A

Report

Session-2011-12

Six weeks rural attachment programme(8 Nov.- 24Dec)

Village → MAHESUA

Block → BHADAINYA

Tehsil → LAMBHUA

District → SULTANPUR

SUBMITTED TO :

Dr. Rekha Chaubey

(R.A.W.E. Co-ordinator)

SUBMTTED BY:

Deepu A-4239/08

Dhirendra Singh A-4240/08

Gaurav A-4241/08

Geetesh Bhushan Yadav A-4242/08

Jayant Maurya A-4243/08

College of Agriculture

NarendraDevaUniversity of Agriculture

Technology Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229 (U.P.)

KUMARGANJ, FAIZABAD-224229

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr.Gaurav (Group Leader) Deepu, Dhirendra Singh, ,Geetesh Bhushan yadav,Jayant Maurya ,worked undermy supervision during R.A.W.E. 2011-12 at Village - Mahesua,,, Block-Bhadainya, District-Sultanpur in first semester of B.Sc.(Ag) IV year. The report submitted by them embodies the work done by the candidates themselves.

.

Date-…………………. Dr. Rekha Chaubey

Co-ordinator

R.A.W.E. Programme-2011-12

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Behind every success there is certainly on an unseen power, the almighty off my salutation to my him from the deepest portion of my heart.

We acknowledge my deepest sense of gratitude and veneration to my advisor Dr. Rekha Chaubey for her nice support during this course.

We are immensely thankful to Dr. R.S. Kureel , Hon’ble Vice-Chancellor,Dr. Bhagwan Singh, Dean, College of Agriculture for providing the necessary facilities and inspiring guidelines for the completing this course in right and successful way.

Again we are highly thankful to Dr. Rekha Chaubey, Course Co-ordinator under whose valuable supervision and guidance this course was completed.

We extended my heartful respect and thanks to Dr. Prakash Singh, Dr. H.M. Singh, Dr. R.A. Singh , Dr. R.P. Singh ,Dr. Pankaj kumar for their help and affection which always inspired our to penetrate deep in course.

We express our sincere thanks and gratitude to Mr. Jugilal Yadav (Gram Pradhan) and Sri Kamal kishore Singh and all villagers of who provide the kind help in staying and carrying out this survey in village.

Deepu A-4239/08

Dhirendra singh A-4240/08

Gaurav A-4241/08

Geetesh bhushan yadav A-4242/08

Jayant maurya A-4243/08

CONTENT

S. NO. / PARTICULARS
1. / An introduction to RAWE programme
2. / Importance of RAWE programme
3. / Objective of RAWE programme
4. / Justification of RAWE programme
5. / Materials and Methods
6. / Brief history of Village
7. / General information of Village
8. / Important events occurred in the Village
9. / Details of student and allotted farmers
10. / Demographic profile of Village
11. / Geographical area of the Village
12. / Social map of the Village
13. / Topographical & Hydrological Parameters of the Village
14. / Available resources in the Village
15. / Live stock production
16. / Flora kingdom
17. / Enterprises map
18. / Crop description (Kharif, Rabi & Zaid)
19. / Wee flora
20. / Plant protection measures for different diseases
21. / Plant protection measures for different insect pests
22. / Technical gap in paddy cultivation (per ha.)
23. / Technical gap in timely sown wheat crop (per ha.)
24. / Cost benefit ratio of rice and wheat
25. / Cost benefit ratio of live stocks
26. / Food habit
27. / Additional behaviour and customs
28. / Shri Adityanarayan Singh : A successful farmer
29. / Problems and constraints of the Village
30. / Suggestion for improvement
31. / What we learn from the Villagers
32. / Conclusion
33. / Photographs

AN INTRODUCTION TO R.A.W.E. PROGRAMME

Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. Students of agricultural science play the important role in development of agriculture. To fulfil their needs, experiment is essential which provided by this R.A.W.E. programme.

The experience about field operation and problems related to farming and rural life. This unique programme provide opportunities for the final years students to live and work in villages in this semester, and help them to gain first hand experience of application of agriculture technology at the village level.

Based on the success of this programme is Andhra Pradesh and on the recommendation of the Randhawa Committee (1992) R.A.W.E. has been made effective in all the SAUs, and is now an integral component of all degree programme in Agricultural & Allied Sciences.

In this programme, the student stay in village (Every attached with farmers) work together with the farmers to closely study their problem and needs. They learn to live in rural areas. The primary objective of R.A.W.E. programme is to provide the interns the knowledge and experience on the operation aspects of the agriculture technology to develop communication skill in interns by effective use of extension method (direct contact), to help the interns to under stand and appreciate the agriculture problems of the village, to acquaint the interns with the functioning of various agricultural researchers development, agro-based marketing industries and other allied organization involved in rural in development.

