Study Guide Instructions
STUDY GUIDE INSTRUCTIONS:
The items listed in this study guide only pertain to the concepts you should know from the textbook. However, you should know everything from the lecture notes. If one of the items from below is a heading or subheading of a section in the textbook, then what I am suggesting is that you should know everything under that particular heading—including definitions, research findings, and implications. Of course, it goes without saying that anything below that overlaps with lecture material has a good chance of showing up on the exam & will be covered in greater detail on the exam.
Also keep in mind that this is just a guide that will point you to the material that will most likely be covered on the exam—but anything in the assigned readings is fair game. THIS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE FOR THE FINAL EXAM BECAUSE WE HAVE ONLY COVERED 3 CHAPTERS SINCE THE LAST MIDTERM. THUS, YOU SHOULD KNOW THESE 3 CHAPTERS VERY WELL.
HAPPY STUDYING!
Chapter 12: Prejudice & Stereotyping
Distinguish between prejudice, stereotypes, discrimination, & racism/sexism
Know all research on subtle vs. overt prejudice
social inequality and prejudice
Social dominance orientation
Religion and prejudice
Conformity & Prejudice
Know everything about these causes of prejudice:
Realistic group conflict theory
Social identity theory (ingroup bias)
Authoritarian personality & prejudice
Frustration & scapegoating
Mood & prejudice
Cognitive sources of prejudice
Just world beliefs
Outgroup homogeneity effect
Distinctive people, cases & events (illusory correlations)
How does the fundamental attribution error lead to prejudice?
What is the group serving bias? How is it similar to the self-serving bias?
How are stereotypes self-perpetuating?
What is the subtyping of counter-stereotypic persons & why do people do it?
What are the different ways that stereotypes bias judgments of others? What does the research show?
What are the consequences of prejudice & stereotypes for victims?
Self-fulfilling prophecies, stereotype threat, perceptions of discrimination
What is stigma consciousness?
Reactions to prejudice
Chapter 10: Aggression
Hostile vs. instrumental aggression
Theories of aggression:
Instinct theories
Problems with instinct theories
Genetic & biochemical influences
Frustration/aggression hypothesis (revised)
Relative deprivation
Social learning theory & aggression (effects of rewards, observation, family & culture)
Other factors that increase aggression: pain, heat, being attacked, crowding, arousal
Aggressive cues & the Berkowitz weapons effect
Media influences, pornography & aggression toward women
Research on the media, perceptions of sexual reality, and actual aggression toward women
Research on the rape myth
Research on TV viewing and aggressive behavior
Explanations for why TV viewing affects behavior
How might TV affect the way we think? Violent games & video games
Group influences on aggression
Catharsis & aggression
Social learning approaches to reducing aggression
Chapter 11: Attraction & intimacy
The need to belong and the effects of social ostracism
Factors that effect interpersonal attraction
Proximity, interaction, anticipation of interaction, mere exposure
Physical attractiveness
Attractiveness & mate selection, dating
The matching phenomenon
The physical attractiveness stereotype
What types of features are considered attractive & why (evolution)
Social comparison & the Charlies Angel’s effect
The attractiveness of those we love
Similarity vs. Complementarity
Liking those who like us & dissimilarity breeds dislike
Attribution, self-esteem & attraction, gaining another’s esteem (gains vs. losses)
Relationship rewards
Sternberg’s kinds of loving
Passionate love
Effects of arousal (2-factor theory of emotion)
Gender differences in passionate love
Companionate love
Attachment theory
Attachment styles
Equity theory
Self-disclosure (reciprocity) & intimacy
Who divorces?
The detachment process