DoD 2005.1-M

AUSTRALIA

SUMMARY OF CLAIMS

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TYPE / DATE / SOURCE / LIMITS / NOTES

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TERRITORIAL SEA / 1901 / Common Law / 3nm
Feb 83 / Proclamation of Feb. 4, 1983 / Various / Limits of certain islands fixed in the Torres Strait Treaty.
Nov 90 / Seas & Submerged Lands Act / 12 nm / Certain islands cited in Seas and Submerged Lands Act, 1983, are excepted.
Aug 94 / Maritime Legislation Amendment Act of 1994 / Amendment to the Seas and Submerged Lands Act of 1973.

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ARCHIPELAGIC, STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS / Oct 67 / Ministerial Statement / Established closing lines for all bays up to 24nm in width. Claimed as historic bays, Shark Bay, St. Vincent Gulf and Spencer Gulf.
Dec 73 / Seas and Submerged Lands Act / Enabling legislation for straight baselines.
Feb 83 / Proclamation / Straight baselines established for the coasts of the mainland, Tasmania, and islands off the coasts of the states and Northern Territory; outer limits of territorial sea established for certain islands within Queensland.
Mar 87 / Proclamation / Established straight baselines and declared Anxious Bay, Encounter Bay, Lacepede Bay and Rivoli Bay as historic bays.
U.S. does not recognize these historic bay claims. Diplomatic protest made in 1991.

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CONTIGUOUS ZONE / Dec 83 / Customs Amendment Act 1982 / 12nm / Customs control over ships and aircraft.
Aug 94 / Maritime Legislation Amendment Act 1994 / 24nm

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CONTINENTAL SHELF / Sep 53 / Proclamation / Did not affect character of high seas outside limits of territorial sea.
Nov 67 / Petroleum (Submerged lands) Act (No. 118) / 1958 DEF
Nov 67 / Petroleum Act / Applied Act No. 118 to Ashmore and Cartier Islands.
Apr 70 / Continental Shelf (Living Natural Resources) Act 1968 / Regulated the taking of sedentary organisms on the continental shelf.
Dec 73 / Seas and Submerged Lands Act / 1958 DEF

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TYPE / DATE / SOURCE / LIMITS / NOTES

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CONTINENTAL SHELF (Cont.) / Jun 82 / Off-shore Installations (Misc. Amendments Act 1982) / Applies customs, quarantine, immigration and certain other laws to off-shore installations.
Aug 94 / Maritime Legislation Amendment Act of 1994 / 200nm/CM / Amendment to the Seas and Submerged Lands Act of 1973.

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FISHING/EEZ ZONE / Oct 53 / Pearl Fisheries Act 1952-1953 / 100 fthms
May 60 / Whaling Act / Regulated whaling in Australian waters.
Nov 67 / Fisheries Act (1952-1975) / 12nm
Nov 79 / Fisheries Amendment Act (1978-81) / 200nm / Exclusive fishing zone.
Oct 81 / Whale Protection Act 1980 / 200nm / Prohibited the taking of cetaceans in fishing zone except by permit.
Oct 83 / Diplomatic Note / Regulations for conduct of scientific research in fishing zone and territorial sea and on continental shelf.
Dec 84 / Environment Protection Regulations (Amendment) / Extends operation of the Environment Protection (Dumping) Act of 1981 throughout fishing zone.
Aug 94 / Maritime Legislation Amendment Act 1994 / 200nm / Amendment to the Seas and Submerged Lands Act of 1973.
EEZ; includes claim to EEZ from claimed Antarctic territory.
This claim to Antarctic territory EEZ is not recognized by the U.S. U.S. protested claim in 1994.

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ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION / Apr 65 / Pollution of the Sea by Oil Act (1960-1965) / Implemented 1954 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil.
Sep 67 / Navigation Act (1912-1967) / Did not apply to military vessels.
Nov 70 / Navigation Act / Prevention of pollution by oil in Australian coastal waters and reefs.
Nov 91 / IMO Resolution / Identified Great Barrier Reef as a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA).


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TYPE / DATE / SOURCE / LIMITS / NOTES

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ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION
(Cont.) / Dec 95 / IMO Resolution / Ship reporting system for Torres Strait region and the Inner Route of the Great Barrier Reef. EIF January 1, 1997.
Ship reporting system between longitude 141°45'E and 143°45'E, centered on 10°S latitude, including the Endeavour Strait, and the waters of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) between the Australian coast and the outer edge of the GBR, from the latitude of Cape York (10°40'S) southwards to 22°S.
Compulsory pilotage rules in northern section of Inner Route (Cape York to Cairns) and in Hydrographers Passage.
These measures do not apply to sovereign immune vessels.

