STANDARD 1

Describe developments in Italy and Northern Europe during the Renaissance period with respect to humanism, arts and literature, intellectual development, increased trade, advances in technology.

Essential Understandings / Essential Questions / Essential Knowledge / Essential Skills
New intellectual and artistic ideas that developed during the Renaissance marked the beginning of the modern world. / What were the artistic, literary, and intellectual ideas of the Renaissance? / Renaissance
• “Rebirth” of classical knowledge, “birth” of the modern world
• Spread of the Renaissance from the Italian city states to northern Europe
Contributions of the Renaissance
• Accomplishments in the visual arts—Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci
• Accomplishments in literature (sonnets, plays,
essays)—Shakespeare
• Accomplishments in intellectual ideas (humanism)—Erasmus / Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources tomake generalizations about events and life in world history.
Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction.

STANDARD 2

Describe the role of mercantilism and imperialism in European exploration and colonization in the sixteenth century, including the Columbian Exchange by

a)Describing the impact of the Commercial Revolution on European society.

b)Identifying major ocean currents, wind patterns, landforms, and climates affecting European exploration.

Essential Understandings / Essential Questions / Essential Knowledge / Essential Skills
The expanding economies of European states stimulated increased trade with markets in Asia.
With the loss of Constantinople in 1453, European nations fronting the Atlantic sought new maritime routes for trade.
The discovery of the Americas by Europeans resulted in an exchange of products and resources between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. / Why were Europeans interested in discovering new lands and markets?
Who were some important explorers?
What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures? / Factors contributing to the European discovery of lands in the Western
Hemisphere
• Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe
• Support for the diffusion of Christianity
• Political and economic competition between European empires
• Innovations in navigation- European & Islamic origins
• Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator
Establishment of overseas empires and decimation of indigenous populations
• Portugal: Vasco da Gama
• Spain: Christopher Columbus, Hernando Cortez, Francisco Pizarro, Ferdinand Magellan
• England: Francis Drake
• France: Jacques Cartier
Columbian Exchange
• Western Hemisphere agricultural products such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco changed European lifestyles.
• European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of Native Americans.
• European diseases like smallpox killed many Native Americans.
Impact of the Columbian Exchange
• Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves.
• Slavery based on race.
• European plantation system in Caribbean and Americas destroyed native economies and damaged the environment. / Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and
cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past.
Identify geographic features important to the study of world history.
Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction.

STANDARD 3

Explain causes of the Reformation and its impact, including tensions between religious and secular authorities, reformers and doctrines, the Counter-Reformation, the English Reformation, and wars of religion.

Essential Understandings / Essential Questions / Essential Knowledge / Essential Skills
For centuries, the Roman Catholic Church had little competition in religious thought and action.
The resistance of the church to change led to the Protestant Reformation, which resulted in the birth of new political and economic institutions.
The Reformation had its roots in
theology, but it led to important economic and political changes.
Religious differences and hatreds caused war and destruction.
At first the Reformation divided the countries of Europe on religious principles, leading to religious intolerance. / What were the problems and issues that provoked religious reforms in Western Christianity?
What were the beliefs of Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII?
What were the major economic, political, and theological issues involved in the Reformation?
What were some of the changing cultural values, traditions, and philosophies during the Reformation?
What was the role of the printing press in the spread of new ideas? / Conflicts that challenged the authority of the Church in Rome
• Merchant wealth challenged the Church’s view of usury.
• German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Church.
• The Church’s great political power and wealth caused conflict.
• Church corruption sale of indulgences were wide- spread and caused conflict.
Martin Luther (Lutheranism)
• Views: Salvation by faith alone, Bible as the ultimate authority, allhumans equal before God
• Actions: 95 theses, birth of the Protestant Church
John Calvin (Calvinism)
• Views: Predestination, faith revealed by living a righteous life, work ethic
• Actions: Expansion of the Protestant Movement
King Henry VIII (Anglicanism)
• Views: Dismissed the authority of Pope in Rome
• Actions: Divorced; broke with Rome; headed the national church in England; appropriated lands and
wealth of the Roman Catholic Church in England
Catholic Counter Reformation
• Catholic Church mounted a series of reforms and reasserted its authority.
• Society of Jesus (Jesuits) founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world.
• Inquisition established to reinforce Catholic doctrine. / Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to
make generalizations about events and
life in world history.
Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and
cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past.
Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction.

STANDARD 4

Explain the relationship between physical geography and cultural development in India, Africa, Japan, and China in the early Global Age, including trade and travel, natural resources, and movement and isolation of peoples and ideas.

Essential Understandings / Essential Questions / Essential Knowledge / Essential Skills
Descendants of the Mongols, the Muslim Mughal (Mogul) rulers established an empire in northern India.
The Mughal Empire traded with
European nations.
The exportation of slaves and demandfor imported goods began to altertraditional economic patterns in Africa.
China and Japan sought to limit theinfluence and activities of Europeanmerchants. / What were contributions of the Mughal emperors of
India?
How did the Mughal Empire trade with
European nations?
How did Africa become involved inforeign trade?
How did the Chinese and Japaneseattempt to limit the influence ofEuropean merchants? / Location of the Mughal Empire
• North India
Contributions of Mughal rulers
• Spread of Islam into India
• Art and architecture—Taj Mahal
• Arrival of European trading outposts
• Influence of Indian textiles on British textile industry
Trade with European nations
• Portugal, England, and the
Netherlands competed for the Indian Ocean trade by establishing coastal ports on the Indian subcontinent.
African exports
• Slaves (triangular trade)
• Raw materials
African imports
• Manufactured goods from Europe,Asia, and the Americas
• New food products (corn, peanuts)
China
• Creation of foreign enclaves tocontrol trade
• Imperial policy of controllingforeign influences and trade
• Increase in European demand forChinese goods (tea, porcelain)
Japan
• Characterized by powerlessemperor ruled by military leader(shogun)
• Adopted policy of isolation to limitforeign influences / Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past.
Identify and compare contemporary political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms.
Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction.

Standard 5

Describe the rise of absolutism and constitutionalism and their impact on European nations by:

a)Contrasting philosophies of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke and the belief in the divine right of kings.

b)Comparing absolutism as it developed in France, Russia, and Prussia, including the reigns of

Louis XIV, Peter the Great, and Frederick the Great.

c)Identifying major provisions of the Petition of Rights and the English Bill of Rights.

Essential Understandings / Essential Questions / Essential Knowledge / Essential Skills
The Age of Absolutism takes its namefrom a series of European monarchswho increased the power of their centralgovernments.
Political democracy rests on the principle that government derives power from the consent of the governed.
The foundations of English freedoms included the jury trial, the Magna Carta, and common law.
The English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution prompted further development of the rights of Englishmen. / Who were the absolute monarchs?
What effect did the absolute monarchshave on their countries?
How did the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution promote the development of the rights of Englishmen? / Characteristics of absolute
monarchies
• Centralization of power
• Concept of divine right of kings
Absolute monarchs
• Louis XIV: France,
Palace ofVersailles as a symbol of royalpower
• Peter the Great: Russia,
westernization of Russia
• Frederick the Great: Prussia, emphasis on military power
Development of the rights of Englishmen
• Oliver Cromwell and the execution of Charles I
• Restoration of Charles II
• Development of political
parties/factions
• Glorious Revolution (William and Mary)
• Increase of parliamentary power over royal power
• English Bill of Rights of 1689
Philosophies of Hobbes and Locke
• Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan: The state must have central authority to manage behavior.
• John Locke’s Two Treatises on Government: People are sovereign; monarchs are not chosen
by God. / Identify and compare contemporarypolitical boundaries with the locationof civilizations, empires, andkingdoms.
Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about events and life in world history.
Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction.

STANDARD 6

Identify significant ideas and achievements of scientists and philosophers of the Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment.

Essential Understandings / Essential Questions / Essential Knowledge / Essential Skills
With its emphasis on reasoned
observation and systematic
measurement, the scientific revolution changed the way people viewed the world and their place in it.
Enlightenment thinkers believed that human progress was possible through the application of scientific knowledge and reason to issues of law and government.
Enlightenment ideas influenced the leaders of the American Revolution and the writing of the Declaration of Independence. / What were some new scientific theories and discoveries?
What were some of the effects of these new theories?
Who were some Enlightenment thinkers, and what were their ideas?
How did philosophers of the Enlightenment influence thinking on political issues?
How did the Enlightenment promote revolution in the American colonies? / Pioneers of the scientific revolution
• Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei:
Astronomical theories
• Isaac Newton:
Laws of Gravity
Importance of the scientific revolution
• Emphasis on reason and systematic observation
• Formulation of the scientific method
• Expansion of scientific knowledge
The Enlightenment
• Applied reason to the human world, not just the natural world
• Stimulated religious tolerance
• Fueled democratic revolutions worldwide
Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas
• John Locke’s Two Treatises on Government: People are sovereign; no divine right monarchy.
• Montesquieu’s The Spirit of Laws: The best form of government includes a separation of powers.
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s The Social Contract: Government is a contract between rulers people.
• Voltaire: Freedom of speech; religious toleration; separation of church & state
Influence of the Enlightenment
• Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the Americas and France.
• Declaration of Independence, Constitution of the United States, & Bill of Rights incorporated
Enlightenment ideas. / Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to
make generalizations about events and life in world history.
Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction.

