Semester 2 study guide for Thacker Biology

5/15/16

Please answer the following questions or describe the following concepts on pages within your spiral. Please be sure to label each section and write legibly so you (and I) can read your thoughts.

Unit 6 DNA Structure and Function:

You tube videos to help you! Please take notes.

1. DNA Structure 3:06

2. DNA Transcription 1:27

3. DNA Translation 2:31

4. Protein synthesis overview 4:54

5. Describe the role of DNA and RNA.

6. What are the Nitrogen bases of DNA? Which are Purines? Which are Pyrmadines? How many bonds are between Pyrmadines and then Purines. What is special about these bonds, what structure does this lend to DNA?

7. What are the chemicals that make up the backbone of DNA?

8. What enzymes are responsible for transcription??? Translation????

9. What types of RNA are involved in transcription? Translation??? What are their functions?

10. What is the overall goal of transcription and translation?

11. Transcribe and translate the following strand of DNA.

DNA T A C T G GG T A T G T C G G C G T A T T

mRNA ______

tRNA ______

aa______

12. What RNA molecules carry the anti-codon? And how why does this attach to the mRNA codon?

13. What molecule is responsible for bringing amino acids in translation.

14. What is a protein made up of?

15. What parts of DNA are translated into proteins? Do these sections take up the whole strand of DNA?

16. How does a cell ensure that no errors and introduced during DNA replication?

17. Why are only certain genes translated in certain cells?

18. Do all the cells in your body contain the exact same DNA?

19. How many Nitrogen bases code for a single amino acid?

20. What is the role of transcription factors?

Unit 7 Genetics Mendelian and non-Mendelian

You tube videos to help you!Please take notes

1. Mendel’s Pea Plants 3:06

2. Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses 4:37

3. Codominant and incomplete dominance 3:29

4. Sex-linked genes 6:21

5. Define heterozygous and homozygous and give an example.

7. What is the difference between a dominant and recessive allele? (What is or is not produced?)

8. What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?

9. What are you describing when you label something F1 or F2?

10. Describe examples of co-dominance and incomplete dominance. Which type describes blood types?

11. What symbols would you use to describe a female carrier of the hemophilia gene? Male?

12. Does the environment affect gene expression? Give examples of epigenetics and epistasis.

13. Tongue curling is dominant to not being able to curl tongue. What is the phenotypic and genotypic ratio of a dominant male with a recessive female?

14. A father has sickle cell anemia, and marries a woman that has normal blood cells. What are the chances of their child having Sickle Cell anemia? ______

15. A certain couple had a child with O blood type, but they are A type and B type. Is this possible? Explain!

16. In guinea pigs, the allele for rough coat (R) is dominant to the allele for smooth coat (r), and the allele for black fur (B) is dominant to the allele for white fur (b). Mate a heterozygous rough black guinea pig and a smooth white guinea pig. What are the phenotype ratios?

Unit 8 Biotechnology

You tube videos to help you!Please take notes

1. Restriction Enzymes and their use in Biotech 4:01

2. GM foods by Bill Nye 7:57

3. Cloning 101 6:03

4. Bacterial transformation 1:15

5. Gel electrophoresis 2:45

6. What is genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms?

7. Where do we obtain RE from? What do they do for these organisms?

8. What is a sticky end and why is that important for genetically engineering plasmids?

9. What can bacteria do for us as a subject of genetic engineering?

10. What procedure is performed that can compare DNA from many people?

11. What two methods are employed to separate DNA in this process?

12. Explain the process of somatic nuclear transfer as a process for cloning.

13. Describe the basic steps in our bacterial transformation experiment, how did we modify the bacteria and how did we select for the modified bacteria?

14. Why is genetic engineering beneficial to our world?

Unit 9 Population Genetics

You tube videos to help you!Please take notes

1. Evolution and modes of selection 5:30

2. Patterns in evolution 3:53

3. Speciation 7:47

4. How do you define a gene pool?

5. What are some ways in which species can become isolated? What does this lead to?

6. Is it good to have variation? Why?

7. Calculate the allele frequencies for a population of 500 pigs. 200 are homozygous dominant (Black)

150 are heterozygous ( Bb) and 150 are recessive (pink).

8. Calculate the allele combination frequencies for the above population.

9. Explain why genotype frequencies do not remain constant from generation to generation?

10. What are the two main sources of variation within a population?

11. Describe the 3 patterns of evolution and give examples.

12. what are the two proven ways that speciation has occurred on the earth over millions of years and describe the differences.

Unit 10 Physiology

You tube videos to help you!Please take notes

1. Organ systems of the human Body 1:08

2. Divisions of the Nervous System 4:54

3. Endocrine system, Bozeman 13:48

4. Circulatory system 9:24

5. Immune system 6:48