Name ______Period______

Semester 1 Final Exam – Accelerated 6

Study Guide

1. What is a part of a well-designed experiment?
2. What is the first step a scientist is most likely to do in an experiment?
3. What type of sample does a scientist want to use to ensure her results are valid?
4. Give examples of qualitative data for a carrot.
5. What are variables? List variables that could determine how fast you fall asleep.
6. If you run in a race, what variables would be important to control?
7. Julie is not sure how much sugar to add to her powdered drink mix. She decides to test how much sugar will make her drink too sweet. What could be a hypothesis for her experiment? / .
Question 8-10 refer to the following table:
Table 1: Skateboard Distance
Trial / Distance (in Meters)
1 / 2.7
2 / 1.5
3 / 1.8
4 / 2.0
8. In Table 1, what was the range of distance traveled by the skateboard?
10. You are worried that your results are inconsistent. What might you do to address this concern?
Questions 11-16 refer to the following experiment:
Sean is thinking about using seawater to water his plants. Sean places 10 spider plants near a window for 20 days. Each day, he waters five plants with 10 ml of seawater and five plants with 10 ml of fresh water. He measures their heights before and after the 20 days.
11. What could be a hypothesis for Sean’s experiment?
12. How could Sean have increased his sample size?
13. Which variables did Sean keep constant?
Shown below is a table of Sean’s results.
Plants receiving / Average Initial Height (in cm) / Average Final Height (in cm)
Seawater / 12.1 / 12.9
Fresh water / 12.4 / 14.7
14. Based on these results which of the following could Sean conclude?
15. By measuring the height of the plants, Sean collected what type of data?
16. Did Sean include a control? What was it?
17. Your doctor asks your parents if you can participate in a clinical trial of a new medicine. If everyone agrees, what could you receive?
18. What do clinical trials include when you participate?
19. Testing medicines on people involves both benefits and risks. What is a risk that you accept in order to gain a benefit known as?
20. Scientist who study people should be aware that:
21. List all the important structures in the human respiratory system.
22. What path does food take through your digestive system?
23. With a damaged liver, what is MOST likely to occur?
24. After running for a few minutes, your pulse is likely to have:
25. What are the functions of the digestive system?
26. If you regularly eat more calories than your body uses, you are likely to:
27. Which diseases can result from a damaged liver?
28. What are the functions of the human respiratory system?
29. List the kinds of wastes produced by your body.
30. Your pulse is best defined as:
31. You begin to exercise regularly for several months. what is most likely to happen to your resting pulse (compared to your
resting pulse before you began exercising)?
32. List the human body structures in order from the largest structure to the smallest. Start with the whole human body and end with cells.
33. What is a trade-off of taking medicine to treat a headache?
34. What is one of the major causes of death in the U.S. today?
35. What determines the shape of an organ in the human body?
36. What must happen to the food you eat in order for it to be absorbed by your body? Tell about the 2 processes which are required.
37. What does blood transport?
38. Blood is primarily moved around the human body by what action?
40. How many times does the human heart normally beat in a minute?
41. What symptoms would you have if you had a respiratory system infection?
42. Blood leaving the heart may go where?
43. Is the human heart considered a muscle, an organ, or both? Explain your answer.
44. How does oxygen pass from the blood into organs?
45. List things used for the mechanical breakdown of food. List things involved in the chemical breakdown of food.
46. In which organs does most of the chemical digestion of your food take place?
47. During digestion, what is the effect of mechanical breakdown on chemical breakdown?
48. What are nutrients and how they are related to your body?
49. What are the functions of the circulatory system in the human body
50. What causes the “lub/dub” sound of the human heart beating?
51. What problems would a doctor NOT be able to hear by using a stethoscope?
52. When coronary arteries become completely blocked, what often results?
53. Bypass surgery and angioplasty are common treatments for what condition?
54. What can high blood pressure cause to happen?
55. List some voluntary risk factors of heart disease.
56. What prevents the blood from flowing back into the heart?
57. Without the nervous system, what is most likely to occur?
58. What are the two types of nerves found in the human body?
59. What could happen if the spinal cord was injured?
60. Give examples of voluntary and involuntary actions.
61. Students investigate how long it takes their heart rate to return to normal after exercising. What variables are they testing?
62. What is an opinion? Give an example about life science.
64. One scientist suggests a reason for the increase in rate of infections in humans from a new flu virus. Why would another scientist conduct more investigations on this new virus?
65. Scientist find a new species of spider. How would scientific understanding of this new spider best be relayed to others?
66. Scientist want to investigate the effects of different types of light on the growth of pea plants. They take 5 pea plants, put them in separate containers and give them the same amount of soil and water. One plant will stay in natural light. Two plants will be put under black lights and two will be put under florescent lights. Which is the control for this experiment?
67. Which organ system is responsible for mechanical and chemical breakdown of nutrients?
68. Skin tissue is made of specialized units called what?
69. Difficulty with walking may result from damage to the muscular system. Which other system may be involved when movement is affected?
70. Which tool would best measure the length of your eye lashes?
71. You are working to identify the effects of stomach acid on different types of food. Which piece of equipment is most important for you to use?
72. Which kingdoms include multicellular organisms?
73. Where can bacteria be found?
74. What function must all cells perform?
75. What is the basic unit of organization in all organisms?
76. Handling a microscope correctly involves which actions?
77. Microbes include which organisms?
78. What do humans and plants have in common?
79. Substances pass in and out of a cell through which structure?
80. How are shape and function related in cells?
81. Which cells have a membrane?
82. You can find a nucleus in the cells of which organisms?
83. What is the part of a cell that normally contains its genetic material?
84. Organize microbes in order from largest to smallest.
85. You decide to use only the highest power objective to examine microbes under the microscope. A tradeoff of your decision is what?
86. In biology, what does the word cell describe?
87. What are white blood cells?
88. List single celled organisms.
89. How are bacteria are different from protists?
90. You look at a microbe through a microscope which has an eyepiece that magnifies lOX and an objective that magnifies 4X. What is the total magnification of the microbe?
91. What type of instrument is used to look at cells?
92. Where is the hereditary material located in cells?
94. Where does cellular respiration occur?
95. Give examples of animal cells.
96. What is the smallest unit of life in all living things called?
97. What is the function of a vacuole?
98. Why are animal cells are shaped and sized differently?
99. Plant cells have these structures making them different than animal cells:
100. What would MOST likely happen if the nucleus of the cell was destroyed?