STANDARD 7

Describe the impact of the French Revolution on Europe, including political evolution, social evolution, and diffusion of nationalism and liberalism by:

a)Identifying causes of the French Revolution.

b)Describing the influence of the American Revolution upon the French Revolution.

c)Identifying objectives of different groups participating in the French Revolution.

d)Describing the role of Napoleon as an empire builder.

Essential Understandings / Essential Questions / Essential Knowledge / Essential Skills
The ideas of the Enlightenment and French participation in the American Revolution influenced the French people to view their government in new ways.
The French overthrew the absolutemonarchy, and a new government was established.
The French Revolution left a powerful legacy for world history: secular society, nationalism, and democratic ideas.
Napoleon’s attempt to unify Europe under French domination was unsuccessful.
The Congress of Vienna attempted to restore Europe as it had been before the French Revolution and Napoleonic conquests. / How did the ideas of the Enlightenment contribute to causing the French
Revolution?
What was the legacy of Napoleon?
What was the significance of the Congress of Vienna? / Causes of the French Revolution
• Influence of Enlightenment ideas
• Influence of the American
Revolution
Events of the French Revolution
• Storming of the Bastille
• Reign of Terror
Outcomes of the French Revolution
• End of the absolute monarchy of Louis XVI
• Rise of Napoleon
Legacy of Napoleon
• Unsuccessful attempt to unify Europe under French domination
• Napoleonic Code
• Awakened feelings of national pride and growth of nationalism
Legacy of the Congress of Vienna
• “Balance of power” doctrine
• Restoration of monarchies
• New political map of Europe
• New political philosophies (liberalism, conservatism) / Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and
cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past.
Identify and compare contemporary political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms.
Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction.

STANDARD 8

Compare revolutions in Latin America and the Caribbean, including Haiti, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, and Mexico.

Essential Understandings / Essential Questions / Essential Knowledge / Essential Skills
Ideas and examples of the
American and French Revolutions influenced the people of Latin America to establish independent nations. / How did the French and American Revolutions influence Latin American independence movements? / Influence of the American and French Revolutions on the Americas
• Independence came to French, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies
• Toussaint L’Ouverture -Haiti
• Simon Bolivar & Jose de San Martin - South America
• Miguel Hidalgo - Mexico / Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and
cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past.
Identify and compare contemporary political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms.

STANDARD 9

Describe the impact of technological inventions, conditions of labor, and the economic theories of capitalism, liberalism, socialism, and Marxism during the Industrial Revolution on the economics, society, and politics of Europe by:

a)Identifying important inventors in Europe during the Industrial Revolution.

b)Comparing the Industrial Revolution in England with later revolutions in Europe.

Essential Understandings / Essential Questions / Essential Knowledge / Essential Skills
The Industrial Revolution began in England, spreading to the rest of Western Europe and the United States.
With the Industrial Revolution, came an increased demand for raw materials from the Americas, Asia, and Africa.
Advancements in technology produced the Industrial Revolution, while advancements in science and medicine altered the lives of people living in the new industrial cities.
Capitalism and market competition fueled the Industrial Revolution.
Wealth increased the standard of living for some.
Social dislocations associated with capitalism produced a range of economic and political ideas, including socialism and communism.
The Industrial Revolution had a significant impact on the structure and function of the family.
The Industrial Revolution placed new demands on the labor of men, women, and children.
Workers organized labor unions to fight for improved working conditions and workers’ rights. / Why did the Industrial Revolution originate in England?
Why did the spread of industrialism to Europe and the United States accelerate colonialism and imperialism?
How did the Industrial Revolution produce changes in culture and society?
What was the role of capitalism and market competition in the Industrial Revolution?
What were some theories opposed to capitalism?
How did the Industrial Revolution impact the lives of women, children, and the family?
How did the Industrial Revolution affect slavery?
Why did workers organize into labor unions? / Industrial Revolution
• Origin in England due to its natural resources and inventions
• Spread to Europe and the United States
• Role of cotton textile, iron, and steel industries
• Enclosure Movement
• Rise of the factory system
• Rising economic powers wanted to control raw materials and markets throughout the world
Technological advances that produced the Industrial Revolution
• James Watt: steam engine
• Eli Whitney: cotton gin
• Henry Bessemer: process for making steel
Advancements in science and medicine
• Edward Jenner: smallpox vaccination
• Louis Pasteur: germ theory of disease (bacteria)
Impacts of the Industrial Revolution on industrialized countries
• Population increase
• Increased standards of living for many
• Improved transportation
• Urbanization
• Environmental pollution
• Increased education
• Dissatisfaction of working class w/ working conditions
• Growth of middle class
Capitalism
• Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations
Socialism and communism
• Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto (written with Friedrich Engels) and
Das Capital / Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past.
Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about events and life in world history.
Identify and compare contemporary political boundaries with the location of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms.
Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction.

STANDARD 10