IMPORTANCE OF RAWE

  1. To develop an understanding in the students about rural life to acquaint them from different situation prevailing in the village with special reference to agriculture.
  2. To get familiar with the socio-economic situation prevailing in the village.
  3. To provide an opportunity for practical training in crop-production through work experience.
  4. To develop communication skill in the transfer of technology.
  5. To understand the Agriculture Technology followed by local farmers & to prepare production plan suit to local situation.
  6. To develop confidence and competence for facing problem salving situation related to Agriculture.

OBJECTIVES

1. Major objectives of the RAWE Programme:

I. To develop awareness about the socio-economic problems of the villagers especially farming community.

II. To provide sufficient social background, farming system, sources of income, employment generation opportunities etc.

III. Enhance the skill among agriculture graduates to undertake the systematic studies while conducting survey on various aspects.

IV.To assist in formulation of various plants/schemes and execution of the village development programmes to make them more effective with the help of feedback received during survey process.

V.To provide and opportunity to understand the social behaviour and specific needs of the villagers which ultimately helps in deciding the mode of motivation for adoption of new technologies.

VI.To provide crystal picture about the prevailing gaps and shortcomings in the implementation of different village development programme.

VII.To provide ample opportunity to the agriculture graduates to adapt according to the village environment which generate enormous confidence and later help in better interaction and coordination with rural folk assisting in transfer of technologies.

VIII.To generate enormous support in favour of mass participation in village development process for accelerated growth of the country.

Justification/Practical Utility of RAWE Programme

During graduation agriculture students remain under great pressure in pursuing the theory and practical courses of different department and do not find ample time for close observation of field conditions. After introduction of entrance test for admission students of other disciplines are also admitted who seldom belong agriculture background. The tight schedule of test and examination under semester system leaves little scope to devote time for working in the field. Moreover, field conditions are quite different than what they in the agriculture university.

Thus, after acquiring sufficient fundamental knowledge on various aspects of farming, they are offered RAWE programme for full one semester so that they may learn almost all the practical aspects of the village and farming system by devoting their time in the village itself. As it provides enough exposure to the existing problems, advanced technologies learnt from the class rooms can be transferred promptly and communication can be improved. All these help in bridging the gap of both the sides. Inputs exchanged from either side prove beneficial to the development of the country. Further, by selecting few villages under RAWE programme every year, socio-economic condition of at the condition of atleast selected villages could be initiated and thus a chain of improvement could be initiated. With their views RAWE programme carries immune importance for agriculture students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Selection of the district and villages were done by the course co-ordinator quite in advance. Thereafter, groups were formed and each groups has students and one separate village was allotted to each group. The Mahesua village allotted to our group in Sultanpur district for the purpose. Soon after arriving at the village site we stepped into active participation.

Following methods were employed to complete the programme.

1. Intensive survey of the village:

The survey was undertaken to record the resources, crops grown, existing technologies, class composition etc. it understand the socio-economic status of the village.

2. Personal interaction with residents:

It help in assessing the problems of individual family. Specific problems can be solved without any hesitation.

3. Questionnaire proforma:

Different types of proforma were made available to record the various inventories pertaining to farming, education, existing enterprises, employment and revenue.

4. Regular visits of the field and families:

Awareness was developed among the villagers through providing knowledge on balanced diet, baby rearing, hygienic conditions, education and so on by paying regular visits. Farmers were education on balanced fustigation, appropriate crop rotations, introduction of improved varieties,

importance of aromatic plants cultivation, vegetables, fruits, way of using micro-nutrients insecticides etc. as per requirement of the field.

5. Students farmers interaction:

There has a continuous process to educate the farmers on various aspects.

6. Scientists farmers interaction:

Some of the existing problems which were not under our reach, were solved by the Subject Matter Specialists (S.M.S.) of the university in our presence either in the village or directly at the farmers field. This development confidence among the village people to incorporated the improved technologies.

7. Group discussion:

The mode of communication was adopted to impart knowledge on new technologies for adoption in the village. It is an effective process to communicate among masses at one time.

8. Demonstration:

The farmers were trained to apply insecticide, herbicide, fertilizers etc. at their fields by way of practical demonstrations.

9. Keen observations:

We were cautions to see the changes in the field crops, village people, animals, weather, living environment etc. to find out the real cause failure to suggest appropriate remedial measures to overcome the problem. Field observations were regularly recorded to compute cost benefit ratio of various crop and enterprises.

