Chapter 3 World Population and Global Inequality
A. Multiple-Choice
- The richest 2 percent of adults own more than ______percent of the world’s household wealth.
A)10
B)30
C)50
D)90
Answer: C
Learning Objective:
Page Reference: 55
Topic/A-head: Introduction
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- In 2012, ______had the most billionaires in the world.
A)Germany
B)China
C)Russia
D)the United States
Answer: D
Learning Objective:
Page Reference: 55
Topic/A-head: Introduction
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- According to the text, the poor nations remain poor because ______.
A)the fertility rate in developed nations is declining
B)powerful nations continue to exploit the labor of less developed nations
C)the poor continue to rely on social welfare instead of seeking employment
D)of the increase in the availability of productive land
Answer: B
Learning Objective:
Page Reference: 55
Topic/A-head: Introduction
Skill Level: Analyze It
- The world adds almost 1 million people every four ______.
A)hours
B)days
C)years
D)millennia
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.1
Page Reference: 55
Topic/A-head: World Population Growth
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- It is estimated that China’s one-child policy prevented ______births.
A)3 million
B)30 million
C)300 million
D)3 billion
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.1
Page Reference: 59
Topic/A-head: World Population Growth
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- There is a(n) ______relationship between per capita GNP and population growth rates.
A)causal
B)indirect
C)inverse
D)insignificant
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.1
Page Reference: 56
Topic/A-head: World Population Growth
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- China’s one-child policy is ______.
A)punishable by death if not followed
B)considered a human rights violation
C)followed by the entire population
D)not universal within the country
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 3.1
Page Reference: 59
Topic/A-head: World Population Growth
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- In the first stage of modern demographic transition the ______.
A)population growth is low
B)birth rate is low
C)death rate is low
D)economy is predominantly agricultural
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 3.1
Page Reference: 57
Topic/A-head: World Population Growth
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
- ______is the three-stage pattern of population change occurring as societies industrialize and urbanize, resulting in a low stable population growth rate.
A)fertility rate
B)fecundity rate
C)infant mortality rate
D)modern demographic transition
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 3.1
Page Reference: 56
Topic/A-head: World Population Growth
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
- Since the UN began funding family planning programs in developing nations there has been a(an) ______.
A)decline in the number of children born in less developed nations
B)increase in the number of children born in less developed nations
C)decline in the number of women using contraception
D)increase in the relative poverty rate in less developed nations
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.1
Page Reference: 58
Topic/A-head: World Population Growth
Skill Level: Analyze It
- The authors suggest that effectively reducing fertility involves ______.
A)providing women access to formal education
B)keeping women from having a voice in society
C)preventing women from engaging in activities outside the home
D)preventing women access to contraception
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.1
Page Reference: 60
Topic/A-head: World Population Growth
Skill Level: Analyze It
- One of the negative consequences of China’s one-child policy is that it ______.
A)aided economic growth
B)skewed the male/female ratio
C)limited population growth
D)encouraged marriage between ethnic groups
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.1
Page Reference: 59
Topic/A-head: World Population Growth
Skill Level: Analyze It
- ______is the worst epidemic in human history.
A)Influenza
B)HIV/AIDS
C)Malaria
D)Tuberculosis
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 65
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- Around ______million people die from malnutrition around the world each year.
A)1
B)5
C)9
D)15
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 61
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- According to the World Bank, 1.4 billion of the world’s people live on less than ______a day.
A)10 cents
B)a half a dollar
C)75 cents
D)$1.25
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 61
Topic/A-head:Poverty
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- In each country in which hunger is a basic problem, most of the land is controlled by ______.
A)the government
B)a small elite
C)the adult population
D)farmers
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 64
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- The condition where sometimes individuals and families become slaves by a choice forced by extreme poverty is called ______.
A)traditional slavery
B)new slavery
C)absolute poverty
D)corporate slavery
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 65
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- The chances throughout one’s life cycle to live and experience the good things in life are called ______.
A)absolute poverty lifestyles
B)demographic transitions
C)lifestyles
D)life chances
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 61
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- Health conditions that threaten the world’s poor include which of the following?
A)Frequent consumption of red meat, leading to diabetes among adults
B)Protein deficiency in infancy, resulting in permanent brain damage
C)Overconsumption of synthetic sugars, leading to ADHD in children
D)Consumption of complex carbohydrates, leading to obesity
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 64
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
- According to the text, the major reason for world hunger is ______.
