Study Guide for Exam 3
Chapter 10
Know definitions/functions of:
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptors
Ineroceptors
Exteroceptors
Proprioceptors
Cutaneous receptors
Capsaisin receptors
What is sensory adaptation and which type of receptors display this property?
What is:
Lateral inhibition
Referred pain
Two-point discrimination
Know the types of papillae on the tongue
Know the cranial nerves involved with gestation
What is the function of:
Vestibular apparatus
Cochlea
Semicircular canals
Cupula
Utricle
Saccule
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Oval window
Round window
What is the neurological pathway for hearing?
What causes conduction deafness? Sensorineural deafness?
What is the function of the ciliary body in the eye?
How does sympathetic/parasympathetic stimulation affect the pupil?
Definitions/functions:
Myopia
Presbiopia
Emmetropia
Hyperopia
Astigmatism
Fovea centralis
Aqueous humor
Vitreous humor
Canal of Schlemm
Refraction
Accommodation
Optic disc/blind spot
Photoreceptors
Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells
Retinal
Rods
Cones
What wavelengths/ colors do they absorb?
Chapter 11
If a hormone can pass through the plasma membrane, what is it considered to be?
What is a prehormone?
What is a prohormone?
Know the different effects hormones can have on their targets:
Permissive
Antagonistic
Synergistic
What is downregulation and what would cause it?
What is upregulation and what would cause it?
Where do we find receptor proteins for:
Thyroid hormones
Steroid hormones
Peptide hormones
Hormones to be familiar with:
ADH
oxytocin
ACTH
CRH
TSH
Aldosterone
PTH
Calcitonin
What is the role of the pancreas (endocrine)?
What is the role of the pineal gland?
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
Chapter 12
Know muscle actions (table 12.1)
Know the coverings of the muscle
1.
2.
3.
Review the parts of the sarcomere (bands/zones, etc) and know what happens when the muscle contracts.
Know the steps in the sliding filament theory (muscle contraction)
What is the motor unit?
What is the motor end plate?
What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?
What ion is required for muscle contraction?
What is ATP’s role in skeletal muscle contraction?
Know the following:
Treppe
Tetnus
Isotonic contraction
Isometric contraction
Concentric contraction
Eccentric contraction
Fast twitch fibers
Slow twitch fibers
Which are high/low-oxidative?
Which are high/low glycolytic?
How does endurance or strength training improve muscle performance?
What happens to muscle doe to aging?
How do cardiac muscles contract?
How do smooth muscles contract?
Review table 12.7 and 12.8