10. Gosthi:

We organize many Gosthi in witch all aspects of village life were conversed from time to time. The village people were educated on almost all the subjects required for a prosperous village and progressive farming. Charts and posters were prepared to leave the permanent impression upon the audience.

Conclusive Gosthi was organized in the end wherein university authorities and scientists also participated.

Brief History of the Selected Village

Mahesua, Sultanpur

Nomenclature of the village:

Origin:

The history of Mahesua dates back to about 500 years. Its is belived that some years ago three brother Mahesh, Balamand & Puran came from any place . Mr. Mahesh sattle in this place so the village named as Maheshua.

Situation:

The allotted village “Mahesuais situated at distance of15 K.M. from SultanpurHeadquarter on Durgapur – lambhua road .Its come under Lambhua Tehsil and Block – Bhadainya.The village is about 85 k.m. away from Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad U.P.

Main features of village

  • Situated on Durgapur– Lambhua road.
  • Near about Sultanpur – Allahabad National Highway.
  • Near Mansi cold stores
  • Well educated farmers.

GENERAL INFORMATION OF SELECTED VILLAGE

Sl. No. / Particular of Public facilities / Location / Distance village (Km)
1. / District Head quarter / Sultanpur / 15
2. / Tehsil Head quarter / Lambhua / 16
3. / Block Head quarter / Bhadainya / 15
4. / V.L.W. Head quarter / Mahesua / 00
5. / Nearest Bus stop/station / Durgapur / 02
6. / Nearest Railway station / Peeparpur / 04
7. / Nearest Post Office / Kinnaura / 02
8. / Nearest Telegraph Office / Ramganj / 04
9. / Nearest Telephone Office / Ramganj / 04
10. / Nearest Hospital / Ramganj / 04
11. / Nearest VeterinaryHospital / Ramganj / 04
12. / Nearest Artificial Insemination Centre / Ramganj / 04
13. / Primary School / Mahesua / 00
14. / Junior High School / Kinnaura / 02
15. / High School / Ramganj / 04
16. / IntermediateCollege / Ramganj / 04
17. / DegreeCollege / Sultanpur / 15
18. / PostGraduateCollege / Sultanpur / 15
19. / AgricultureUniversity / Kumarganj / 85
20. / Technical Institution / Sultanpur / 15
21. / Grain Market / Ramganj / 04
22. / Vegetable Markets / Ramganj / 04
23. / Milk Products Market / Kurang / 03
24. / Animal Market / Ramganj / 04
25. / Poultry Market / Sultanpur / 15
26. / Nearest Input Store / Sultanpur / 15
27. / Nearest Petrol Pump / Durgapur / 02
28. / Finance Institutions / Durgapur / 02
29. / Other / Sultanpur / 15

DETAILS OF STUDENTS AND THEIR

Sl. No. / Students Name / I.D. No. / Allotted farmers name / Holding (ha)
1. / Deepu / A-4239/08 / Sri kallw Ram / 0.37
Sri Shalik Ram / 1.04
Sri Ram Charan Yadav / 1.82
Sri Ram Swaroop / 2.58
Smt. Sita Devi / 2.80
2. / Dhirendra Singh / A-4240/08 / Sri Rajaram maurya / 0.15
Sri Rajmani mishra / 1.47
Sri Lalit singh / 2.0
Sri Jagdish singh / 2.5
Sri Joghoo ram kashyap / 2.5
3. / Gaurav / A-4241/08 / Sri Ram sagar / 0.26
Sri Kamal prasad / 0.85
Sri Tulsi ram saroj / 0.87
Sri Ram laut saroj / 1.16
Sri Ram murti singh / 1.84
4. / Geetesh bhushan yadav / A-4242/08 / Sri Sobh Nath Maurya / 0.48
Smt.devmati Maurya / 0.6
Smt.sham sheela / 0.75
Sri Ram Lal / 1.00
Sri Sobh Nath yadav / 1.00
5. / Jayant Maurya / A-4243/08 / Sri Ram Raj Gautam / Land less
Sri Babulal / 1
Sri Dukh Bhanjan Singh / 1.25
Sri Ram Nihar Singh / 2
Sri Ram Bhadur Singh / 2

ALLOTTED FARMERS

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF VILLAGE

A. GENDER WISE POPULATION:

S.No. / Caste-wise total No. of families / Male / Female / Total
A. General caste 320 298 618
1. / Thakur / 128 / 119 / 247
2. / Bramhin / 98 / 91 / 189
3. / khan / 68 / 63 / 131
4. / Vaishya / 26 / 25 / 51
B. Backward 1840 1795 3635
1. / Yadav / 764 / 745 / 1509
2. / Vishwakarma / 413 / 408 / 821
3. / Maurya / 410 / 406 / 816
4. / Nai / 253 / 236 / 489
C. Schedule caste 624 611 1235
1. / Pasi / 212 / 208 / 420
2. / Chamar / 119 / 114 / 233
3. / Kori / 95 / 101 / 196
Grand Total / 2784 / 2704 / 5488