A)an insufficient food production for the population
B)the control of farmland dominated by large corporations
C)the social organization of food production and distribution
D)the obesity rates in wealthy nations
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 61
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
- Which of the following is characteristic of developing nations?
A)Low rates of poverty, hunger, and misery
B)Low infant mortality rates
C)Relative powerlessness
D)Slow population growth
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 61
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
- ______contributes to the problem of food shortages in the developing world.
A)Low rates of air pollution
B)Shrinkage of productive land
C)Low infant mortality rates
D)Slow population growth
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 61
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
- The majority of the 34 million people living with HIV/AIDS live in ______.
A)Africa
B)Europe
C)India
D)the United States
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 65
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Analyze It
- “New slavery” in developing nations can be characterized by which of the following?
A)Girls frequently end up as domestic workers or prostitutes.
B)The majority of new slaves are White.
C)Slaves now share in the profit of their work.
D)Slaves can now easily apply for refugee status in the United States.
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 65-66
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Analyze It
- In 2011, ______was the number one seller of arms abroad for the nineteenth straight year.
A)Afghanistan
B)Iran
C)the United States
D)Syria
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 69
Topic/A-head:U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- About ______percent of the world’s people live in the overpopulated and poverty-afflicted developing world.
A)10
B)50
C)75
D)90
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 68
Topic/A-head: U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- In addition to the exploitation of the land and labor of their colonies, colonial superpowers also ______.
A)built schools and supported child development
B)supported local government leadership
C)destroyed cultural patterns of production and exchange
D)developed local systems of infrastructure
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 68
Topic/A-head: U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- Since the end of the Cold War, ______has sold well over $100 billion worth of weapons abroad.
A)Cuba
B)England
C)Russia
D)the United States
Answer: D
Page Reference: 69
Learning Objective: 3.3
Topic/A-head: U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- The top ten arms-exporting companies give millions to ______.
A)international terrorist organizations
B)federal election campaigns
C)humanitarian health and food aid
D)individual insurgents in poor countries
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 35
Topic/A-head: U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- Of the pesticides exported by the United States, ______percent are restricted or banned by the Environmental Protection Agency for domestic use.
A)10
B)25
C)50
D)75
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 70
Topic/A-head:U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- Which of the following is an example of corporate dumping in the developing world?
A)Exporting products that have been approved for sale in the United States
B)Shipping toxic waste produced in the United States for disposal in poor nations
C)Importing products from poor nations that are also produced in the United States
D)Exporting old military equipment to poor nations.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 70
Topic/A-head:U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- The exporting of goods that have been banned or not approved for sale in the United States because they are dangerous refers to ______.
A)corporate dumping
B)relative poverty
C)shared monopoly
D)absolute poverty
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 70
Topic/A-head:U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- A ______is a territory controlled by a powerful country that exploits the land and people for its own benefit.
A)consulate
B)corporation
C)colony
D)demographic
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 68
Topic/A-head:U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- A profit-oriented company engaged in business activities in more than one nation is a ______.
A)corporation
B)transnational corporation
C)corporate demographic
D)colony
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 69
Topic/A-head:U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- The world economy is controlled by ______.
A)transnational corporations
B)powerful nations
C)average citizens in the United States
D)average citizens in developing countries
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 69
Topic/A-head:U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- One of the reasons that poorer countries have not benefited from the profits of transnational corporations is that profits are ______.
A)used to increase military readiness
B)funneled directly to the government
C)mostly channeled back to the United States
D)used primarily for humanitarian aid
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 69
Topic/A-head: U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
- Global companies do not have a great impact on easing unemployment in poor nations because they ______.
A)primarily use child laborers
B)use advanced technology whenever feasible
C)bring an American workforce with them
D)have very high turnover rates
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 69
Topic/A-head: U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
- Why is corporate dumping problematic?
A)It helps create jobs for those in the developing world.
B)It contributes to pro-American sentiment.
C)It often ultimately affects people in the United States.
D)It is more expensive for corporations to dispose of materials in developing countries.
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 70-71
Topic/A-head:U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
- In order to defeat regimes unfriendly to its interests, the United States has sold arms directly to______.
