January 26, 2004 Final Exam

Name: ______

Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

Physics

Chemistry

Weather

Ecosystems

Types of Chemical Reactions

Synthesis Reaction

A + B  AB

Decomposition Reaction

AB  A + B

Single Replacement Reaction

A + BC  AC + B

Double Replacement

AB + CD  AD + CB

Combustion

Hydrocarbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water

Motion Equations
v = d/t / t = d/v / d = v•t
= /t / t = / / = •t
weight = m•(10 m/s2)
ΣF = m• / = F/m / m = F/

FINAL EXAM

The exam is divided into two parts, “Multiple Choice” and “Long Answer”.

PART I: Multiple Choice – Shade in the letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided. (60 marks)

Physics Section

  1. What term describes the change in distance per unit of time?

a)force

b)acceleration

c)displacement

d)speed

  1. Which of the following statements is not true?

a)Distance is a scalar

b)Displacement is a vector.

c)Distance is measured directly from the initial position to the final position.

d)Displacement is measured directly from the initial position to the final position.

  1. What does the term "acceleration" mean?

a)the change in velocity per unit of time

b)one half of the average velocity

c)the total change in velocity

d)the increase or decrease in the displacement

Use the following graph to answer questions 4 - 5:


  1. At which part of the graph is the object not moving?

a) w b) x c) y d) z

  1. At which part of the graph is the object heading back toward home?

a) w b) x c) y d) z

  1. A car is travelling at a constant speed of 20 m/s. What is the distance travelled after 7.0 s?

a)2.86 m / b)0.35 m
c)70.0 m / d)140 m

Use the following data to answer the following question

As a ball was rolling down a ramp the following data was recorded:

Time (s) / Distance from start (cm)
0 / 0
0.1 / 20
0.2 / 60
0.3 / 128
0.4 / 222
0.5 / 350
  1. How far did the ball travel between 0.4 and 0.5 s?

a) 350 cm b) 222 cm c) 68 cm d) 128 cm

  1. An object is thrown straight up into the air. At the very top of its path:

a)the acceleration and velocity are both zero.

b)the acceleration is zero and the velocity is not zero.

c)the acceleration is not zero and the velocity is zero.

d)neither the acceleration nor the velocity is zero.

  1. What information can be obtained from a velocity-time graph?

a)acceleration

b)displacement

c)velocity

d)all of the above

Use the following chart to answer the next 2 questions

  1. During which segment of this velocity-time curve is the acceleration of the object negative?

a) from a to b b) from b to c c) from c to d d) from d to e

  1. During which segment of this velocity-time curve is the acceleration of the object positive?

a)From (a) to (b)

b)From (b) to (c)

c)From (c) to (d)

d)From (d) to (e)

  1. “An object in motion tends to remain in motion” most likely describes which of Newton's laws?

a)Newton's first law

b)Newton's second law

c)Newton's third law

d)more than one of the laws.

  1. A skater went from 12 m/s east to 15 m/s east in 3.0 s. A good science student would say that:

a)The force is applied to the skater from the east.

b)The acceleration of the skater is -1 m/s2.

c)The acceleration of the skater is 1 m/s2.

d)None of the above.

  1. A 1000 kg block is pushed with a net force of 130 N. What is its acceleration?

a)7.70 m/s/s

b)130 000 m/s/s

c)0.130 m/s/s

d)1300 m/s/s

  1. You are paddling yourself forward in a Kayak, across a calm lake in the mountains. Each time you pull the paddle backward through the water, from the front of the boat to its rear, the water exerts a force on the paddle that is

a)sideways, toward you and the boat.

b)in the forward direction, toward the front of boat.

c)in the backward direction, toward the back of the boat.

d)sideways, away from you and the boat.

  1. A car traveling at 100 km/h strikes an unfortunate bug. The force of impact is

a)greater on the bug

b)greater on the car

c)the same for both

d)none of these

Chemistry Section

  1. The total number of atoms in one formula of Ni(NO3)2 is

a) 2 b) 4 c) 9 d) 13

  1. A molecule of water is broken down into its elements. This type of reaction is called

a) replacement b) synthesis c)decomposition d) destruction

  1. What are the respective charges of atom X, a group IIA element, and atom Y, a group VA element, when each form ions?

a)+2 and +5 / b)+2 and –3 / c)–2 and +3 / d)–2 and –5
  1. An element, X, from group IIA of the periodic table combines to form a stable compound with an element, Y, from group VA. The formula of that compound is most likely to be…