B. AGE AND EDUCATION-WISE POPULATION:

S. No. / Age categories / Illiterate / Read & write / Primary / High School / Inter
mediate / U.G. / P.G. / Total
1. / Up to 5 years / 83 / 198 / 195 / - / - / - / - / 476
2. / 6 to 15 years / 149 / 118 / 403 / 105 / - / - / - / 775
3. / 16 to 25 years / 45 / 125 / 218 / 351 / 226 / 25 / 05 / 995
4. / 26 to 35 years / 95 / 165 / 162 / 141 / 210 / 19 / 12 / 802
5. / 36 to 45 years / 118 / 157 / 92 / 145 / 85 / 16 / 06 / 619
6. / 46 to 55 years / 152 / 142 / 124 / 178 / 89 / 09 / 1 / 695
7. / 56 to 65 years / 160 / 101 / 105 / 248 / 65 / 08 / 3 / 690
8. / More than 65 years / 121 / 92 / 79 / 112 / 25 / 03 / 2 / 434
Total / 923 / 1098 / 1378 / 1280 / 700 / 80 / 29 / 5488

GEOGRAPHICAL AREA OF THE ALLOTTED VILLAGE

S. No. / Item / Area in hectare
1. / Total geographical area of the village / 481.19
2. / Area under forest / 34.53
3. / Area under garden / 7.40
4. / Barren and unculturable land / 2.00
5. / Area under pasture / 1.02
6. / Culturable waste / 3.00
7. / Total fallow land / 48.0
8. / Net area sown / 336.47
9. / Area sown more than once / 300.27
10. / Gross cropped area / 336.47
11 / Area under / 12
I. Light soil
II. Medium soil / 105.0
III. Heavy soil / 195.0
12. / Total irrigated land / 285.40
13. / Total un-irrigated land
14 / Area under ponds etc. / 14.511
15 / Area under canal / 5.53
16 / Area under lake / -
17 / Area under gram samaj / 0.7
18 / Area under abadi / 50

TOPOGRAPHICAL & HYDROLOGICAL PARAMETERS

  1. Topography: The fields situated around the dwellings are leveled and some fields are situated in low land area and they are also leveled.
  2. Soil: Clay loam and heavy soil.
  3. Fertility status of the soil: Organic manure (FYM compost), humus and cow dung are not used at satisfactory level. The availability of NPK is satisfactory to some extent.
  4. Drainage: There is no major problem of drainage due to slope and channels.
  5. Water table: Water table is at optimum level.
  6. Methods of irrigation:Almost all the farmers of this village practice only three type of irrigation according to season and crop.
  7. Flooding method.
  8. Basin method specially in vegetable crop.

AVAILABLE RESOURCES IN THE VILLAGE

(A) IRRIGATION & DRINKING WATER SOURCE

S. No. / Particulars / Number
1. / Tubewell (Govt.) / 00
2. / Tubewell (Private) / 08
3. / Canal (Govt.) / 01
4. / Well / 08
5. / Pumping set & boring / 50
6. / Pump set / 08
7. / Only boring / 35
8. / Ponds / 03
9. / Hand pump (Private) / 14
10. / Hand pump (Govt.) / 20

(A) CONVEYANCE SOURCES

S. No. / Sources / Number / Use
1. / Cycle / 513 / Transportation
2. / Motor cycle / 65 / Transportation
3. / Scooter / 1 / Transportation
4. / Tractor / 7 / Agriculture
5. / Jeep/Car / 02 / Transportation
6. / Bullock cart/Dunlop / 18 / Transportation
7. / Any other Trolley / 03 / Transportation

(C) COMMUNICATION MEDIA AVAILABILITY

S. No. / Sources / Number / Use
1. / Radio / 210 / Communication
2. / Tape recorder / 15 / Communication
3. / Television / 225 / Communication
4. / News papers / 40 / Communication
5. / CD Player / 50 / Communication
6. / Computer / 02 / Communication
7. / Telephones / 20 / Communication
8. / Mobile / 550 / Communication