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MARITIME BOUNDARIES / Nov 73 / Agreement (2) / Continental shelf boundary agreements (includes Papua New Guinea with Indonesia and Arafura Sea, Timor) EIF.
Feb 82 / Agreement / Fisheries agreement with Indonesia EIF.
Jan 83 / Agreement / Maritime boundary agreement with France (Coral Sea and Indian Ocean).
Feb 85 / Agreement / Torres Strait treaty with Papua New Guinea EIF.
Sep 88 / Agreement / Certain sea and seabed boundary agreement signed with Solomon Islands.
Feb 91 / Agreement / Treaty with Indonesia on the Zone of Cooperation in the "Timor Gap" EIF.
Mar 97 / Agreement / Maritime Boundary Agreement signed with Indonesia.

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LOS CONVENTION / Dec 82 / Signed.
Oct 94 / Ratified Convention and Part XI Agreement.

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STRAIGHT BASELINE LEGISLATION

The comprehensive Australian straight baseline system is contained in two Proclamations of the Commonwealth of Australia of 4 February 1983. The Proclamations first present textual material giving guidelines and definitions, followed by coordinates for the straight baseline systems of the following areas: coast of the mainland of Australia; coast of the mainland of Tasmania; islands off the coasts of the states and the Northern Territory; and other islands including those within Queensland. Following are extracts from the Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, No. S29.9 of 9 February 1983, providing the coordinates of the straight baseline systems of the above areas.