a) X2Y3 b) X3Y2 c) XY d) X2Y

  1. The family name for the group of elements in the periodic table that generally gain one electron is:

a) alkali metals b) alkaline earth metals c) noble gases d) halogens

  1. The combination of elements that would form an ionic bond in a compound would be:

a) C + O b) Na + Cl c) Na + Ar d) Al + Si

  1. The alkaline earth metal in period 2 is

a) He b) F c) Li d) Be

  1. Which formula is written correctly?

a) NaO b) Al3N3 c) CCl4 d) Al3S2

  1. An atom of element , consists of:

a) 31 protons, 15 neutrons, 15 electrons

b) 31 protons, 15 neutrons, 31 electrons

c) 15 protons, 16 neutrons, 16 electrons

d) 15 protons, 16neutrons, 15 electrons

  1. Based on the properties of Ca, O, Na, Al, and Cl, which one of the following statements is true?

a) Only Ca and Na are metals b) Cl is the only non-metal

c) Al is the only metal d) Cl and O are non-metals

  1. The Lewis dot structure for oxygen is:

a) b) c) d)

  1. According to the Bohr model of the atom, the number of electrons in the second level (L shell) of a nitrogen atom is:

a) 3 b) 5 c) 2 d) 8

  1. Which compound is ionic?

a) OCl2 b) P2O3 c) FeO d) PI3

  1. Which of the following compounds is correctly named?

a) Ca3(PO4)2 calcium(II) diphosphate

b) SnCl4 tin(IV) chloride

c) Na2SO4 sodium sulfite

d) (NH4)2CO3 ammonium(II) carbonate

  1. An atom becomes an ion with a charge of +2 when it

a)gains 2 protons

b)loses 2 electrons

c)loses 2 neutrons

d) gains 2 electrons

  1. A chemical reaction produced CO2 and water. The reactants must have been

a)HNO3 and NaOH b)CH4 and O2

c)Mg and HCld)NaOH and O2

Weather Section

  1. Which statement about heat flow is false?

a) Heat flows from hot to cold.

b) Convection occurs because warm air is less dense than cold air.

c) The Sun heats the air by conduction.

d) The land absorbs heat faster than the oceans do.

  1. Jet streams are high-speed winds in the upper atmosphere that move:

a) North to south

b) East to west

c) South to north

d) West to east

  1. What would happen if the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air increased?

a) Earth's temperature would drop because CO2 is a greenhouse gas.

b) Earth's temperature would drop because more solar energy from the Sun would reach us.

c) Earth's temperature would rise because CO2 is good at absorbing energy.

d) Earth's temperature would drop because more heat would escape into space.

  1. The prevailing winds in Winnipeg (50° north latitude) are ______.

a) jet stream b) N.E. trade winds c) polar easterlies d) prevailing westerlies

  1. The method by which energy is transferred from the Sun to Earth through outer space is

a) conduction c) advection

b) convection d) radiation

  1. What method of heat transfer is most important in creating the direction of the prevailing winds and water currents on Earth?

a) conductionc) advection

b) convectiond) radiation

  1. When air rises at the equator, it moves away from the equator some distance and eventually falls. Where does it fall?

a) At the poles since it is coldest there.

b) Close by because it cannot hold the energy for long.

c) About one third of the way to the poles because it cools by then.

d) None of the above

  1. Which of the following substances has the highest albedo?

a) sand

b) water

c) asphalt

d) clean snow

  1. Cloud formation requires both the cooling of warm, saturated air and ...

a) mountains b) dust particles c) air molecules d) solar heating

  1. Which of the following is NOT caused by the Coriolis Effect?

a) The direction of the Jet Stream b) The spinning of High and Low pressure cells

b) The direction of Prevailing winds d) The direction that water swirls down a drain

  1. Which name is associated with the types of clouds that cause rainfall?

a) cumulus b) stratus c) nimbus d) cirrus

  1. What type of weather can be associated with the front shown in this diagram?

a) thunderstorms

b) hail

c) heavy rain and damaging winds

d) all of the above

Ecosystems Section

  1. The process of cellular respiration

a)releases energy stored in sugar

b)releases energy from sunlight

c)consumes energy stored in water

d)consumes energy from sunlight

  1. The organisms that are able to make nitrates and nitrites are called

a)nitrogen-fixing bacteria

b)ammonifying bacteria

c)nitrifying bacteria

d)denitrifying bacteria

  1. Which of the following equations correctly summarizes the process of photosynthesis?

a)carbon dioxide and oxygen ------ sugar and water

b)carbon dioxide and sugar ------ oxygen and water

c)carbon dioxide and water ------ sugar and oxygen

d)sugar and oxygen ------ carbon dioxide and water

  1. The death of all green plants on earth would result in the accumulation of

a)carbon dioxide / b)glucose
c)amino acids / d)other organic compounds
  1. Denitrification results in the production of

