Name ______Period ______
Social Studies - Study guide for final
Write a definition for each vocabulary word
Farming and Gathering:
- Geographyrelationship between physical features and people
- Nomada person who travels from place to place
- Carbon datingmethod of estimating how old something is
- Social divisiona group that does a certain type of work
- Migrateto move from one place to another
Mesopotamia:
- Covenantan agreement
- Empirea large territory under one ruler
- Polytheismbelief or worship in many gods
- Dynastythe ruling family of an empire
- Monotheismthe belief or worship of one god
- Barterto trade goods or services
Egypt:
- Red Land dry land 90% of Egypt
- Black Land fertile land
- Silt a mixture of soil and rocks
- Delta a triangular shaped area of soil at the mouth of a river
World Religions:
- Torah The sacred text of the Jewish (Judaism)
- Karmaif you do good things, good things come to you
- Ramadana Muslims tradition of fasting from sunrise to sunset
- MeccaThe place where Muslims make their pilgrimage to
- MosqueA Muslim’s (Islam) place of worship
Indus River Valley:
- Sudra a serf in Hindu society
- Vedas contains hymns and stories of the Aryans
- Caste a social order that you are born into
- Brahmin priest or teacher, held highest order in Aryan society
- Tell me where Mesopotamia is located in ancient what and present day what?
Iraq and ancient day Fertile Crescent
- What did the Phoenicians give us?
an alphabet of 22 characters
27. What makes the way the Nile river flow different from other rivers and how does it flow?
South to North due to the landforms
28. How did plant and animal domestication affect the lives of early humans?
People could settle in one place and had more food
29. Who built the Great Wall of China and why?
To protect the empire from Northern invaders, Qin Shi Huang
Greece:
- AssemblyA governing body in Athens
- democracy A government ruled by the people
- philosopherA person who studies truth and knowledge
- aristocracyA government ruled by a few wealthy people
- How did Greek ideas get spread throughout other cultures?
Trade and conquering other places
- Which city-state had a policy regarding sick infants and what was their policy?
Sparta to put any unhealthy infants on the mountainside to die
- Who was a general from Macedonia that gained a lot of popularity and list two places he took over?
Alexander the Greattook over Syria, Phoenicia, Egypt, and Persia
- Which doctor was called the father of medicine and why?
Hippocrates looked for natural causes of diseases;present day drs.take a Hippocratic oath
Romans:
- Plebeians common Roman citizens with little wealth or power
- Dictator a ruler with total control over the people
- Tribune appointed to protect the rights of Plebeians
- Persecute to punish others for their beliefs
- Vandal someone who destroys property
- Pope leader of the Roman Catholic church
- Gladiator a prisoner or slave who was a professional fighter
- Patricians wealthy power citizens of Rome
- Consul a governing body
- Veto means to forbid or say no
- What does Italy look like on a map and what is its geography like?
boot, mountainous, peninsula
- When was the Pax Romano and what was it?
a200 yr. period of peace following Augustus’ reign
50.Who were two of the “bad emperors” in Rome and give one reason why were they considered “bad”
Caligula and Nero
Caligula declared himself a god & tried to have his horse a senator/ Nero poisoned his stepbrother, killed mom & wife
51. Which best describes a Republic in ancient Rome
Citizens have the right to vote & choose their leaders
Give a description of each person
- Marcus Aurelius - He was a just ruler that lowered taxes, helped the poor, founded schools, orphanages and hospitals
- Caligula–He was a leader that was cruel, mentally unstable and wanted his horse to be a senator
- Hannibal-Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants to attack Rome
- Claudius - granted citizenship to more people and made improvements to Roman laws
- Julius Cesar - A famous general who said “Venividivici: I came, I saw, I conquered!”
- Augustus –a leader brought order & stability to Rome, improved the economy, started a police & fire brigade
Middle Ages
58. Manor System a way to manage feudal lands with organizing agricultural labor
59. Monarch the supreme ruler at the top of the feudalism social structure
60. Nun a woman who devoted her life to the Christian church
61. Three Field Rotation planting crops on manor lands and rotating between fields
62. Monastery a center for religion and education where monks lived
63. Conventwhere nuns studied, prayed and lived
64. Monk a man who devoted his life to Christian church
65. Serf farmed the land owned by the lords
66. Feudalism a political, social and economic system used in the Middle Ages
67. Epidemic a fast spreading disease
68. What three rivers are the most important to Europe and which one is the longest river in Europe?
Volga, Danube and Rhine Volga River is the longest
69. The Middle Ageswent by two other names, what were they and why were they called this?
Dark Ages or Medieval Period - between the two periods of Fall of Rome and Renaissance Dark Ages because it was a time without learning or discovery and lots of violence
70. Tell me about the Magna Carta, why was it put in place, when and what did it do?
People were upset with King John’s rule; he was selling royal positions, demanding more from the ppl.
King John had to agree to a set of promises. It contained 63 clauses and limited the power of the king
71. What was feudalism, how did it specifically affect the lives of the serfs and the nobles?
A political, social and economic system. The serfs could not own the land and had to work it for the other people in the social system. Lords and knights were loyal to the monarch and provided protection
72. Between 1095 and 1214 ,the pope called for the help of the Christians, what was this called and why was it a significant part of history?
Crusades. It was a time when the Catholic Church had total rule and were using indulgences to have people fight battles.
Renaissance:
73. Renaissancethe revived interest in Roman and Greek ideas
74.Indulgencea church’s pardon from punishment from sin
75.Excommunicateto expel
76.Circumnavigateto sail completely around the world
77. Armadaa fleet of warships
78. Reformationreligious movement to change the Catholic church
79. What cities in Italy were important to the Renaissance and why were they important?
Florence, Milan and Venice. They were major trade routes and where a lot of money was coming from
80. What was considered the greatest invention of the modern world and why was this invention so important?
Printing press. It allowed ideas to spread, allowed people to become educated and learn new things, it also changed the way people viewed the church because people could now read the Bible for themselves
81. What invention helped to spread Christianity? Who invented it? How did it help spread Christianity?
Johannes Gutenberg, printing press, it allowed more people to hear about Christianity
82. Copernicus and Galileo got in trouble with the Roman Catholic Church for what belief? What did the Roman Catholic Church believe about this same issue?
The earth revolves around the sun (heliocentric), the church believed that the earth was the center of the universe and all things moved around it (geocentric)
83. Who held the power, wealth and influence in Europe prior to the Renaissance, why do you think this was true?
The Roman Catholic Church because they taught that people needed to be in total obedience to the church
84. Martin Luther was opposed to something the Roman Catholic Church did. What was it? And why was he opposed to this?
Selling indulgences, because he felt that the church could not sell forgiveness
85. What was the Council of Trent, why did it happen and was the results of it?
Split into the Catholic and Protestant church,it was a counter action to the reformation
** Make sure you know how to label a compass, where all the continents and oceans go on a map and how to spell them **