Solid Waste Management Detailed Project Report (DPR)

The Corporation of the City of Panaji has prepared a detailed project Report (DPR) and allied Engineering Drawings on Solid Waste Management Plan for Panaji City on an integrated approach line with the guidelines of MoEF / CPCB and MSW Rules 2000.

The detailed Project Report covers an introduction to project, background of the planning area, Status of the existing Solid Waste Management System, proposed MSW Management system with cost estimate, equipment’s and their specifications, route plans, design of waste Management facility with cost estimates, conceptual design of sanitary landfill with cost estimates and engineering drawings, operational and Maintenance aspects, Cost of proposed system, Financial frame work including public private participation in establishing the MSW facility.

Panaji City has a population of 59066 souls (census 2001). It is spread in an area of 8.12 sq.kms. The length of the road is 77 km. There are 68 nos of decentralized composting facilities spread all over the city. Corporation has about 550 nos of Sanitary workers which include 315 nos.of safai karmcharis on daily wage basis and a fleet of 38 vehicles of different type / age to carry out MSWM activity. The Panaji city is bin free and the waste from the generators is collected from the source through door-to-door collection system. The waste is segregated at source into wet and dry fractions. About 60% of the residential complexes have been covered under 4 way segregation of dry waste namely Paper, Plastics, Metal/Glass and others. The wet waste is composted in the composting units / stations spread all over the city. The dry waste is transported to the sorting centres for further sorting and recovery of recyclables.

The Corporation of the City of Panaji incurs significant expenditure on MSWM. The capital expenditure on this activity is financed mainly from the grants received from the Government.

An analysis of the data indicates that a total quantity of 72.2 TPD waste is generated in Panaji city out of which 37% (27 TPD) is organic, 17% (22.2 TPD) is non-Biodegradable, 34% (25 TPD) is conception and demolition waste, 11% (8 TPD) is garden waste. The calculations also suggest that per capita waste generation is 0.255 kgs / capita / day.This proposed 100 TPD Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Project Comprising of MSW Collection, Storage & Transportation System and Integrated MSW processing Facility at baigunium Village of Tiswadi Taluka in North Goa, District, Goa

The Existing Municipal solid waste is stored in a segregated form at the generator level viz. houses, hotels, restaurants, commercial area. The residential units and all the commercial establishments in the city other than Hotels & Restaurants store their waste in a 2-bin system i.e Biodegradable (wet waste) and Non-biodegradable (dry waste). All the hotels and restaurants are covered under4-way dry waste segregation. The dry waste is stored in four fractions in LDPE bags. Each fraction is stored in a specific colour LDPE bags specified by the Corporation. 60% of the residential complexes are also covered under 4-way segregation of dry waste. The dry waste from these residential complexes is stored in 240 litre trolley bins provided by Corporation. The four dry waste fractions are paper, plastics, metal / glass and others (multi layered material, foils, thermocol, textile etc). The waste is collected door-to-door in a segregated manner through CCP Workers. Bio-degradable waste is collected on daily basis. Non-biodegradable waste from residential units and commercial establishments is collected bi-weekly basis. Non Bio-degradable waste from residential complexes covered under 4 way segregation and hotels and restaurants is collected on daily basis. Manual transfer of bio-degradable waste up to the decentralised composting units is done by means of 240 liter bins through CCP workers. Manual transfer of non-biodegradable waste up to the pick-up points is done by means of 240 liter trolley bins through CCP workers. Transfer of waste from 240 liter bins into the hydraulic trucks with side lifting mechanism and rear loading compactors is carried out by the CCP workers. Transportation of bio-degradable waste from Municipal market up to the Bulk composting station located in the market complex is carried out by means of 240 litres trolley bins. Transportation of the non-biodegradable waste collected from pick-up points is done to the sorting centre located at St. Inez, Panaji. At present the non-recyclable waste material is bailed and forwarded to cement companies in Karnataka and the rejects from the sorting centre are transportated and dumped at one of the temporary site located in the city.

The brief about the existing waste management system with respective MSW Rules 2000 is provided as under.

