Substance Abuse: Risk Analysis

10thGrade Health and Wellness

Definitions…

Drug use –

Drug misuse –

Drug abuse –

Recreational drug use – a term made up to describe their drug use, by people who claim their drug taking produces no harmful social or health effects.

Tolerance – a state that develops in users of certain drugs that makes larger and

larger amounts of the drugs necessary to produce the same effect.

Addiction - dependence on a substance, habit, or behavior; a physical or

psychological craving for higher and higher doses of a drug that

leads to bodily harm, social maladjustment, or economic hardship.

Physical addiction –

Psychological addiction –

Stages of Drug Use

Immediate Effects of Nicotine / Withdrawal Effects of Nicotine
1.Triggers the release of stress hormones
a. Raises blood pressure
b. Speeds up heart rate
2.Changes the brainwave pattern
3.Calms the nerves, but some may feel stimulated
4.Reduces anxiety and feelings of pain
5.Reduces hunger
6.Dulls the taste buds / 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Risks Associated with Smokeless Tobacco

Mouth sores (that can lead to cancer)

Cancerous tumors in nasal cavity, cheek, gum, and throat

Mouth and throat cancer

______ – whitish or grayish patches that develop where the product is held (may lead to cancer)

______ – tobacco use causes a buildup of Keratin on your taste buds

Bad breath, brown teeth, dulled sense of smell and taste, damages gums, wears away tooth surfaces, eats away at jawbone.

KEY POINTS – Smoking harms every organ of the body. It is the single greatest cause of preventable death in the United States today. Pregnant women’s smoking harms the unborn fetus and endangers the lives of newborns. Smoking damages appearance and attractiveness and is expensive.

KEY POINTS – Passive smoke (“second-hand” smoke) raises the risks of cancer, heart disease, and many other hazards for persons breathing it. Passive smoking is the third leading cause of preventable death in the United States.

HOW SMOKING AFFECTS THE BODY

* Quitting Techniques *

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

KEY POINTS – “Even among adults who express a strong desire to quit smoking and who receive optimal medical care, only half the patients studied were able to stop smoking for as long as one week, and the long-term failure rate was more than 80% after patients were withdrawn from nicotine replacement.”

Binge Drinking –

What is considered 1 drink?

______

Signs of Alcohol Poisoning

1. ______

2. ______

3. cold, clammy, pale, or bluish skin

Appropriate action

1. ______

2. Turn the intoxicated person on his side to prevent choking should the person vomit.

3. Stay with the person until medical help arrives.

*If the person appears to be “sleeping it off,” it is important to realize that even though a person may be semi-conscious, alcohol is already in the stomach and may continue to enter the bloodstream and may circulate throughout the body. The person is still in danger!

Excessive Alcohol Use / Frequent Alcohol Use

Depression (slowing) of body systems
Shallow respiration
Puffiness of the face
Cold, clammy skin
Irregular heartbeat
Dehydration
Redness of the eyes
Disorientation
Nausea
Blurred vision
High blood pressure

Cirrhosis of the liver
Brain disorders
Malnutrition
Cancer of the stomach
Heart disease
Birth defects
Pancreatitis-is an inflammation of the pancreas.The pancreas is a large gland behind the stomach. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes that helpdigest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in food. The pancreas also releases the hormones insulin and glucagons into the bloodstream. These hormones help the body use food for energy.
Vitamin deficiencies
Cancer of the mouth
Cancer of the liver
Ulcers
Delirium tremens (DTs) - is an acute episode of delirium that is usually caused by withdrawal or abstinence, from alcohol.

The effects of alcohol and other drug intoxication on driving
Mind-altering drugs including alcohol, marijuana and others slow people’s reactions and impair their judgment of speed. Therefore, mind-altering drugs impair driving ability.

The effects of alcohol and other drugs on an unborn fetus

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) – a set pattern of birth defects, including permanent mental and physical retardation and facial abnormalities, seen in children born to mothers who abuse alcohol

during pregnancy.

Cannabis – marijuana affects hearing, touch, taste, and smell. It alters the sense of time, the sense of space, and the feelings of the body. It can cause abnormal heart action; reduced immunity; a lowered sperm count in men; lung damage, including cancer; and a-motivational syndrome. It also impairs driving ability.

Examples

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

Club drugs – laboratory-made drugs that closely resemble illegal drugs in chemical structure. Lack of testing presents an enormous risk to the taker.

Examples

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

4. ______

Prescription Pills - Prescription drugs that are abused or used for nonmedical reasons can alter brain activity and lead to dependence.

Examples

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

4. ______

Narcotics – drugs that are used to relieve pain, and are very addictive. Most are forms of opiates.

Examples

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

4. ______

5. ______

6. ______

Stimulants- Stimulants are a class of drugs that elevate mood, increase feelings of well-being, and increase energy and alertness. Stimulants often produce a feeling of euphoria in users.

Amphetamines - increase activity, block fatigue and hunger, and produce euphoria. Amphetamines are addictive drugs, because tolerance to them develops quickly. Withdrawal from amphetamines causes severe dysphoria and psychological depression.

Examples

1. ______

2. Dexedrine

3. Methamphetamine

Cocaine – a stimulant and an anesthetic that produces a short-term, intense high followed by extreme dysphoria. Side-effects include eroding of nasal passages, chronic fatigue, severe headaches, birth defects, and death of users.

Depressants – sedatives and barbiturates act as depressants, slowing the body’s systems.Long-term abuse causes many dangerous effects, including addiction.

Examples

1. Barbiturates (Tuinal, Phenobarbital, Chloral Hydrate)

2. Methaqualone (Quaaludes)

3. Benzodiazepines (Valium, Librium, Clonopin)

Hallucinogens – drugs that produce false sensations in the mind, such as vivid and distorted visions.