TABLE 2-7

AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM

AUSTRALIAN STRAIGHT BASELINE SYSTEM /
(1) COAST OF THE MAINLAND OF AUSTRALIA
Point / Latitude South / Longitude East
o ' " (S)o ' " (E) o ' " (S) o ' " (E)
1 / 32 44 35 152 11 08 32 44 28 152 11 29
2 / 32 44 28 152 11 29 32 44 30 152 11 53
3 / 32 44 30 152 11 53 32 44 37 152 12 16
4 / 32 44 37 152 12 16 32 44 47 152 12 23
5 / 32 44 47 152 12 23 32 44 57 152 12 17
6 / 32 44 57 152 12 17 32 45 06 152 12 13
7 / 32 45 06 152 12 13 32 45 19 152 11 14
8 / 32 45 19 152 11 14 32 45 28 152 10 41
9 / 32 45 28 152 10 41 32 45 52 152 10 17
10 / 32 45 52 152 10 17 32 46 01 152 09 37
11 / 32 46 01 152 09 37 32 46 12 152 09 04
12 / 32 46 12 152 09 04 32 46 13 152 08 38
13 / 32 46 13 152 08 38 32 47 10 152 07 24
14 / 36 43 35 149 59 26 36 43 50 149 59 24
15 / 36 43 50 149 59 24 36 45 20 149 58 58
16 / 36 45 20 149 58 58 36 45 57 149 58 48
17 / 36 45 57 149 58 48 36 46 13 149 58 41
18 / 36 46 13 149 58 41 36 46 52 149 58 23
19 / 36 46 52 149 58 23 36 47 16 149 58 08
20 / 36 47 16 149 58 08 36 47 35 149 57 43
21 / 39 08 20 146 22 22 39 08 32 146 22 02
22 / 39 08 32 146 22 02 39 09 35 146 18 50
23 / 39 09 37 146 18 40 39 09 39 146 17 38
24 / 39 09 35 146 17 30 39 07 08 146 14 08
25 / 39 06 59 146 13 58 39 05 13 146 13 26
26 / 39 04 21 146 13 15 39 01 25 146 14 07
27 / 39 01 20 146 14 08 38 59 45 146 14 41
28 / 38 59 43 146 14 43 38 59 42 146 14 51
29 / 35 38 41 138 31 19 35 45 38 138 18 10
30 / 35 45 38 138 18 10 35 46 39 138 17 34
31 / 35 46 53 138 17 26 35 47 06 138 17 20
32 / 35 47 15 138 17 09 35 50 42 138 07 57
33 / 35 53 15 136 31 58 34 57 12 135 37 22
34 / 34 57 12 135 37 22 34 56 54 135 37 24
35 / 32 54 23 134 03 32 32 43 36 133 57 46
36 / 32 43 36 133 57 46 32 35 11 133 17 04
37 / 32 34 55 133 16 44 32 33 48 133 16 35
38 / 32 33 48 133 16 35 32 30 54 133 15 02
39 / 32 30 28 133 14 52 32 13 31 133 06 37
40 / 32 13 31 133 06 37 32 08 45 132 59 19
41 / 32 08 40 132 59 17 32 07 37 132 58 43
42 / 32 07 37 132 58 43 32 01 52 132 28 16
43 / 33 58 52 123 17 10 34 00 57 123 17 30
44 / 34 01 30 123 17 25 34 03 15 123 15 27
45 / 34 03 15 123 15 27 34 04 20 123 14 10
46 / 34 04 20 123 14 10 34 06 27 123 12 52
47 / 34 07 13 123 12 20 34 09 59 123 08 45
48 / 34 09 55 123 08 00 34 07 54 122 50 43
49 / 34 07 54 122 50 43 34 11 58 122 29 42
50 / 34 11 58 122 29 42 34 12 44 122 20 48
51 / 34 12 44 122 20 48 34 13 33 122 08 49
52 / 34 13 33 122 08 49 34 14 00 122 03 52
53 / 34 14 00 122 03 52 34 10 51 121 56 32
54 / 34 10 51 121 56 32 34 02 38 121 36 13
55 / 34 02 38 121 36 13 33 52 26 121 20 39
56 / 33 52 26 121 20 39 33 51 06 121 15 56
57 / 32 22 15 115 42 42 32 21 16 115 41 11
58 / 32 21 16 115 41 11 32 19 55 115 41 22
59 / 32 19 55 115 41 22 32 19 23 115 41 15
60 / 32 19 23 115 41 15 32 18 18 115 41 16
61 / 32 18 18 115 41 16 32 16 21 115 41 03
62 / 32 15 56 115 41 04 32 14 44 115 40 44
63 / 32 09 20 115 39 27 32 07 20 115 39 23
64 / 32 07 20 115 39 23 32 04 03 115 38 00
65 / 32 04 03 115 38 00 32 01 47 115 31 39
66 / 31 59 27 115 32 28 31 56 22 115 45 10
67 / 26 08 42 113 09 26 26 07 28 113 10 48
68 / 25 28 52 112 58 11 25 16 33 113 04 23
69 / 24 59 36 113 06 56 24 59 14 113 07 02
70 / 24 45 30 113 09 10 24 45 07 113 09 32
71 / 24 44 58 113 09 35 24 29 32 113 24 22
72 / 21 46 56 114 09 33 21 43 17 114 17 43
73 / 21 39 38 114 20 38 21 39 02 114 20 55
74 / 21 37 19 114 23 30 21 35 57 114 30 25
75 / 21 35 57 114 30 25 21 31 51 114 44 54
76 / 21 30 50 114 45 57 21 15 11 115 01 21
77 / 21 15 11 115 01 21 20 58 29 115 19 28
78 / 20 56 54 115 18 31 20 56 24 115 18 57
79 / 20 53 49 115 19 10 20 53 37 115 19 12
80 / 20 40 01 115 26 08 20 34 07 115 26 31
81 / 20 34 07 115 26 31 20 26 06 115 29 58
