Study Guide Cells Unit Test

Study Guide Cells Unit Test

Matching. Write the letter of the correct response on the line. You may use the responses more than once.

A. proteinsB. simple carbohydrates C. complex carbohydrates D. lipids

_____ 1. Source of quick energy for cells.

_____ 2. Steak, chicken, turkey.

_____ 3. Starch

_____ 4. DNA holds the instructions for making these

_____ 5. Source of slow burning energy

_____ 6. May be stored as fat; repels water

_____ 7. Apples, pears, and grapefruit

_____ 8. Made of amino acids

_____ 9. Used by body to repair or build new parts such as hair, nails or muscles.

_____ 10. Carbohydrates such as bread, pasta, or baked potatoes.

11. How are cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems related? (List how each is related to the next, i.e. tissues are made of cells that work together, organs are…)

12. Define homeostasis. Describe an example of how your body maintains homeostasis.

13. List 5 characteristics shared by all living things.

______

______

______

______

______

14. Compare a plant cell to an animal cell.

Name 3 differences between plant and animal cells.

a. ______

b. ______

c. ______

Match the cell to the description. Some choices will be used more than once.

1. Animal Cell
2. Plant Cell
3. Bacterial Cell

______15. Which will do cellular respiration?

______16. Which produces lactic acid if it is overworked?

______17. Which will do photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

______18. Prokaryotic

______19. Eukaryotic

20. Write the function for each organelle:

Cell wall – ______

Cell membrane – ______

Mitochondria – ______

Ribosomes – ______

Endoplasmic reticulum – ______

Golgi Complex______

Cytoplasm – ______

Nucleus – ______

Nucleolus – ______

Chloroplast – ______

Vacuoles – ______

DNA – ______

Match the name of the organelle involved in the following processes.

_____ 21. diffusion A. chloroplasts

_____ 22. respiration B. nucleus

_____ 23. photosynthesis C. mitochondria

_____ 24. osmosisD. cell membrane

_____ 25. ATP “production”E. vacuole

Identify the process described in the following examples. Choose from these words: Osmosis, diffusion, active transport, fermentation, photosynthesis, respiration.

1. white blood cells wrapping around bacterial cells to eat them ______
2. smelling vanilla through a balloon ______
3. raisins becoming plump in water ______
4. chloroplasts using sunlight to make glucose ______
5. mitochondria using glucose and oxygen ______
6. lactic acid building in your muscles ______

1. Write the equation for cellular respiration.

1. Write the equation for photosynthesis.

1. How are photosynthesis and respiration related?

1. Besides osmosis and diffusion, what are 2 other ways that cells can move materials in and out of the cell?

36. Look at the following diagrams. Draw arrows to indicate where molecules are moving.

Read the following scenario and answer the questions that follow.

Nick’s mother packed him sliced apples in his lunch everyday. Nick was disappointed when he would open his lunch and find brown, mushy apples. Nick decided that he would try to find a way to keep his sliced apples crisp and white. He packed apple slices 3 different ways and recorded his observations in the chart below.

1. What was the control in the experiment?

1. What was the independent variable?

1. What was the dependent variable?

1. Using your knowledge of diffusion, explain why the apple slice was crisp with stored in sugar water but soft when stored in sugar.

41. Label the diagram.

What type of cell is pictured above?

43.

43. Identify 2 examples of stimulus/response:

a. stimulus: b. response:

a. stimulus: b. response:

44. What is metabolism?

Health: The Scrape of the Future

What did you do the last time you scraped your knee? You probably put a bandage on it, and before you realized it your knee was as good as new. Bandages serve as barriers that help prevent infection and further injury. But what if there were such a thing as a living bandage that actually helped your body heal? It sounds like science fiction, but it’s not!

The Main Factor

An injury to the skin, such as a scraped knee, triggers skin cells to produce and release a steady stream of proteins that heal the injury. These naturally occurring proteins are called human growth factors, or just growth factors. Growth factors specialize in rebuilding the body. Some reconstruct connective tissue that provide structure for the new skin, some help rebuild blood vessels in a wounded area, and still others stimulate the body’s immune system. Thanks to growth factors, scraped skin usually heal in just a few days.

Help from a Living Bandage

Unfortunately, healing isn’t always an easy, natural process. Someone with a weakened immune system may be unable to produce enough growth factors to heal a wound properly. For example, someone with severe burns may have lost the ability in a burned area to produce the proteins necessary to rebuild healthy tissues. In these cases, using manufactured human growth factors can greatly assist the healing process.

Recent advances in bioengineering can help people whose immune system prevents them from healing naturally. The Genetically Engineered Biological Bandage (GEBB) is a special bandage that is actually a bag of living skin cells taken from donors. The cells’ DNA is manipulated to produce human growth factors. The GEBB is about 1 cm thick and consists of three layers: a thin gauze layer; a thin permeable membrane; and a dome-shaped silicone bag containing the growth factors. The bandage is applied to the wound just as a normal bandage is, with the gauze layer closest to the injury. The growth factors leave the silicone bag through the membrane and pass through the gauze into the wound. There they act on the wound just as the body’s own growth factors would.

Time-Release Formula

The GEBB also helps heal wounds more quickly. It maximizes the effectiveness of growth hormones by releasing them at a constant rate over 3 to 5 days.

Because GEBB initiates the body’s own healing processes, other versions of the living bandage will likely be used in the future to treat a variety of wounds and skin conditions, such as severe acne.

45. What is the theme (main idea) of the section entitled “Help from a Living Bandage”?

______

46. Identify 2 benefits of the GEBB. ______

47. Read the following excerpt from the selection:

The GEBB is about 1 cm thick and consists of three layers: a thin gauze layer; a thin permeable membrane; and a dome-shaped silicone bag containing the growth factors. The bandage s applied to the wound just as a normal bandage is, with the gauze layer closest to the injury. The growth factors leave the silicone bag through the membrane and pass through the gauze into the wound. There they act on the wound just as the body’s own growth factors would.

1. What does the word “permeable” mean in the paragraph above? ______
2. What part of the cell is described as being “semi-permeable”? Why? ______