STUDY GUIDE Ch 7
Chapter 7: States of Consciousness
ReadPages 271-279
Q1. Explain this view of consciousness “It does not make the car go, it just reflects what’s happening”
Q2. Provide an example of how does conscious awareness enable us to exert voluntary controls
Q3. Provide an example of how consciousness is known to lag behind the brain events that evoke it
Q4. How does conscious take place in sequence compared to unconscious parallel processing?
Q5. Describe the nine altered states of consciousness
Q6. Provide an example of an annual cycle, twenty-eight day cycle, twenty-four hour cycle, and 90-minute cycle
Q7. How does age play a factor in individuals as “owls” or larks” relevant to the circadian rhythm
Q8. How do we cure jet lag after a long transcontinental flight?
Q9. How does activating light sensitive retinal proteins affect the circadian clock?
Q10. Describe the “Monday morning blues”
Q11. Why do we have to discipline ourselves to go bed on time and force ourselves to get up?
Q12. What did Eugene Aserinsky discover when testing an EEG on his sleeping son?
Q14. How did William Dement observe the moment the perceptual door between the outside world slam shut?
Q15. What are hypnaogogic sensations experienced during stage 1 sleep
Q16. Describe sleep spindles during stage 2 sleep
Q17. Describe behaviors exhibited during stage 4 sleep?
Q18. Describe physiological effects of REM sleep
Q19. Why is REM sleep called paradoxical sleep?
Q20. Describe the content of REM sleep dreams
Q21. How many dreams do we have during a year and a lifetime?
ReadPages 279-285
Q1. Why is the idea that “everyone needs 8 hours of sleep” untrue?
Q2. Describe “The brain keeps an accurate count of sleep debt for at least two weeks”
Q3. Describe the benefits of increased sleep
Q4. William Dement reported what consequences of sleep deprivation?
Q5. Describe the accident frequency of springtime change and fall time change
Q6. Describe three devastating disaster due to sleep deprivation
Q7. How does sleep loss affect us in more subtle ways?
Q8. Based on evolutionary psychology, how does sleep protect us?
Q9. How does sleep restore and repair brain tissue?
Q10. How does sleep help us remember memories?
Q11. How does sleep play a role in the growth process?
Q12. Describe 5 natural alternatives to insomnia
Q13. How does an absence of a neurotransmitter play a role in narcolepsy?
Q14. How is obesity linked to sleep apnea?
Q15. Describe the symptoms of a night terror, and how are they different from nightmares?
Q16. During what stage does sleepwalking and sleepwalking occur?
ReadPages 285-290
Q1. Describe “hallucinations of the sleeping mind”
Q2. How do blind people dream?
Q3. Describe some facts some specific details about the content of dreams?
Q4.Why do we forget dreams when waking in the morning?
Q5. According to Freud, how is a dream’s manifest a symbolic version of it’s latent content?
Q6. Why do some researchers denounce Freud’s wish fulfillment of dreams?
Q7. How are dreams like information processing?
Q8. How do we experience REM sleep, in part, to remember?
Q9. Describe the effects of students suffering from sleep bulimia, binge sleeping on the weekends
Q10. Describe the activation-synthesis theory
Q11. Describe the limbic system roles in dreams relating to Freud’s dream theories
Q12. Describe how cognitive researchers view our dreams part of brain maturation and cognitive development
Q13. What is the on thing that all dream researchers agree on?
Q14. What does it suggest that REM sleep occurs only in mammals?
Q15. What do advocates of dream reflection suggest?
ReadPages 290-296
Q1. How did Anton Mesmer discover hypnosis?
Q2. What abilities those under hypnosis do posses?
Q3. Describe hypnotic “susceptibility”?
Q4. Describe age-regression
Q5. How do “hypnotically refreshed memories” combine fact with fiction?
Q6. Describe the dangerous act researchers Martin Orne and Fredrick Evans demonstrated that hypnotized people could be induced to perform and why?
Q7. Provide example of post hypnotic suggestions in helping patients harnessing the own healing powers?
Q8. Describe the two theories of hypnotic pain relief such as when hypnotized people put their arms in an ice bath for 25 minutes and feel no pain?
Q9. What do PET scans reveal about hypnosis and pain stimuli?
Q10. How do people begin to feel and behave in ways appropriate the role of the “good hypnotic subject”?
Q11. How did Ernest Hilgard view hypnotic dissociation?
Q12. What do researchers mean when they refer to a “hypnotic state”?
Q13. Describe Khilstorn's and McConkey’s “unified account of hypnosis”
ReadPages 296-304
Q1. Describe neuroadaptation
Q2. What are undesirable effects of withdrawal?
Q3. Describe the three myths on addiction and provide examples for each myth
Q4. Describe the physiological effects of alcohol
Q5. How does alcohol impair judgment and memory?
Q6. Describe the experiment by David Abrams and Terence Wilson and this research illustrates levels of analysis and behavior?
Q7. How do barbiturate drugs mimic the effects of alcohol?
Q8. Describe the consequences when the brain is repeatedly flooded with an artificial opiate
Q9. Describe the cocaine euphoria and crash on the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
Q10. What are the symptoms of cocaine addiction human and animal users?
Q11. How does increased usage of Ecstasy affect the neurotransmitter serotonin?
Q12. How does psychologist Ronald Siegel describes the hallucination experience
Q13. What are some consequences of marijuana as sited by The National academy of Science and National Institute on Drug Abuse?
Q14. Describe the discovery of THC-sensitive receptors and where are they located?
Q15. Describe how the emotions-trigger-opposing-emotions principle parallels that of drug-induced pleasures
ReadPages 304-308
Q1. Describe the three examples of the marijuana-related trends
Q2. Describe the alcohol-related trend
Q3. Describe six warning signs of alcoholism
Q3. Describe six examples of evidence that heredity influences some aspects of alcohol abuse problems
Q4. Describe the dopamine reward circuit
Q5. What psychological factor did Newcomb and Harlow discover concerning influences of drugs?
Q6. How is peer influence a major social influence on drug use?
Q7. What are the three possible channels of influence for drug prevention and treatment?
Q8. How has the media influence alcohol usage?
Rd Pages 308-310
Q1. How do near-death experiences parallel with Ronald Siegel’s description so the typical hallucinogenic experience?
Q2. How do near-death investigators object to the comparison of near-death experience to hallucinations?
Q3. Describe the dualist’s perspective on the near-death experience
Q4. Describe the monist’s perspective on the near-death experience
Q5. Does your understanding of mind-brain science and your personal philosophy or faith incline you toward monism or dualism?