STUDY PROTOCOL

v1.2

Baseline

  • To generate a baseline[msfuser1], at the beginning of data collection in each camp, collect samples from main water sources and/or mixed network waters and measure FRC, combined residual chlorine (CRC), pH, ORP, water temperature, conductivity, and turbidity.
  • MA: “Make sure that whenever water is sampled from a borehole that the time the pump has been running is recorded - you will probably get an increase in EC at longer duration.”

Primary data collection

  1. Select tapstand.
  1. Record Tapstand ID:
  2. Village name;
  3. Sheik name; and
  4. Code (from water network map).
  1. Record time.
  1. Measure ambient air temperature at tapstand withHanna Instruments[msfuser2] multimeter.
  1. Sampling Event #1: Direct from tap @ tapstand:
  2. Palintest photometer to measure FRC and CRC(pH?[msfuser3]);
  3. Palintest turbiditimeter to measure turbidity; and
  4. Eijkelkamp multimeter to measure ORP, water temperature, and conductivity (pH[msfuser4]?).
  1. Obtain verbal consent froma water collector (i.e. the respondent)to enrol in study. Below are the talking points to hit on:
  2. Assalam walaikum, my name is ______and I am working with MSF.
  3. We are checking the chlorine in the water supply so that we can improve the health of the community.
  4. We would like to request your participation.
  5. We would like to test the water in your container here at the tapstand.
  6. Then we would like to go with you to your home at test the water again.
  7. Then we would like to return in the afternoon to test the water the last time.
  8. So we would like to test the water in your container three times.
  9. Each time we will take ______[msfuser5] of water from your container to do the testing, so in total we will take ______.
  10. Each time the testing will take about ______[msfuser6] minutes, so in total we will take about ______of your time.
  11. We will also like to ask you a few questions about water.
  12. If that is okay for you, we thank you very much for your participation.
  13. If that is not okay for you, then no problems at all, mafi muskila!
  14. Will you participate?
  1. Record Respondent ID:
  2. Name; and
  3. Consent of the respondent.
  1. Most water collectors have two water collection containers (either two of the same, or two different).Randomly select one of these containers as the primary transport container.Mark it with a permanent marker.
  1. Survey A: Water collection and transport practices:
  2. Record type of tap on the tapstand using the tap guide;
  3. Record the type of the primary trasport container using the container guide;
  4. Is the container covered or uncovered?

-If there is any gap on the top of the container, count it as open (e.g. no lid, broken on top, open cap). If it is totally sealed with no access, count it as closed.

  • Is the container dirty or clean?

-If the container has any visible dirt or green algae growing on the inside of the container, count it as dirty.

  • Is the container opaque or translucent?
  • What colour[msfuser7] is the container?
  1. Remove beaker from plastic bag. Pour _____[msfuser8] ml of water from the respondent’s primary transport container into beaker. DO NOT DIP THE BEAKER INTO THE CONTAINER. Use the beaker water for sampling event #2. Take care to conserve the respondent’s water, taking no more than required and keeping spillage to a minimum.
  1. Sampling Event #2: Primary transport container @ tapstand:
  2. Palintest photometer to measure FRC and CRC (pH?);
  3. Palintest turbiditmeter to measure turbidity; and
  4. Eijkelkamp multimeter to measure ORP, water temperature, and conductivity (pH?).
  1. Rinse beaker with tapstand water;replace into bag and re-seal.
  1. Accompany respondentto their household, and record Household ID:
  2. Count the number of paces taken in order to approximate distance between tapstand and household;
  3. Note the timebetween tapstand and household; and
  4. GPS coordinates, tent #, and/or name of the head of household.
  1. Remove beaker from plastic bag. Pour _____ ml of water from the respondent’s primary transport container into beaker. DO NOT DIP THE BEAKER INTO THE CONTAINER. Use the beaker water for sampling event #3. Take care to conserve the respondent’s water, taking no more than required and keeping spillage to a minimum.
  1. Sampling Event #3:Primary transport container @ arrival at household.
  2. Palintest photometer to measure FRC and CRC (pH?).
  3. Palintest turbiditmeter to measure turbidity.
  4. Eijkelkamp multimeter to measure ORP, water temperature, and conductivity (pH?).
  1. Replace beaker into bag and re-seal.(Beaker to be rinsed with tapstand water at the next opporunity.)
  1. Ask the respondent the following water usage questions:
  2. How many times a day does she usually go to collect water from the tapstand?
  3. How many hours will the water of interest in the primary transport container last?
  4. Ask the respondent to please keep track of where the water of interest is and let us know if she is going to transfer it to another container.

