Soc213(001) Deviant Behavior Bogart Test1a 09/23/03

Soc213(001) Deviant Behavior Bogart Test1a 09/23/03

Part 1: Text Items (Thio)

Chapter 2 Positivist Theories

01a. Durkheim’s concept of anomie is most closely associated with societal failure to A. provide general success, B. to control it’s members through laws and customs, C. to meet basic biological needs, D. provide individuals meaning for individual lives, E. resolve the problem of gender inequality. (p. 18)

02a.According to Merton’s goal-means-gapmodel, someone who is able to realized success goals but, rejects the means to obtain those goals is:A.RebelliousB.RitualisticC.InnovativeD.Conforming E. Legitimate. (p. 19)

03a.According to Cohen's Status Frustration a lower-class boy will set up his own competitive system to compete for higher status. This competitive system Cohen named:A.Deviance frustration. B. Illegitimate opportunity C.Strain induced frustration D.Delinquent subcultureE.Legitimate institutional means. (p. 21)

04a.Cloward and Ohlin disagree with Merton in respect to: A.The need for high success goals B.Lower class frustration with success goals C.The existence of a gap between the goal and the meansD.The assumption of equal access to illegitimate opportunityE. When confronted with a lack of opportunity the lower class will always resort to illegitimate means.(p. 22)

05a.In Cloward & Ohlin’s _____ subculture, some youngsters have the opporuntity to achieve “rep” or status within a violent delinquent gang (e.g., through fighiting skill) while other youngsters cannot. A.Conflict B.Criminal C.Retreatist D.Conformist, E. Rebellious (p. 22)

06a. The claim that “Society, not the individual causes deviance” is most clearly associated with _____ theory. A. Strain B.Differential Reinforcement.C.Differential Association D.Differential Conditioning E. Control (p. 23)

07a.Least apt example of a social learning theory: A. differential association, B. differential identification, C. differential deterrence, D. differential reinforcement. (p. 26)

08a. Hirschi’s concept of the social bond is part of _____ theory. A. control, B. social learning,

C. deterrence, D. differential association, E. differential identification. (p. 26)

09a. According to Thio, the deterrence doctrine assumes that basically, humans are _____. A. ashamed B. easily understood C. easily influenced D. rational E. cynical (p. 29)

10a.According toThio, control theorists fail to see control as A. including deterrence, B. social in nature, C. effective, D. a possible cause of deviance, E. a form of manipulation.

Chapter 3 Humanist Theories

11a. Labeling theory is actually a version of _____, a well-known theory in sociology about social behavior. A. phenomenological theory B. feminist theory C. Conflict theory D. symbolic interactionism E. Marxist theory. (p. 34)

12a.According to the labeling theorists the meaning people attach to significant gestures and definitions of labeling are:A.Deviant Behavior B. Consequences of labelingC.A positive response to devianceD.A negative response to devianceE.More important than the act itself(p. 35)

13a. According to Thio, the primary phenomenological theorists differ from labeling theory in terms of A. political liberalist, B. getting into the mind of the deviant, C. using experimental methodology, D. arguing for capital punishment, E. all of the above. (p. 39)

14a. Labeling theorists are most likely to explain deviance as A. class exploitation, B. rooted in genetic differences, C. social disorganization, D. status frustration and striving, E. the product of a self fulfilling prophecy.(pp. 36-37)

15a. According to Tannenbaum, labeling a child’s behavior as deviant is likely to have adverse consequences especially if it takes the form of A. dramatizing the evil, B. creating cognitive dissonance, C. undermining self control, D. implying tacit approval, E. a double bind. (p. 37)

16a. Lemert’s concept of secondary deviation is defined in terms of the _____. A. a first act B. law in action C. a result D. law on the books E. an organizational imperative (p. 37)

17a. Ethnomethodology is most closely associated with _____. A. learning theory B. anthropology C. legal reality theory D. phenomenology E. conflict theory (p. 39)

18a. _____ has/have to do with the incompatible interests and needs of diverse groups, such as conservative versus liberal political groups. A. legal definitions B. social conflict C. deviants’ misconceptions D. theorists’ conceptions E. cultural conflict (p. 44)

19a. All but which of the following is a type of conflict theory? A. legal reality theory B. social reality theory C. Marxist theory D. strain theory E. feminist theory. (p. 44)

20a. According to Chambliss (1969), what are the two types of law? A. law on the books, law in action B. law of states, law of the nation C. law of communities, law of regions D. law of authorities, law of citizens E. none of the above. (p. 45)

Part 2: Lecture Items

Li Functional Theory

21a.What kind of exposure to social and political crisis did the professors at Harvard and Columbia have during the development of the Functional theories A.Untarnished by research or direct experience B. Normal everyday life activitiesC.Actively participating in the recovery from economic depressionD.Most had been involved in the War E. Direct contact with people living in local communities

22a.Durkheim’sargument (in developing a functional theory of crime begins: all societies A. defend themselves from threat, B. consist of conflicting groups, C. have crime, D. exist in cultural space, E. must provide meaning for its members.

