Name:

Summary Sheets: Body in Action

Movement

What is the function of the skeleton

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Joins are found between bones and allow movement. There are two types of joints- ball and socket and hinge. Write down the planes of movement for each type of joint and a labeled diagram of both joints

Hinge joint

Planes on movement:

Ball and socket joint

Planes of movement:

State the functions of the following parts of a joint

Joint structure / Function
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Cartilage
ligaments
tendons

What two things is bone made of? And how is bone formed?

Bone is made of______

Bone is formed by ______

Describe and explain the difference between tendons and ligaments.

______

Describe how movement is brought about by muscle contraction. ______

With the aid of a diagram explain the need for opposing muscles at a joint. ______

The need for energy

Energy input must equal energy output. If it does not then a person will put on weight (if input is greater than output) or loose weight (if output is greater than input).

The lungs- what two gases are exchanged in the lungs?

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Label the following diagram of the respiratory system

Describe the mechanism of breathing.

Inhalation –

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Exhalation –

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Fill in the table about the function of structure in the respiratory tract.

Structure / Function
Cilia
Mucus
cartilage

Draw and label an alveoli and surrounding blood vessels, indicating the movement of gases between the two.

What features of the lungs make them efficient at gas exchange?

Feature / Why it makes lungs efficient

Describe the blood flow through the heart using a flow diagram.

Label the heart diagram with the four chambers and the positions of the valves present in the heart.

What do valves do? ______

The left side of the heart is thicker, why? ______

What vessel supplies the heart with blood? ______

Fill in the sequence about the movement of blood in vessels.

What does pulse indicate? ______

Fill in the table about the functions of the different components of blood.

Component of blood / Function
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
platelets

Where is hemoglobin found and what does it do?

Where found: ______

What it does: ______

Draw and label a diagram showing the movement of substances between capillaries and body tissues.

What features of the capillaries make them efficient at nutrient exchange?

Feature / Why it makes capillaries efficient

Co-ordination

Label the diagram of the eye.

Fill in the table of the functions of structures of the eye.

Structure / Function
Optic nerve
Iris
Len
Retina
Cornea

Judgment of distance is more accurate using two eyes than one. Explain why. ______

Label the diagram of the ear.

Fill in the table of the functions of structures of the ear.

Structure / Function
Middle ear bones
Eardrum
Cochlea
Auditory nerve
Semi circular canals

Judgment of direction of sound is more accurate using two ears than one. Explain why. ______

Explain how the semi circular canals are arranged and how this is related to their function

Arrangement: ______

Why they are arranged this way ______

Nervous system. The nervous system consists for nerves, bran and spinal cord. Nerves carry information from the senses to the central nervous system and from the central nervous system to the muscles.

Draw and label a diagram showing how a reflex reaction works and describe the process below

Process: ______

What is the purpose of a reflex reaction? ______

The central nervous system consists of the spinal cord and brain, it sorts out information from the senses and send messages to those muscles near where the sensory information came from to make the appropriate response.

Label the following diagram and write down the function of the three main area of the brain.

Changing levels of performance

Fatigue

What type of movement causes muscle fatigue? ______

What chemicals/processes in muscle cells cause fatigue? ______

Why does pulse rate and breathing rate increase during exercise? ______

Make a comparison of pulse rate, breathing rate and lactic acid level between an athlete and an untrained person.

Pulse rate: ______

Breathing rate: ______

Lactic acid level: ______

What is recovery time? ______

How can recover time be used as an indication of physical fitness? ______

Explain the effects of training and recovery time. ______

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