A)countries that promote peace
B)terrorists and mercenaries
C)countries that violate human rights
D)international aid organizations
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 70
Topic/A-head: U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
- Which of the following was true of colonizers?
A)They used the majority of the crops planted to feed the local population.
B)They encouraged population growth among the local people to ensure a large supply of low-cost workers.
C)They distributed the country’s raw materials among the citizens.
D)They determined what crops should be planted based on the needs of the local population.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 68
Topic/A-head:U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Analyze It
- Colonialism has had which of the following consequences for developing nations?
A)It has created a relatively classless society.
B)It made the colonized nations more dependent on the developed world.
C)It discouraged fertility among indigenous people.
D)It supported indigenous social and economic structures.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.3
Page Reference: 68
Topic/A-head: U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Analyze It
- The United States experienced ______when arms it sold to Iraq were used against its forces in the Gulf and Iraq Wars.
A)negative return
B)capital gains
C)corporate dumping
D)blowback
Answer: D
Page Reference: 70
Learning Objective: 3.3
Topic/A-head: U.S. Relations with the Developing World
Skill Level: Analyze It
- In 2008, the United States spent ______on foreign aid.
A)$1 billion
B)$26 billion
C)$110 billion
D)$1 trillion
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.4
Page Reference: 71
Topic/A-head:United States in the Global Village
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- The majority of U.S. foreign aid to Egypt in 2008 was spent on ______.
A)weapons
B)education
C)healthcare
D)housing
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.4
Page Reference: 71
Topic/A-head:United States in the Global Village
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- The World Bank estimates that about ______would make birth control readily available globally.
A)$1 million
B)$1 billion
C)$8 billion
D)$20 billion
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 3.4
Page Reference: 71
Topic/A-head:United States in the Global Village
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- The United States spends about ______a year on defense.
A)$1 billion
B)$7 billion
C)$100 billion
D)$700 billion
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 3.4
Page Reference: 50
Topic/A-head:United States in the Global Village
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- Most microloans are given to ______.
A) men
B) women
C) children
D) boys between 12 and 18
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 3.4
Page Reference: 72
Topic/A-head:United States in the Global Village
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- What percentage of microloans is repaid?
A) 98 percent
B) 75 percent
C) 55 percent
D) 32 percent
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.4
Page Reference: 72
Topic/A-head:United States in the Global Village
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- Most microloans are usually ______.
A) around $50,000
B) over $15,000
C) over $1,000
D) under $100
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 3.4
Page Reference: 71
Topic/A-head:United States in the Global Village
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- Although microcredit programs have helped many poor families, ______.
A) they do not help the societal poverty rate
B) rural farmers are excluded from loan program
C) city dwellers are excluded from the loan program
D) individuals are excluded from the benefits
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 3.4
Page Reference: 71
Topic/A-head:United States in the Global Village
Skill Level: Analyze It
B. True/False
- Population growth momentum since the world reached 7 billion is slowing.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Objective: 3.1
Page Reference: 56
Topic/A-head: World Population Growth
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- The countries of the world are relatively equal in terms of levels of material conditions.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Objective:
Page Reference: 55
Topic/A-head: Introduction
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- The birth rates in countries dominated by Catholic (like Italy) or Muslim (like Iran) religious doctrines are universally higher than in non-religious countries.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Objective: 3.1
Page Reference: 59
Topic/A-head: World Population Growth
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- The number of people on this planet constitutes a potential future calamity.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Objective: 3.1
Page Reference: 55
Topic/A-head: World Population Growth
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
- There are currently 27 million slaves in the world today.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 65
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- Children are disproportionately the victims of chronic malnutrition.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 64
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
- Boys in impoverished nations are excluded from slavery and forced labor.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 66
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- According to the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, if food was evenly distributed, there would still not be enough food to provide the world’s population with an adequate daily diet.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 61
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- According to Bill Gates, the market drives scientists, thinkers, and governments to develop drugs to combat preventable diseases in developing nations.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 65
Topic/A-head: Poverty
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
- The United States supports the very conditions that perpetuate poverty in the developing world.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Objective: 3.2
Page Reference: 64
Topic/A-head:Poverty
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
C. Fill-in-the-Blank
- The average American’s carbon ______is twenty-three times bigger than that of the average Indian.
Answer: footprint