Examples

LSD
Psilocybin (Mushrooms, shrooms)
Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP, angel dust)
Mescaline

Inhalants – drugs that, when inhaled, can cause permanent brain damage or death from suffocation. Even short-term abuse disrupts vision, impairs judgment, and reduces muscle and reflex control. These effects may be permanent.

______– liquids that vaporize at room temperature such as, gasoline fumes, lighter fluid, cleaning fluid, and paint thinner.
______– substances added to products such as paint, deodorant, hair spray, whipped cream, and oil to make them sprayable.
______– intended for medical use: chloroform, ether, nitrous oxide (laughing gas), amyl nitrate, and butyl nitrate

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND THE LAW!

1. Social Host Liability Laws

*most parties take place at private residences

* check High/Laws/State.aspx?state=Pennsylvania for individual state regulations

2. Underage drinking, fake ID, and drinking and driving penalties in Pennsylvania:

CARRYING A FALSE IDENTIFICATION CARD
Section 6310.3 of the Pennsylvania Crimes Code (Title 18)

Penalty / 1st Offense / 2nd Offense / Subsequent Offense
Fine / 0-$300 / 0-$500 / 0-$500
Jail / 0-90 days / 0-1 year / 0-1 year
License Suspension / 90 days / 1 year / 2 years

The first offender may be required to undergo an alcohol evaluation and attend education and treatment if deemed appropriate. Second and subsequent offenders are required to undergo evaluation and attend education and treatment if deemed appropriate. It is also required that the police departments notify each offender's parents or guardian of this offense.

PURCHASE, POSSESSION OR TRANSPORTATION OF LIQUOR OR

MALT OR BREWED BEVERAGES
Section 6308 of the Pennsylvania Crimes Code (Title 18)

A person commits a summary offense if he/she, being less than 21 years of age, attempts to purchase, purchases, consumes, possesses or knowingly and intentionally transports any liquor or malt or brewed beverages.

Penalty / 1st Offense / 2nd Offense / Subsequent Offense
Suspension of driving privileges / 90 days / 1year / 2 years

CHEMICAL TESTING TO DETERMINE AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL

OR CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE
Section 1547 of the Vehicle Code

If a person refuses to submit to a chemical test, the testing shall not be conducted but upon notice by the police officer, the Department of Transportation shall suspend the operating privilege of the person for a period of 12 months.

DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL OR CONTROLLED SUBSTANCESection 3731of the Pennsylvania Vehicle Code

A person shall not drive, operate or be in actual physical control of the movement of any vehicle:

while under the influence of alcohol and/or the influence of any controlled substance to a degree which renders the person incapable of safe driving; or

while the blood-alcohol level of the person is 0.08% or greater for an adult or 0.02% for a minor.

Penalties:

OFFENSE / JAIL TIME / FINES
1st Offense / 48 hours - 2 years / $300 - $5,000
2nd Offense (within 7 years) / 30 days - 2 years / $300 - $5,000
3rd Offense (within 7 years) / 90 days - 5 years / $300 - $10,000
4th or Subsequent Offenses (within 7 years) / 1 year - 5 years / $300 - $10,000

3. Penalties for Drug Possession and Distribution:

Drug laws for Pennsylvania
Marijuana

Marijuana Possession:

</= 30 grams: 0 - 30 days; $500
> 30 grams: 0 - 1 year; $5,000

Cultivation, delivery or sale:
Fines will exceed amount listed so as to exhaust the proceeds of prohibited drug activity.

Any amount: 0 - 15 years; $250,000
>/= 2 lbs. or >/= 10 live plants: 1 year MMS; $5,000
>/= 10 lbs. or >/= 21 live plants: 3 years MMS; $15,000
>/= 50 lbs. or >/= 51 live plants: 5 years MMS; $50,000

Sale:

Sale to minor: penalty doubles
Sale within 1,000 feet of school or college: 1 - 2 years MMS (mandatory minimum sentence)

Paraphernalia:

Paraphernalia possession: 0 - 1 year; $5,000
Sale of paraphernalia to minor: 2 years; $5,000

Driver's license may be suspended 6 months.

4. Council Rock’s Drug and Alcohol Policy

Penalties

FIRST OFFENSE

Possession - To possess, procure, purchase/attempt to possess, procure or purchase, consume, use or be under the influence of or attempt to consume or use a controlled substance

Will result in a recommendation by the Administrator for expulsion for forty-five (45) calendar days provided, however, that the penalty imposed under this section shall not apply to any calendar days that apply to summer vacation – those days from the end of the school year to the first student day of the next school year. All due process requirements shall apply.

b. Sale and/or Distribution – To sell, supply, give, attempt to sell, supply or give.

Will result in a recommendation for permanent expulsion by the administrator. The student may reapply for admission to school after one (1) calendar year.

SECOND OFFENSE

a. Possession – will result in a recommendation for Expulsion by the

Administrator for a period of one (1) year. The student may apply for readmittance after one (1) calendar year.

b. Sale or Distribution – Will result in a recommendation for permanent

expulsion with no right of re-admittance to school.

DRUG PARAHERNALIA

The possession of drug paraphernalia, absent any possession of a controlled substance defined by this policy, may result in school discipline including a suspension from school for a maximum of ten (10) days.

In extraordinary cases, the Superintendent may recommend a modification of an expulsion requirement under this policy on a case-by-case basis.

Know how and where to seek help…

Parents, friends, teacher, counselor, clergy, etc.
Narcotics Anonymous (NA), Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
Therapy
CARES