a)ammonia

b)gaseous nitrogen

c)nitrates

d)nitrites

  1. The only organisms known to be able to use nitrogen gas are

a)denitrifying bacteria

b)nitrifying bacteria

c)nitrogen-fixing bacteria and cyanobacteria

d)plants

  1. What adverse effect might result from the destruction of tropical rainforests?

a)increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

b)extinction of species

c)an imbalance in the nitrogen cycle

d)all of the above

  1. Why does the oxygen level decrease in lakes when eutrophication occurs?

a)because algae consume the oxygen when they photosynthesize

b)because there isn’t enough nitrogen for photosynthesis to occur

c)because large numbers of decomposers consume the oxygen

d)because there are too many fish

  1. If land is deficient in nutrients, a farmer will often allow cattle to graze there. Why is this considered a good conservation practice?

a)cattle release large amounts of carbon dioxide gas which is good for plants

b)animals wastes are high in nitrogen and will fertilize the soil

c)increased grazing will promote the growth of new trees

d)the movement of animals will compact the soil

  1. Acid rain occurs because water combines with compounds from auto exhaust and factory smoke to form which acid(s)?

a)hydrobromic acid

b)nitric acid

c)hydrochloric acid

d)both (a) and (b) are true

  1. After a chemical called DDT had been used for a period of time:

a) all of the pests it was used on were killed.

b) it began to accumulate in the bodies of top carnivores.

c) it had no negative effects because it broke down immediately after use.

d) it had no more effects, either positive or negative.

  1. Spring run-off of nitrogen (and phosphorus) from fertilizer

a)helps improve water quality

b)promotes the growth of excess amounts of algae

c)provides more oxygen for fish and other aquatic organisms

d)is genetically beneficial to the environment

  1. The following factors limit the number of wolves that can exist in a wolf population. Select the factor that is density independent.

a)mange, a parasite / b)competition / c)low deer population / d)harsh winter conditions
  1. Carrying capacity is

a)the maximum number of individuals that an environment can support

b)often reached by a population in an ecosystem

c)the maximum number of offspring that an organism can produce

d)the number of organisms in a population

  1. In a population study of field mice, 80 mice were born, 10 mice emigrated from the population, 2 immigrated from a neighbouring area, and 25 mice died. A conclusion from the study is

a)the overall mouse population is growing

b)the mouse population is declining

c)more mice are having babies

d)mice tend to leave from the population

Use the following population histogram to answer the question below

  1. According to the population histogram above entitled “2003 Canadian Population”, what age group represents the largest percentage of the population?

a)30 – 34

b)40 – 44

c)45 – 49

d)90+

Part II: Long Answer – Answer in this booklet in the spaces provided. (40 marks)

Physics Section – be sure to show ALL of your work – 12 marks

  1. Briefly list and define each of Newton’s three laws of motion. (3 marks)
  1. A wooden block with a mass of 5 kg is accelerated at 2.5 m/s2. Calculate the force with which the block is accelerated. Be sure to include the appropriate units. (2 marks)
  1. Astronauts were sent to explore another planet. They measured speed reached by a falling object after various intervals of time. The data are shown below.

Time (s) / Speed v (m/s)
0 / 0
0.5 / 11
1.0 / 20
1.5 / 30
2.0 / 39
2.5 / 50
3.0 / 60
3.5 / 71
4.0 / 80
4.5 / 92
5.0 / 100

a)Using the graph paper provided on the back of the multiple choice answer sheet, prepare a speed versus time graph using the above data. Draw the line of best fit. Be sure to scale and label the graph correctly. (3 marks)

b)Calculate the slope of the line. Be sure to include appropriate units. Show your work here. (2 marks)

c)Explain the motion of the object. (1 mark)

d)What is the name of the quantity that the slope represents? (1 mark)

