Honors Biology

Performance Assessment I Review 2012

Chapters 1-3

SUGGESTIONS FOR EXAM REVIEW

  • Do not wait until the last minute to begin exam review. Set aside some time each day to review a few pages in the text or a few of the questions that follow.
  • Organize your binder/notebook. Find your class notes, worksheets and review sheets from each chapter.
  • Review main concepts and chapter objectives, study diagrams and illustrations. Read summary at the end of each chapter and do some of the review questions.
  • Because the benchmarks cover several chapters, questions are more general and conceptual than those from chapter tests, but VOCABULARY is still important.

Chapter 1 Biology: Exploring Life (Core Concepts)

  1. The cellular basis of life: How are cells the structural and functional unit of life?

How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike? Different?

  1. DNA and heredity: How does DNA encode a cell’s information?
  1. Interdependence in nature: Review roles in an ecosystem - producers, consumers, decomposers.

Compare the cycling of nutrients to the one-way flow of energy.

Name the levels of biological organization.

  1. Know several characteristics that define an organism as “living”.

What is homeostasis? Metabolism? Anabolism? Catabolism?

What is the relationship between structure and function?

Are viruses alive? Why or why not?

  1. Know the life processes: respiration, nutrition, transport, excretion, synthesis, regulation, growth, reproduction.
  1. Unity and diversity: How do diverse forms of life show unity?

What are the three domains of life and what types of organisms do they include?

  1. Evolution: How does evolution explain the unity and diversity of life?

Describe the process of natural selection.

  1. Scientific Inquiry: Know the steps in the Scientific Method. Know SI units.

Distinguish hypothesis, theory, control, dependent and independent variables.

  1. Know science tools – what they do and how they are used: centrifuge, electrophoresis, chromatography, spectrophotometry, cell and tissue culture, computer imaging
  1. Know about microscopes - resolution, differences between light microscope,

stereoscope, scanning and transmission electron scopes, how to find magnifying power,

how to use a compound microscope, how the images from each type differ.

What kind of microscope took these pictures?

Chapter 2 The Chemical Basis of Life
  1. Know parts of the atom. Why are valence electrons so important?
  1. What is an element, compound, atomic number, mass number, ion, isotope?
  1. Distinguish between covalent and ionic bonding, polar bond, hydrogen bond.
  1. Compare chemical and structural formulas, reactants and products.

5. What makes a water molecule polar? Where do hydrogen bonds form?

6. How is cohesion different from adhesion? How does hydrogen bonding make them both possible?

7. Describe several properties of water and explain why they are important in living things:

Surface tension

High specific heat

Capillary action

versatile solvent

8. What is the difference between a solution and suspension, solvent and solute?

9. Know about pH, acids and bases, salts, neutralization. How do chemical indicators work?

Chapter 3 The Molecules of Cells

  1. What accounts for carbon’s versatility in building organic molecules?
  1. Compare organic/inorganic compounds. What are hydrocarbons, carbon skeleton, isomers?
  1. What are the five functional groups common in cellular molecules and examples of molecules where they are found?
  1. Know the chemical elements that make up each of the four major macromolecules.
  1. Contrast dehydration synthesis/condensation and hydrolysis.
  1. Describe structure, functions, monomers and polymers of carbohydrates.

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

  1. Describe structure, function, monomers and polymers of lipids.

“Fat” (triglyceride)

Saturated/unsaturated

Phospholipids

Steroids

Trans fats

Heart health

  1. Describe structure, function, monomers and polymers of nucleic acids

Nucleotide

DNA

RNA

  1. Describe structure, function, monomers and polymers of proteins.

Amino acids

Peptide bond

Polypeptide

Primary structure

3-dimensional shape

Enzymes

  1. Recognize some structures of macromolecules.

Possible Performance Assessment Topics

(20 points)

  • Experimental Method and Analyzing Data
  • be able to design an experiment, identify problem, variables and control
  • be able to form a hypothesis, interpret data and draw conclusions
  • be able to infer what will happen if a graph could be extended
  • be able to graph data and label axes
  • Science Tools and Types of Microscopes
  • Compare compound and stereo light microscopes
  • Compare transmission and scanning electron scopes
  • Know their uses, advantages, limitations, types of micrographs
  • Know processes and uses of chromatography, electrophoresis, centrifugation
  • Properties of Water, pH scale and pH indicators
  • Be able to explain water molecule and hydrogen bonding
  • Compare cohesion and adhesion, properties of water and their importance to life
  • Identify solutions, suspensions, ionic and covalent solutes
  • Know where acids/bases are found on the pH scale
  • Know action of some pH indicators, be able to analyze information
  • Carbon Compounds and Macromolecules
  • Compare organic and inorganic, linking and breaking reactions
  • Know simple and complex carbs, types of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
  • Recognize structures of monomers and polymers

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