Municipal solid waste is stored in a segregated form at the generator level viz. houses, hotels, restaurants, commercial area. The residential units and all the commercial establishments in the city other than Hotels & Restaurants store their waste in a 2-bin system i.e Biodegradable (wet waste) and Non-biodegradable (dry waste). All the hotels and restaurants are covered under 4 way dry waste segregation. The dry waste is stored in four fractions in LDPE bags. Each fraction is stored in a specific colour LDPE bags specified by the Corporation. 60% of the residential complexes are also covered under 4-way segregation of dry waste. The dry waste from these residential complexes is stored in 240 litre trolley bins provided by Corporation. The four dry waste fractions are paper, plastics, metal / glass and others (multi layered material, foils, thermocole, textile etc).
The waste is collected door-to-door in a segregated manner through CCP Workers.
Bio-degradable waste is collected on daily basis.
Non-biodegradable waste from residential units and commercial establishments is collected bi-weekly basis.
Non Bio-degradable waste from residential complexes covered under 4 way segregation and hotels and restaurants is collected on daily basis.
Manual transfer of bio-degradable waste up to the decentralised composting units is done by means of 240 liter bins through CCP workers.
Manual transfer of non-biodegradable waste up to the pick-up points is done by means of 240 liter trolley bins through CCP workers.
Transfer of waste from 240 liter bins into the hydraulic trucks with side lifting mechanism and rear loading compactors is carried out by the CCP workers
Transportation of bio-degradable waste from Municipal market up to the Bulk composting station located in the market complex is carried out by means of 240 litres trolley bins.
Transportation of the non-biodegradable waste collected from pick-up points is done to the sorting centre located at St. Inez, Panaji.
At present the non-recyclable waste material is bailed and forwarded to cement companies in Karnataka and the rejects from the sorting centre are transported and dumped at one of the temporary site located in the city.

Disadvantages of the Existing System

Sanitary workers involved in door-to-door collection, transferring of waste to the pick-up points and in the composting operation have not been provided with appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)s
The existing number of composting units is insufficient in numbers to process the bio-degradable component of waste generated and collected at present and beyond.
Finding areas in Panaji city for setting up of new de-centralized compost units is a difficult proposition due to the fact that in Panaji city, land is scarce commodity and not available for setting up the required MSW facilities.
De-centralized compositing units are becoming difficult to manage and monitor considering the total number of units setup in the city.
Present sorting centre for non-biodegradable waste (dry waste) is not sufficient enough for the quantum of non-biodegradable waste received at the centre and not efficient because of being completely manual in operation.
Crude disposal of Construction & demolition waste is happening without any facility for disposal and resource recovery.
Most of the vehicles involved in the waste transportation have surpassed their economic life.
Present workshop located at CCP is lacking in space for parking the vehicles and also in equipments for undertaking major repair works.
Crude dumping of waste is happening at various locations in the outskirts of the city due to the absence of a centralised Engineered MSW treatment facility.
Un-scientific management of slaughter house waste with no proper arrangements for its safe disposal.

Proposed system

Brief about the proposed system

The ISWM system has been proposed for the design year 2040, for a total capacity of 100 TPD. Out of 100 TPD, 19 TPD is dry recycleable waste, 37 TPD of wet biodegradable waste, 33 TPD of construction debris and 11 TPD of tree waste.
The primary storage of solid waste at the household level in segregated manner to be done in 10 liter (for bio-degradable waste) capacity bins of green colour and 20 liter (for non-biodegradable waste) capacity bin of black colour.
Primary storage of solid waste in segregated manner at the Hotels, Restaurants etc., to be done in 240 liter bins and colour coded bags .
Primary Storage of solid waste in segregated manner at the Municipal Market to be done in 240 lites capacity trolley bins.
Locations for temporary storage of Construction & Demolition (C&D) Waste at Zone level.
For primary collection of Solid waste from the generators, 240 liter trolley bins have to be provided.
The Secondary Storage at the public places such as parks, ferry points and tourist places such as beached to be done in 240 liter capacity trolley bins.
In case of the household waste, the transfer of waste from the household to the nearest pick-up point to be done by means of 240 litres capacity trolley bins. Bio-degradable waste and non Bio-degerdable waste to be collected on daily basis by separate vehicles and transported to the ISWM facility at Bainguinim.
At the Municipal Market, waste from 240 litre capacity trolley bins will be transferred directly into 8 cum capacity refuse collector.
In case of other generators such as Hotels, restaurants and commercial areas, the Bio-degradable (wet) waste put in green polythelene bags and stored in the 240 liter capacity bins to be collected directly by 8 cum capacity refuse collectors and the non Bio-degradable (dry) waste shall be segregated in four fractions and put in different colour coded polythelene bags prescribed by CCP.
Cattle lifting machine to be provided for preventing the stray animal menace.
A centralized MSW facility to be provided with the following facilities,

A material recovery facility (MRF) for sorting and recycling of the dry fraction

Waste-to-Energy plant based on bio-methantion & composting facility. Electricity generated to be used for in-house plant operation

Reuse of construction debris for filling of low lying area

Reuse of mulched tree waste as structure material in the compost plant

Storage and safe disposal of the E-waste.

The centralized facility shall be using proper treatment equipment and conveyors for handling the waste. The plant to be operated using programmable logic controller and Scada based automation to ensure process efficiency and minimum manual opertaion.
A tree mulcher with a trailer system to be provided to mulch the tree cutting waste generated in large quanity in the city daily.
Bio-medical Waste to be sent at the Goa Medical college facilities for the final disposal in environmentally sound manner.

Advantages of the Proposed System

All the workers involved in collection & transportation of waste as well as those involved in street sweeping to be provided with personal protective equipments.
Transportation of waste from the pickup points by rear loading compactors would avoid manual handling and spillage of leacheat on the roads.
Direct transfer of waste from mini-tipper to refuse Collector completely avoiding manual contact with waste.
Refuse collector bins for storage of market waste leading to increased capacity for storage
Direct transfer of waste from Refuse collector bins in to Refuse Collector completely avoiding manual contact with waste.
A Centralized Integrated Solid Waste management (ISWM) Facility with provisions for MRF Facility, Biomethantion system along with gas engines, In-Vessel Composting system, Sanitary Landfill, Mobile vehicles, workshop, Facility centre for operators having canteen, shower area and medical room, Administration building, laboratory, Resource centre, Car & Vechile parks, effluent treatment and recycle plant, Container storage yard, road network, peripheral drains, green buffer belt, site & street lighting, ESR, fire water system, borewell, ground water monitoring wells and plant fencing.
Complete facility to have automatic operation and a PLC/Scada control from a central control station.
State-of Art, centralized Material recovery facility for recovering recyclables out of the non-biodegradable component of city waste with provisions for screening, manual sorting on a conveyor belt, magnetic separator, bailing, packing and storage facilities.
Biodegradable fraction shall be extruded, and converted into bio-gas/ electricity using anaerobic bio-methantion technology. The residue shall be composted using completely enclosed rotating in-vessel composting drums followed by storage, screening and bagging operation.
Engineered Sanitary Landfill facility with provisions for leachate management to scientifically landfill the reject component from the MRF as well as the inert residue from the bio-degradable fraction.
Electricity generated from the plant to be used to run in-house plant operations and reduce operation cost.
Sale of various recycled products, compost and RDF to provide a revenue source reducing the plant operating cost and making the operation extremely viable and profitable.
Local manpower to be trained in operating the facilities to improve skill sets and competence.
A special Resource centre to exhibit the potential of converting waste into useful products and also conducting regular tours for visitors, students and other academicians involved in sustainable waste management solutions.

In the DPR Municipal Solid Waste Management, operation, Primary and Secondary collection and transportation are proposed in accordance with the guidelines issued by CPCB / MoPF, actual site conditions as depicted from the extensive services conducted and in line with MSW Rules 2000.
New containers and bins have been proposed for primary collection and secondary storage of waste. Along with the utilization of some of the existing vehicles, modern transport vehicles have been proposed for waste transportation.
For the design of sanitary landfill, important issues like waste to be handled, access road, land area, evaluation of geology and hydrology of the site, surface drainage, operational plan, layout of MSw landfill, completed waste fill features, estimation of landfill capacity, embankment, foundation, selection of liner systems, selection leachate control facilities, selection of landfill gas control facilities, aesthetic consideration, post closure care, ground water protection, monitoring facility, determination of equipment requirement, estimated cost of the project design life have been carefully analysed and a rational concept has been developed.
Design has also been developed for the processing facility, material recovery facility and other facilities. The cost estimates are prepared an area requirement work out.

COST OF THE PROPOSED SCHEME

Sr.
No. / Particulars / Price
(INR Lakhs)
1.0 / Collection, Storage & Transportation System
1.1 / Primary Waste Collection and Storage / 57.91
1.2 / Transportation Infrastructure / 185.57
Ref.p g No.63 of Vol. 1 of 1 (DPR) Sub Total…..1 / 243.48
2.0 / Integrated MSW Processing Facility
2.1 / Civil Works / 1398.39
2.2 / Development of Landfill Cells / 226.2
2,3 / Mechanical, Electrical & Instrumentation Works / 6404.11
2.4 / Electrical & Instrumentation Works / 414.97
Ref. Pg No.1 of Vol. 2 of 1 (Detailed Estimate)
Sub Total…..2 / 8,443.67
3.0 / Total…..1+2 / 8,687.15
4.0 / Contingencies @ 3% on "3" / 3.00% / 260.61
5.0 / Grand Total with Contingencies…..3+4 / 8947.76