23a.Durkheim’s view of crime may be most aptly summarized: A. crime arises from the animal past of humans, B. crime is a socially constructed, C. crime and poverty are intrinsically linked, D. crime is inherently rooted in religion, E. crime is more a psychological than a sociological phenomenon.

24a.In the Sociology of Prostitution Kingsley Davis believed the family is strong if:A.Erotic expression is held to reproduction B.Prostitution is negatively sanctionedC.Prostitution is strong D.Wages are increased for working girls E.It is a socially approved function

25a. Extra 1 Kingsley Davis points out that prosecuting the customers along with the prostitutes would result in : A. half the population being arrested B. A large religious community affected C. Family values would fail D. Legalizing prostitution

Lii Social Disorganiztion

26a. Members of the EarlyChicagoSchool also were called _____. A. young urban professionals B. sociological imperialists C. sociological determinists D. criminologists E. social pathologists

27a. Which of the following works is NOT typically associated with social disorganization theory? A. The Taxi Dance Hall B. Street Corner Society C. Male Juvenile Delinquency as Group Behavior D. Suicide E. The Polish Peasant in Europe and America

28a. Social disorganization may be defined as a decline in the influence of _____. A. rules B. the clergy C. logic D. social boundaries E. emotional boundaries

29a. In “Mental Disorders in Urban Areas,” Faris and Dunham correlate social disorganization with urbanization in general and with _____ in particular. A. populations B. occupations C. religiosity D. landmarks E. zones

30a. According to Faris and Dunham’s discussion of zones, the highest rate of suicide is found among _____. A. unmarried white-collar workers B. married blue-collar workers C. middle class wives D. upper middle class daughters' E. unmarried blue-collar workers

Liii Anomie Theory

31a. Anomic suicide is not dependent on the way individuals are attached to society but: A. How is regulates them B. Unlimited ambition C. Political or social causes D. Industrial and commercial functions E. Aberrant behavior in indivivduals

32a. Which of the following concepts is NOT associated with anomic theory? A. goal-means B. ritualism C. retreatism D. the zone of transition E. innovation

33a. In Merton’s typology of the goal-means disjunction, “ritualism” means _____. A. acceptance of goals and means B. accept goal but reject means C. reject goal but accept means D. reject both goal and means without replacement E. reject both goal and means with replacement

34a. Cloward felt his theoretical differential access theory most helpful in understanding retreatism among the _____ classes. A. upper B. upper middle C. lower D. middle E. lower middle

35a. In support of his strain theory, Cloward insisted that Shaw and McKay’s study linked delinquent gangs to _____ neighborhoods. A. socially organized, B. socially disorganized, C. functionally stable, D. middle class, E. upwardly mobile.

Liv: Differential Association Theory

36a. Unlike other figures in the early ChicagoSchool, Sutherland identified himself as a(n)

A. Durkheimian, B. Marxist, C. Human Ecologist, D. Social Psychologist, E. Criminologist.

37a. Sutherland felt his theory should _____ and employ a(n) _____. A. differentiate criminals and non-criminals, developmental; B. explain conformity, situational; C. classify types of criminals, dynamic; D. build on Freudian psychology, analytical; E. explain inequality, dialectical.

38a. According to the book, Criminology, the process of logical abstraction involves an analysis of _____. A. different types of criminal acts B. different types of punishment C. what criminals have in common D. criminal outcomes E. criminal images

39a. Cressey’s book, Other People’s Money: A Study in the Social Psychology of Embezzlement, centers around the _____ of criminal behavior. A. methodology B. punishment C. rationalization D. glamorous aspects E. innate aspects

40a. The denial of responsibility and the denial of injury are examples of techniques of _____. A. rationalization B. neutralization C. assertion D. determinism E. adaptation