82 / 20 26 06 115 29 58 20 21 56 115 31 41
83 / 20 22 07 115 32 17 20 22 43 115 33 28
84 / 20 24 20 115 35 05 20 28 36 116 32 08
85 / 20 28 36 116 32 08 20 26 33 116 36 51
86 / 20 26 33 116 36 51 20 21 19 116 49 49
87 / 20 25 24 116 57 30 20 25 55 117 04 04
88 / 20 26 20 117 06 09 20 32 55 117 10 35
89 / 20 32 55 117 10 35 20 34 43 117 11 59
90 / 20 34 43 117 11 59 20 37 58 117 12 12
91 / 16 23 40 122 55 27 16 23 10 122 55 15
92 / 16 23 07 122 55 25 16 16 40 123 03 33
93 / 16 16 40 123 03 33 16 02 46 123 16 14
94 / 16 02 02 123 18 42 15 52 34 123 37 56
95 / 15 51 52 123 38 24 15 51 02 123 40 15
96 / 15 51 02 123 40 15 15 20 20 124 10 59
97 / 15 20 20 124 10 59 15 12 49 124 15 26
98 / 15 12 49 124 15 26 15 02 46 124 19 16
99 / 15 02 46 124 19 16 14 59 14 124 31 58
100 / 14 59 14 124 31 58 14 51 43 124 42 23
101 / 14 51 43 124 42 23 14 30 42 124 55 02
102 / 14 30 42 124 55 02 14 24 31 124 57 17
103 / 14 23 05 124 58 20 14 17 16 125 12 28
104 / 14 17 16 125 12 28 14 14 30 125 19 11
105 / 14 14 30 125 19 11 14 06 04 125 33 13
106 / 14 06 03 125 33 14 13 55 19 125 37 06
107 / 13 55 19 125 37 06 13 48 09 125 47 55
108 / 13 48 09 125 47 55 13 44 13 126 08 49
109 / 13 44 13 126 08 49 13 44 48 126 20 58
110 / 13 44 48 126 20 58 13 47 41 126 35 23
111 / 13 47 41 126 35 23 13 43 56 126 46 27
112 / 14 52 41 129 01 35 14 25 45 129 21 04
113 / 12 40 14 130 20 53 11 49 32 130 02 55
114 / 11 20 49 130 15 02 11 10 15 130 22 18
115 / 11 11 20 131 16 40 11 09 21 131 51 45
116 / 11 09 21 131 51 45 11 07 17 131 58 06
117 / 11 07 24 132 08 05 11 06 47 132 11 19
118 / 11 06 47 132 11 19 11 05 57 132 17 20
119 / 11 05 57 132 17 20 11 01 18 132 27 21
120 / 10 58 12 132 35 34 10 58 03 132 49 11
121 / 10 58 05 132 49 53 11 01 57 132 58 15
122 / 11 05 35 132 59 42 11 10 13 132 55 32
123 / 11 10 13 132 55 32 11 19 59 132 54 57
124 / 11 56 59 134 44 51 11 54 31 135 01 43
125 / 11 55 33 135 07 13 11 54 46 135 08 28
126 / 11 54 25 135 09 09 11 57 03 135 35 34
127 / 11 45 18 135 52 29 11 40 52 135 57 05
128 / 11 38 17 136 01 13 11 37 20 136 01 33
129 / 11 37 20 136 01 33 11 37 05 136 01 50
130 / 11 37 05 136 01 50 11 35 39 136 04 23
131 / 11 34 59 136 05 05 11 33 45 136 06 15
132 / 11 32 38 136 07 14 11 28 26 136 25 45
133 / 11 28 26 136 25 45 11 24 54 136 28 53
134 / 11 24 54 136 28 53 11 23 30 136 29 46
135 / 11 02 27 136 43 24 11 02 04 136 43 40
136 / 11 01 38 136 43 50 11 00 32 136 44 06
137 / 11 00 24 136 45 41 11 01 30 136 45 58
138 / 11 01 30 136 45 58 11 01 42 136 45 56
139 / 11 02 04 136 46 00 11 39 19 136 50 14
140 / 11 39 19 136 50 14 12 01 55 136 53 00
141 / 12 01 55 136 53 00 12 20 35 136 58 41
142 / 12 30 27 136 48 15 12 30 31 136 48 20
143 / 12 30 40 136 48 27 12 30 56 136 48 39
144 / 12 31 04 136 48 42 12 34 59 136 46 37
145 / 12 35 11 136 46 20 12 35 15 136 46 13
146 / 12 35 29 136 45 56 12 43 12 136 43 53
147 / 12 43 12 136 43 53 12 44 46 136 43 29
148 / 12 44 46 136 43 29 12 46 49 136 43 23
149 / 12 46 49 136 43 23 12 52 59 136 43 48
150 / 12 53 23 136 43 47 13 00 21 136 40 04
151 / 13 00 21 136 40 04 13 37 34 136 57 35
152 / 13 37 43 136 57 43 13 37 44 136 57 44
153 / 13 37 47 136 57 45 13 48 29 136 55 27
154 / 13 48 29 136 55 27 14 10 21 136 59 01
155 / 14 10 21 136 59 01 14 13 15 136 58 46
156 / 14 13 15 136 58 46 14 15 36 136 59 03
157 / 14 15 53 136 59 00 14 18 06 136 57 52
158 / 14 18 06 136 57 52 14 20 56 136 57 05
159 / 14 21 16 136 56 47 14 21 11 136 56 34
160 / 14 21 14 136 55 30 14 20 24 136 49 18
161 / 14 20 24 136 49 18 14 18 47 136 39 32
162 / 14 18 21 136 39 22 14 17 53 136 38 52
163 / 14 14 52 136 19 29 14 11 52 135 53 46
164 / 15 24 12 136 15 23 15 30 03 136 35 13
165 / 15 30 03 136 35 13 15 30 18 136 52 06