Study Guide for BI 121 Exam 1 Chapters 1, 2, 3
Chapter 1
- Define anatomy and physiology
- Explain the relationship between anatomy and physiology
- Describe or diagram the levels of biological structural organization
- List the 11 body systems, giving at least one major structure and one major organ for each system
- Describe the necessary life functions
- Describe the body’s survival needs
- Define homeostasis
- Describe or diagram the elements of a homeostatic control system
- Compare and contrast positive feedback and negative feedback, give an example of each.
- Identify the anterior and posterior body landmarks
- Use the proper directional term when describing the location of an organ or structure
- Identify the three main types of planes/sections
- Identify the major body cavities and their subdivisions
- Identify the major organs found in the major body cavities and their subdivisions.
- Use abdominopelvic regions and quadrants to identify the locations of underlying organs
Chapter 2
- Define matter and energy, give examples of each
- Define potential and kinetic energy, give an example of each
- Identify the four types of energy, give an example of each
- Describe one way energy can be converted from one form to another
- Describe or diagram the structure of an atom in both the planetary and orbital model
- Describe how atoms differ from each other (think #’s of subatomic particles)
- Define isotope
- Give an example of a molecule and compound
- Describe the roll of electrons in chemical bonding
- Explain how the “rule of 8’s” determines the number of bonds an atom can make
- Define ionic bonds, give an example
- Define covalent bonds, give an example
- Define hydrogen bonds, give an example
- Describe the three types of chemical reactions
- Differentiate between organic and inorganic compounds
- Describe the 4 properties that make water so vital to living things
- Define salt, give an example
- Compare and contrast acids and bases, give an example of each
- Understand how to use the pH scale to indicate acidity or alkalinity
- Compare and contrast the four major macromolecules, give an example of each
- Describe the importance of biological enzymes
- Describe or diagram the structure of ATP
- Describe why ATP is so important for cells to function properly
Chapter 3
Part 1
- Define interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid
- Identify or describe the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
- List the structures of the nucleus, and explain the function of chromatin and nucleoli
- Identify or describe the organelles of a cell, and list their general functions
- Describe the membrane junctions that hold cells together
- Explain how structure and function apply to cell types
- Define selective permeability
- Describe passive and active transport processes
- Describe how diffusion works
- Describe how osmosis works
- Differentiate between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
- Describe how filtration works
- Define solute pumping and bulk transport
- Describe or diagram the process of DNA replication
- Describe or diagram the stages of mitosis and what is happening in the cells during each stage
- Define gene
- Compare and contrast DNA and RNA, give at least 3 differences between the two
- Describe or diagram the process of transcription
- Describe or diagram the process of translation
Part II
- List the four types of body tissues
- Describe the classification of epithelial tissue, give locations where the various types of epithelial tissue can be found
- Define endocrine gland and exocrine gland
- Describe the classification of connective tissue, give locations where the various types of connective tissue can be found
- Describe the classification of muscular tissue, give locations where the three types of muscle tissue can be found
- Describe what types of cells can be found in nervous tissue
- Describe the processes of regeneration and fibrosis
Use this study guide, the lecture notes, the textbook, and plenty of quality study time to properly prepare for the exam.