Study Guide to Chapter 5

Name: ______Due: ______

Soil and Agriculture Study Guide

1. Identify the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust: ______2nd: ______
2. Identify the rock types and an example:
3. Igneous

1. Metamorphic

1. Sedimentary

1. Describe the basic purpose of the rock cycle:

1. Define: lithosphere

Plate boundries

1. Describe the THREE types of plate movement (use pictures):
2. Divergent

1. Sea floor spreading

1. Convergent

1. Transform

1. Use the map on the back to identify ONE major convergent & divergent plate and TWO hotspots.
2. Identify FOUR types of volcanoes:

1. Define: Chemical weathering

Physical weathering

Erosion

1. Define: Chemical deposition

Physical deposition

1. Identify THREE occurrences that effect soil development:

1. Identify TWO characteristics of the soil horizons:
2. O horizon

1. A horizon

1. B horizon

1. C horizon

1. Describe the process of soil formation:

1. Define: infiltration

Leaching

1. Identify TWO characteristics of the following types of soil:

Desert soil

Tropical soil

Grassland soil

Polar

Forest soil

Swelling soil

1. Identify THREE mineral particles that are used to describe soil texture:
2. Sand

1. Silt

1. Clay

1. Describe how to use the soil triangle to identify different soil types:

[Clay 30%, Silt 20%, Sand 50%: ______] [Clay 20%, Silt 60%, 20%: ______]

1. Define: permeability

Porosity

1. Identify FOUR factors that contribute to soil nutrition:

1. Identify TWO physical and TWO chemical soil tests:

1. Identify TWO issues that are contributing to the food problem:

1. Describe intensive agriculture:

Identify TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of intensive agriculture:

1. Advantages:

1. Disadvantages:

1. Identify and describe the THREE commonly used types of irrigation:

1. Describe factory farming:

1. Discuss why it is more efficient to produce grain for human consumption than to produce meat for human consumption. In your answer, consider both land use and energy use.

1. Identify TWO environmental problems and TWO human health problems from meat production:

1. Describe crop harvest:

1. Describe the use of fertilizers:

Identify the TWO macronutrients that are often limiting factors: ______& ______

1. Define pesticide:

Identify the TWO types of pesticides:

1. Describe the role of Rachel Carson:

1. Discuss genetic resistance and the pesticide treadmill:

1. Identify TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of intensive agricultural practices:

1. Identify and describe:

1. FIFRA

1. FFDCA

1. FQPA

1. Explain the incident at Union Carbide in Bhopal, India:

1. Describebioaccumulation and biomagnification:

1. Identify the % of the major causes of soil degradation: ______% Overgrazing & ______% Deforestation
2. Use the map to identify and describe THREE major locations of global soil degradation.
3. Describe salinizationand a method to remediate or prevent salinization:

1. Describe desertification:

1. Describe the Green Revolution

1. Describe the Gene Revolution (second Green Revolution)

1. Identify TWO economic and TWO environmental advantages and disadvantages of GM foods:
2. Economic

1. Environmental

1. Identify the FOUR new crop developments:

1. Describe hydroponics:

1. Describe aquaculture (fish farming):

1. Describe sustainable agriculture:

Identify TWO more & TWO less that are provided by sustainable agriculture:

1. Identify TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of organic farming:

1. Advantages:

1. Disadvantages:

1. Explain how the results of soil tests will allow specific recommendations for sustainable agriculture.

1. Describe the following practices that can be used for maintaining cropland:
2. Shelterbelts

1. Crop rotation

1. Conservation tillage

1. Explain why the management of grasslands is economically and environmentally important.

1. Explain Integrated Pest Management (IPM):

1. Describe the stages in IPM:

1. Describe biological controls:

1. Identify THREE types of biological controls that have been used for controlling pests:

1. Describe the purpose of seed banks and seed vaults: