Study Guide for Chapter 7: Human Ecology: Our Changing relationship with the Environment
1. Who 1st called our planet “Spaceship Earth”? 2. What did he mean by that?
3. What kind of problems is the earth experiencing?
Section 7.1 Human Biological Evolution
4a. What was the 1st mammal in our ancestral line? 4b.What were the 1st primates called?
4c. The 1st “Ape-like” creatures that we are sure humans evolved from are called ______.
5. These creatures gave rise to modern apes and to the 1st “Human-like” creature called ______.
6. When did Australopithecines 1st appear in the fossil record? 7a. When did “Homo sapiens” 1st appear?
7b.When did “Modern” humans 1st appear? (My lecture) 8. What does “Bipedalism” mean?
9. Bipedalism led to two major changes in our development. These are ______& ______.
10. These developments ..…. set the stage for ______.
11. Expanded food production and other technology led to an increase in ______.
Section 7.2 our Changing Relationship with Nature
12. What are the 3 distinct cultural phases of society?
13a. For how long were we “Hunter-Gatherers”? 13b.What are the characteristics (features) of such a society?
14. Why did the size of human population not increase very much during this time?
15. We think early humans were largely responsible for the extinction of ______in North America.
16. When did the agricultural Revolution begin? 17. What does “Swidden” mean?
18. Where did seed crops originate? 19. What invention led to a big increase in crop production? When?
20. Mass production of food caused what two major changes?
21. Why did some people leave farms for villages and towns? 22. What did they do in the towns?
23. The shift to mass-produced foods may have had what harmful effect?
24. What does history record as the reasons for fertile land becoming barren? 25.Where and when did this occur?
26. The success of agriculture resulted in an ______.
27. The Industrial Revolution resulted from a shift of making things by _____ to making them by ______.
28. Where and when did the industrial revolution occur? 29. What made it possible?
30. What are some of the consequences of mass-produced goods?
31. What other technological advances further increased food production and improved life in general?
32. What happened to the size of human population?
33. When did the” Advanced Industrial” age begin?
34. Several features distinguish this Advanced Ind. The 1st is marked by an increase in ______and ______.
35. These resulted in huge ______and ______.
36. Be able to describe the energy needs at each stage of our cultural development.
37. What is a calorie? A Calorie? A kilocalorie?
38. The 2nd characteristic of an advanced industrial society is a shift towards ______and ______.
Section 7.3 The Population, Resources, and Pollution Model
39. What does this model show?
40. Define the terms: Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable.
41. What are negative and positive feedback loops? 42. How does each affect the environment?
Section 7.4 A Sustainable Society
43. The author ends this chapter by listing some encouraging signs that humans are beginning to change some of
our human systems. What are some of these changes?