4 / CAN
43 / AFR / MAG / 9-Aug-99 / 4 / CAN
44 / IRA / GIN / 23-Aug-99 / 4 / CAN
45 / URG / NTO / 15-Oct-99 / 5 / CAN
46 / FAI / CYI / 29-Jan-00 / 6 / CAN
47 / KOM / MAH / 30-Mar-00 / 6 / CAN
48 / IYA / UMC / 31-Mar-00 / 6 / CAN
49 / UGW / GUT / 25-Apr-00 / 6 / CAN
50 / ISH / GIT / 26-Oct-00 / 6 / pab
51 / KBN / BSH / 25-Sep-01 / 6 / CAN
52 / NDW / PUC / 15-Jun-02 / 10 / CAN
53 / TMS / MAK / 13-Jul-02 / 10 / umr
54 / DUS / INT / 6-Oct-02 / 9 / CAN
55 / CUM / MAH / 24-Jul-03 / 9 / CAN
56 / ICY / NTO / 2-Oct-03 / 10 / umr
57 / ISU / MUK / 18-Nov-03 / 10 / pab
58 / TOB / GUT / 19-Feb-04 / 10 / CAN
59 / IMH / TAM / 10-Mar-05 / 12 / isa
60 / UBZ / MIT / 20-Mar-05 / 12 / isa
61 / HEB / UMC / 30-Aug-05 / 12 / CAN
62 / NGU / BKR / 10-May-06 / 14 / isa
63 / RWE / UMU / 11-Jan-07 / 14 / gic
Inshuti's / RUS / TAR / 20-Aug-08 / 1 / INS
Shinda's / 64 / WAG / KWR / 21-May-94 / 3 / SHI
65 / KAN / KBY / 7-Dec-94 / 3 / SHI
66 / KRD / WAL / 12-Aug-95 / 5 / SHI
67 / TBK / PAN / 19-Sep-97 / 6 / SHI
68 / IMN / KWR / 3-Dec-98 / 7 / SHI
69 / TEG / KUB / 12-Feb-99 / 7 / nta
70 / UMZ / PAS / 26-Dec-00 / 9 / SHI
71 / KRN / NAH / 1-Dec-01 / 9 / nta
72 / KUN / KUB / 19-Oct-02 / 9 / SHI
73 / KNA / KBY / 16-Dec-02 / 9 / SHI
74 / FAT / KWR / 16-Apr-03 / 10 / uge
75 / KBZ / PAS / 22-Oct-04 / 8 / SHI
76 / ITE / KRD / 16-Sep-05 / 7 / uge
77 / IYO / KUB / 27-Oct-05 / 7 / uge
78 / UBK / KAN / 14-Jul-06 / 8 / uge
79 / BIZ / BSH / 7-May-07 / 8 / SHI

An asterisk indicates that the dominance status is uncertain due to limited observation. For offspring with more than one potential sire, father IDs are in upper or lower case correspondingto dominant or subordinate social status, respectively. Numbered offspring wereconceived in long-term stable groups containing multiple silverback and blackback males of known dominance status and these offspring form the basis for the analyses.