Skewed soldier sex ratio in termites: testing the size-threshold hypothesis

Running head: Soldier sex ratio in termites

Thomas Bourguignon1 Yoshinobu Hayashi1 and Toru Miura1

1 Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan

Correspondence: Thomas Bourguignon, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.

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Table S1. Sexes of termite workers and soldiers grouped by family and subfamily. Sex in which workers are replaced by late larvae whose only function is to molt into soldiers are under parentheses.

Species / Workers: sex and relative size (<: about, or more than 10% difference; ≤: less than 3% of difference; =: species for which there is no difference) / Soldiers: relative sex abundance / Source
Hodotermitidae
Anacanthotermes ahngerianus / ♂ / ♂ / Mednikova 1977
Hodotermes mossambicus / ♂ > ♀ / ♂ / Luamba 1980
Termopsidae
Hodotermopsis sjostedti / ♂ = ♀ or ♂ ≤ ♀ / ♂ and ♀ / Miura et al. 2000
Kalotermitidae
Cryptotermes domesticus / ♂ = ♀ / ♂ = ♀ / Muller and Korb 2008
Cryptotermes secundus / ♂ = ♀ / ♂ > ♀ / Muller and Korb 2008
Neotermes connexus / ♂ = ♀ or ♂ ≤ ♀ / ♂ > ♀ / Myles and Chang 1984
Serritermitidae
Glossotermes oculatus / ♂ / ♂ / Bourguignon et al. 2009
Rhinotermitidae
Coptotermes formosanus / ♂ ≈ ♀ / ♂ > ♀ / Henderson and Rao 1993
Coptotermes lacteus / ♂ = ♀ / ♀ / Roisin and Lenz 1999
Parrhinotermes browni / ♀ / ♀ / Roisin 1988a
Prorhinotermes inopinatus / ♂ = ♀ / ♂ = ♀ / Roisin 1988b
Schedorhinotermes lamanianus / ♀ / ♀ / Renoux 1976
Reticulitermes flavipes / ♂ = ♀ / ♂ = ♀ / Matsuura 2006
Reticulitermes kanmonensis / ♂ = ♀ / ♂ = ♀ / Matsuura 2006
Reticulitermes santonensis / ♂ = ♀ / ♂ = ♀ / Buchli 1958
Reticulitermes speratus / ♂ ≤ ♀ / ♂ < ♀ / Matsuura 2006
Reticulitermes virginicus / ♂ ≤ ♀ / ♀ / Matsuura 2006
Termitogeton planus / ♂ = ♀ / ♂ < ♀ / Parmentier and Roisin 2003
Termitidae
Macrotermitinae
Acanthotermes acanthothorax / ♂ > ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Ancistrotermes crucifer / ♂ > ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Macrotermes bellicosus / ♂ > ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Macrotermes carbonarius / ♂ > ♀ / ♀ / Neoh and Lee 2009
Macrotermes gilvus / ♂ > ♀ / ♀ / Neoh and Lee 2009
Macrotermes michaelseni / ♂ > ♀ / ♀ / Okot-Kotber 1985
Macrotermes natalensis / ♂ > ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Microtermes usambaricus / ♂ > ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Odontotermes magadalenae / ♂ > ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Odontotermes sudanensis / ♂ > ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Protermes prorepens / ♂ > ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Protermes minutus / ♂ > ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Pseudacanthotermes spiniger / ♂ > ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Apicotermitinae
Labidotermes celisi / ♂ < ♀ / ♀ / Deligne and Pasteels 1969
Sphaerotermitinae
Sphaerotermes sphaerothorax / ♂ > ♀ / ♂ / Noirot 1955
Syntermitinae
Cornitermes walkeri / ♂ / ♂ / Roisin 1992
Embiratermes chagresi / ♂ ≥ ♀ / ♀ / Roisin 1992
Labiotermes labralis / ♂ ≥ ♀ / ♀ / Bourguignon unpublished
Rhynchotermes perarmatus / ♂ > (♀) / ♀ / Roisin 1992
Syntermes wheeleri / ♂ > ♀ / ♂ / Noirot 1969
Nasutitermitinae
Coatitermes clevelandi / ♂ = ♀ / ♂ = ♀ / Roisin 1996
Constrictotermes cyphergaster / ♂ / ♂ / Moura et al. 2011
Eutermellus convergens / ♂ ≤ ♀ / ♂ / Noirot 1955
Fulleritermes tenebricus / ♂ < ♀ / ♂ / Noirot 1955
Hospitalitermes medioflavus / ♂ < ♀ / ♂ / Miura et al. 1998
Leptomyxotermes doriae / ♂ < ♀ / ♂ = ♀ / Noirot 1955
Mimeutermes giffardi / ♂ ≤ ♀ / ♂ / Noirot 1955
Nasutitermes arborum / ♂ < ♀ / ♂ / Noirot 1955
Nasutitermes maculiventris / ♂ < ♀ / ♂ / Noirot 1955
Nasutitermes novarumhebridarum / ♂ < ♀ / ♂ / Roisin and Pasteels 1987
Nasutitermes takasagoensis / ♂ < ♀ / ♂ / Hojo et al. 2004
Subulitermes denisae / ♂ = ♀ / ♂ < ♀ / Roisin 1996
Tenuirostritermes tenuirostris / (♂) < ♀ / ♂ / Roisin 2000
Trinervitermes sp / ♂ < ♀ / ♂ / Noirot 1955
Velocitermes barrocoloradensis / ♂ < ♀ / ♂ / Roisin 1996
Cubitermitinae
Cubitermes proximatus / ♂ = ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Cubitermes severus / ♂ = ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Noditermes curvatus / ♂ = ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Orthotermes depressifrons / ♂ = ♀ / ♂ / Noirot 1955
Thoracotermes brevinotus / ♂ ≥ ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Termitinae
Amitermes evuncifer / ♂ = ♀ / ♂ = ♀ / Noirot 1955
Amitermes desertorum / ♂ = ♀ / ♂ = ♀ / Noirot 1955
Microcerotermes amboinensis / ♂ < ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Microcerotermes fuscotibialis / ♂ < ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Microcerotermes parvus / ♂ < ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Microcerotermes turneri / ♂ < ♀ / ♀ / Stewart and Zulecki 2006
Pericapritermes urgens / ♂ = ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Termes hospes / ♂ = ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955
Termes baculi / ♂ = ♀ / ♀ / Noirot 1955