-If she is going to transfer it, ask her to do it immediately if possible and then mark the new container which is now the primary storage container.

-If she says she keeps it in the same container, the primary transport container is now the primary storage container (already marked).

  1. Inform the respondent we will return after ____[msfuser9] hours.
  1. Rinse and wash (if possible) the water beaker. Keep in resealable bag.
  1. Return to the household after _____ hours have elapsed.
  1. Confirm in which container the water of interest is located. This is the primary storage container.
  1. Remove beaker from plastic bag. Pour _____ ml of water from the respondent’s primary transport container into beaker. DO NOT DIP THE BEAKER INTO THE CONTAINER. Use the beaker water for sampling event #4. Take care to conserve the respondent’s water, taking no more than required and keeping spillage to a minimum.
  1. Sampling Event #4:Primary storage container @ household:
  2. Palintest photometer to measure FRC and CRC (pH?).
  3. Palintest turbiditmeter to measure turbidity.
  4. Eijkelkamp multimeter to measure ORP, water temperature, and conductivity (pH?).
  1. Survey B: Water storage and drawing practices:
  2. Record the method of drawingdrinking water using the drawing guide;
  3. Record the type of the primary storage container using the container guide;
  4. Is the container covered or uncovered?

-If there is any gap on the top of the container, count it as open (e.g. no lid, broken on top, open cap). If it is totally sealed with no access, count it as closed.

  • Is the container dirty or clean?

-If the container has any visible dirt or green algae growing on the inside of the container, count it as dirty.

  • Is the container opaque or translucent?
  • What colour is the container?
  1. If poor hygienic practices and/or non-detectable FRC are observedduring the follow-up visit, provide hygiene promotion. Hit on the following talking points:
  2. Container hygiene: wash the inside and outside of the water storage container with soap and water regularly. If the water container is dirty, the water might carry disease which can be bad for your family’s health.
  3. Drawing of water:always use the bucket with the tap and use the tap to draw water for drinking. Or if you don’t have a bucket with tap, pour the water from the top into the cup. Never dip the cup in the bucket because that can put gerasim into the water and be bad for your family’s health.
  4. Covering water: it is important to always cover and keep the water closed while it is stored in your house. Dirt and gerasim can fall into the water.
  1. Thank the respondent for her participation.

Analysis

  1. Paired t-test to determine whether a significant difference in FRC levels exists between tapstand and household.
  2. Regression analysis to model FRC decay, if observed, between collection at tapstand and consumption at household level;
  3. Multivariate regression to investigate influence of water collection, transport, storage, and drawing practices on observed FRC decay.
  4. Analyze interaction of ORP, pH, and FRC in order to investigate ORP as a method of estimating FRC in field settings (analytical approach TBD).

-MA:“I think it would be good to see how this works out as could be a nice way to estimate FRC in the field.”  Look at how ORP/pH/FRC interrelate

-JF:“There is a relationship between the three and they should be "balanced", which is shown and explained in the document you can download using the link in Matt's message. To be honest, it goes beyond my knowledge. However, Matt is expecting the following:

  • if when measuring the 3 indicators at the tap, the 3 are in balance, it means that all what needed to be oxidized in the water has been oxidized. If we find a further reduction of FRC in the next measurements it will be likely due to further contamination (dirty bucket, manipulation of water etc.)
  • if, however, when measuring the 3 indicators at the tap, the 3 are not in balance, especially if RedOx will be low (reduced water), then it is likely that the chlorine left in the water will continue reacting on some elements in the water and further testing shall show that it comes into balance later. This reaction is usually slow but it should be an indication that water contains other elements like iron, manganese, nitrate etc. that are being oxidized by chlorine.”

Study participants are refugee women collecting water at tapstands who agree to allow us to test the water quality and document water usage practices in their home. Sample size for statistical validity is tentatively set at approximately 200.

Normal.dotm111/14/2018

[msfuser1]To confirm: to do the baseline just once for each source (i.e. at the start of the data collection period in each camp)?

[msfuser2]Confirm instrument

[msfuser3]Confirm instrument

[msfuser4]Confirm most sensible order of testing (i.e. water quality sensitivity, other concerns?)

[msfuser5]Must identify the volume of water required

[msfuser6]Must identify the time required to complete a sampling event

[msfuser7]May need to include a colour guide... it seems they have some problems with the English names (or get them to write in Arabic)

[msfuser8]Need to determine the minimum amount of water required for all tests.

[msfuser9]Must resolve this. Continue surveying how many hours