(D) AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS

S. No. / Item / Number / Use
1. / Power thresher / 16 / Agriculture
2. / Sprayers / 18 / Agriculture
3. / Dusters / 02 / Agriculture
4. / Cultivator / 10 / Agriculture
5. / Winnower / 15 / Agriculture
6. / Khurpi / 752 / Agriculture
7. / Phawra / 422 / Agriculture
8. / Sickle / 1422 / Agriculture
9. / Kudal / 1121 / Agriculture
10. / Chaff cutter / 041 / Agriculture
11. / Trolly / 02 / Agriculture
12. / Harrow / 07 / Agriculture
13. / Disc plough / 10 / Agriculture
14. / Honey extraction unit / - / -

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

S. No. / Item / Number / Use
Milch Cattle
1. / Cow / 650 / For milk
2. / Buffalo / 430 / For milk
Draft animals
1. / Bullock / 20 / For Agriculture
Meat Animals
1. / Goat / 455 / For meat and milk
2. / Fish pond / 01 / For meat
4. / sheep / 50 / For meat & wool purpose

Milk Production:

Cow:2-3 lit/day/cow

Buffalo:4-5 lit/day/Buffalo

Per person/day milk availability: 300-400 gm

AGRICULTURE

CROP DESCRIPTION IN KHARIF, RABI & ZAID SEASON

S. No. / Crop / Area (ha) / Varieties
Kharif
1. / Rice / 310.23 / Mansur , saket , 6444.
2. / Sorghum / 5.9 / Indigenous
3 / pigeonpea / 15.4 / Indigenous
Rabi
1. / Wheat / 282.67 / PBW-343, 373, 154, Lok-1, UP-2328, K-78,
2. / Potato / 9.43 / Kufri Badshah
3. / Mustard / 7.62 / Varuna, Vaibhav, Narendra Mustard-1, Kranti
Zaid
1. / Urd / 12.1 / Narendra Urd-1
2. / Moong / 3.1 / Indigenous
3. / Vegetable / 1.2 / Indigenous
4. / Sugarcane / 12.3
Total cropped area of the village / 659.95

FLORAKINGDOM

(A) FRUIT PRODUCTION

S. No. / Fruit tree / Number / Purpose
1. / Mango / 1202 / Fruit
2. / Guava / 311 / -do-
3. / Aonla / 45 / -do-
4. / Citrus spp. / 150 / -do-
5. / Banana / 45 / -do-

(B) TIMBER PLANT & TREE

S. No. / Timber tree / Number / Purpose
1. / Sisam / 42 / For wood
2. / Pipal / 8 / -do-
3. / Poplar / 402 / -do-
4. / Ber / 95 / For worship
5. / Other / 540 / Both

(C) ORNAMENTAL & AROMATIC PLANT

S. No. / Trees / Number / Purpose
1. / Tulsi / 128 / Recreation
2. / Mentha / 220 / -do-
3. / Balamkheera / 07 / -do-
4. / BELA / 24 / -do-
5. / Crysanthimum / 49 / -do-

(D) OTHER HERBS AND SHRUBS

S. No. / Trees / Number / Purpose
- / - / -

WEED FLORA OF THE VILLAGE

Season / Common Name / Scientific Name
Kharif / Sevai / Echinocloa colonum
Dawra / Echinocloa crusgali
Banara Banri / Setaria glauca
Vankodo / Eleusine insidca
Rabi / Vanpyazi / Asphodelus tenuiforlius
Bathua / Chenopodium album
Jangli Jajji / Avena fatua
Gehoon Ka mama / Phalaris minor
Vangobhi / Launea aspleniflia
Perennial weeds / Doob / Cynodon dactylon
Motha / Cyprus rotundus

PLANT PROTECTION MEASURES FOR DIFFERENT DISEASES

S. No. / Name of crop / Disease / Recommended control measures
A. Kharif
1. / Paddy / Khaira / Soil application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha Foliar of ZnSO4 @ 5 kg/ha.
Bacterial blight / Use of resistant varieties and foliar spry Agrimycein and Copper oxychloride (40 g + 500 g) in 500 litre of water, 3-4 times in 15 days interval.
False Smuts / Seed treatment with Streptocylin + Carbendazim (50 WP) @ 2.5/g/kg
2. / Pigeon pea / Wilt / Mixed cropping with sorghum, Resistant varieties i.e. N. Arhar-1
B. Rabi
1. / Wheat / Brown Rust / Indofil (75% @ 2 kg in 500 litre of water/ha at the time of appearance of rust symptom, next time also after 15 days interval)
2. / Mustard / Alternaria leaf blight / Foliar spray of Zineb @ 2.5 kg + Difoltan @ 1.5 kg in 500 liter water/ha

PLANT PROTECTION MEASURES FOR DIFFERENT INSECT-PESTS