Chemistry Section – 12 marks

1. Use the periodic table to complete the following. (4 marks)

a)The name of the family of chemically stable elements ______

b)These elements form covalent bonds ______

c)Formula and charge of the sulfate complex ion______

d)Name of the type of elements that form cations ______

e)Ion that has 10 electrons when its charge is –2 ______

f)Diatomic element in period IVA ______

g)Has atomic number 15 ______

h)The number of valence electrons (outer electrons) in an atom of fluorine

______

2. Write balanced chemical equations for the following chemical reactions. (4 marks)

a) ______Al(OH)3 + ______HCl  ______HOH + ______AlCl3

b)______C5H12 + ______O2  ______CO2 + ______H2O

  1. Write the balanced chemical equation for the synthesis of iron (III) oxide from its elements. (2 marks)

3. a) Name the following compounds. (1 mark)

i) NaBr______

ii) N2O3______

b) Write the chemical formulas for the following compounds: (1 mark)

i) magnesium fluoride______

ii) copper (II) nitrate______

Weather Section – 8 marks

1. Name and describe fully the 3 ways in which heat is transferred to air. (3 marks)


2. Label the following parts of the above diagram (3 marks)

  1. What type of front is shown ______
  1. Type of cloud shown ______
  1. Type of cloud shown ______
  1. Type of cloud shown ______
  1. Name the type of air mass ______
  1. Name the type of air mass ______
  1. Describe the weather as this front passes through an area. (1 mark)
  1. Describe the weather shortly after the front has completely passed through an area. (1 mark)

Ecosystems Section – 8 marks

  1. Draw and label a diagram of the carbon cycle. Be sure to use the terms cellular respiration, photosynthesis, combustion, and sedimentation. (4 marks)
  1. The nitrogen cycle can be disrupted by many different human activities.

Select and fully explainone of the options given below. (4 marks)

  1. How fertilizer (excess nitrogen) affects an aquatic ecosystem
  2. How the burning of fossil fuels produces acid rain/deposition
  3. How improper disposal of fecal wastes (excess nitrogen) affects the environment (soil and water)

Part III: CHOICE SECTION –This section contains questions from the 4 major sections in Science 20F. Select any 2 sections and answer all of the questions in that section. Each section is worth 10 marks. DO NOT answer questions from more than 2 sections. (20 marks)

Physics Section – Answer all parts to all questions 1 - 2 in the spaces below – 10 marks

  1. a) The motion of a car is photographed every 10 seconds. Use the diagram below to explain the motion of the car. (2 marks)

b)Calculate the displacement of the car from 10 to 30 seconds into its journey. Be sure to include appropriate units and direction. (1 mark)

c)Calculate the average velocity of the car from 10 to 30s into its journey. Be sure to include appropriate units and direction. (1.5 marks)

  1. a) A 2.5 N puck is shot to the right with 25 N of force. If the force of friction acting on the puck is 0.1 N, sketch and label the 4 forces acting on the puck. (2 marks)

b)Calculate a net force acting on the puck. Be sure to indicate the appropriate units and direction. (1 mark)

c)If the puck has a mass of 0.25 kg, calculate the acceleration of the puck. Be sure to include appropriate units and direction. (1.5 marks)

d)Explain, using Newton's first law, why the puck continues its rightward motion across the ice until it hits the board. (1 mark)

Chemistry Section – Answer all parts to all questions 1 – 3 in the spaces below – 10 marks

  1. Consider the compound formed when beryllium and fluorine combine.

a)When these elements combine they form a(n) ionic compound/covalent compound (circle one). (1 mark)

b)Do the atoms share or transfer electrons within the bonds? (circle one) (1 mark)

c)Draw the Bohr diagram of the compound formed when beryllium combines with fluorine. Be sure to clearly indicate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. (2 marks)

  1. Nitrogen and hydrogen combine.

a)When these elements combine they form a(n) ionic compound/covalent compound (circle one). (1 mark)

b)Name the compound. (1 mark)______

c)Draw the Lewis electron dot diagram of the compound formed when nitrogen and hydrogen combine to form NH3. (1.5 marks)

  1. a) If carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, is broken down into its elements write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. (1.5 marks)

b)Name the type of chemical reaction. (1 mark)

______

Weather Section – Answer all parts to questions 1 – 4 in the spaces below – 10 marks

  1. The following diagram illustrates the lines of latitude and the radius of the Earth at the equator and 30°N.

a)Use the formula C = 2r to calculate the circumference (distance) in km around the earth at both 0° and 30° N. (1 mark)

b)Use the formula v = d/t to calculate the speed in km/h of Earth’s rotation over a 24 hour period at both 0° and 30° N (1 mark)

b)What can you conclude about the speed at which a point on the Earth’s surface travels as latitude increases? (1 mark)

  1. a) Use arrows and draw the direction of the prevailing wind patterns in the 3 main latitude belts of the Northern Hemisphere on the diagram of the Earth.

(1.5 marks)