Fads1 and 2 are promoted to meet instant need for long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids in goose fatty liver
Submitted to Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
Rashid H. Osman1, 2,3•Long Liu1,3•Lili Xia1•Xing Zhao1•QianqianWang1•Xiaoxian Sun1•Yihui Zhang1•Biao Yang1•Yun Zheng1•Daoqing Gong1,*•Tuoyu Geng1,*
1College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
2Colleage of Veterinary Science, West Kordofan University, El Nuhud 20, Sudan
3These authors contribute to this work equally.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mails: (T.G.); (D.G.).
Tel.: +86-514-87990930 (T.G.); 86-514-87997192 (D.G.). Fax: 86-514-87350440 (T.G.).
Supplemental materials contain supplemental tables 1-3 and supplemental figures 1-3
Supplemental Table 1 Fatty acid composition in the control and overfeeding diets
control / overfeeding%
palmitic acid / 15 / 15.2
steric acid / 2.3 / 2.5
oleic acid / 34.3 / 34.4
linoleic acid / 46.8 / 46.4
linolenic acid / 1.3 / 1.3
arachidic acid / 0.3 / 0.3
Supplemental Table 2 The contents of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in the livers of the overfed geese were not increased from 14 days to 19 days of overfeeding*
LC-PUFA (% of total fatty acids) / Overfed for 14 d / Overfed for 19 dCis-8-11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n6) / 0.029±0.0045 / 0.016±0.003
Cis-11,1417-Eicosatrienoic acid(C20:3n3) / ND / ND
Arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) / 0.25±0.021 / 0.20±0.02
cis-13,16-Docosadienoic acid (C22:2) / 0.010±0.0003 / 0.007±0.0003
Cis-5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3) / 0.004±0.0021 / 0.0027±0.001
cis-4,7,10,13,19-Docosahexaenoie acid (C22:6) / 0.004±0.0020 / ND
* The geese were overfed for 2 or 3 weeks from 60 days of age. n=3. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.
Supplemental Table 3Fasting and postprandial blood glucose from geese overfed vs. normally fed for 2 weeks*
control / overfedfasting / 7.33±0.29 / 8.12±0.27
postprandial / 10.3±0.25 / 15.8±1.13
* The geese were normally fed (control) or overfed for 2 weeks from 60 days of age. Fasting blood glucose was determined after overnight fasting. Postprandial blood glucose was determined after 2 hours of overfeeding. The unit of blood glucose is mM.Data are presented as mean ± SEM. n=13-15.
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Supplemental Fig. 1A large amount of lipid droplet accumulated in the livers of the overfed geese compared to normally-fed geese. (A)Representative image for H&E staining of liver section from the control geese. (B)Representative image for H&E staining of liver section from the overfed goose.
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Supplemental Fig.2The mRNA expression of Fads genes was upregulated in the livers of the overfed vs. normally-fed (or control) geese. The mRNA abundance of Fads1(A), Fads2 (B), and Fads6 (C) was determined by quantitative PCR. The control group consists of the geese that were normally fed, while overfeeding group consists of the geese that were overfed for 0, 7, 14, and 19 days (i.e., the overfed geese at 70, 77, 84 and 89 days of age). The messenger RNA abundance in the overfeeding group was presented as fold change over the control group. **,*** denote P<0.01, 0.001 vs. control, respectively. All data are presented as means ±SEM.
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Supplemental Fig. 3.The genes related to lipid metabolism were differentially expressed in the livers of the overfed vs. normally fed geese. (A) The upregulated genes in the overfeeding group include cholesteryl ester transfer protein (Cetp), lipoprotein lipase (Lpl), and apolipo protein B (Apob). The downregulated genes in the overfeeding group include perilipin 1 (Plin1), peroxisome proliferator-activatedreceptor gamma (Pparγ),diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (Dgat2), andcitrate synthase (Cs).The mRNA abundanceexpressed as reads per kilobasespermillionreads (RPKM) was determined by RNA-seq analysis. The control group consists of the geese that were normally fed, while overfeeding group consists of the geese that were overfed for 19 days. *,**,*** denote P0.05, 0.01, and 0.001vs. control, respectively. All data are presented as means ±SEM.