Section A WHERE PRINCIPLES COME FIRST
Background Information
the HydeSchool
In 1996, Joseph W. Gauld founded the first HydeSchool in Bath, Maine in response to a system of education which he believed was failing its children because of conflicting priorities. His search for a new approach in education led to a program that valued attitude over aptitude, effort over ability, and character over talent. This emphasis creates a learning environment where students experience success with integrity, the kind of success that lasts a lifetime.
Gauld established the Hyde curriculum, based upon Five Words, rather than five subjects: Courage, Integrity, Leadership, Curiosity, and Concern; and he incorporated them into every facet of the program.
The school cherishes the idea that educational reform must begin with the family. Actually, the Family Education Program is what makes the Hyde education unique. The school believes that parents are the primary teachers and the home is the primary classroom. This work with families for more than 35 years has led the school to a number of discoveries.
One of Hyde’s basic purposes is to develop character. This focus on character unleashes the deepest motivation in students’ self-discovery. The school helps students answer three questions:
Who am I?
Where am I going?
What do I need to do to get there?
Relationships built upon honesty and concern can also be key to helping students. Hyde has created a new student role, where students, parents, and faculty are required to help others achieve their best.
Today, there are four Hyde Schools, including inner-city models in New Haven, Connecticut and WashingtonDC, national programs for parents and teachers, and a number of established partnerships with public schools throughout the country.
New Words & Expressions:
publicity: n. 1) notice or attention from the public or news media 公众的主意，名声
receive / seek / avoid publicity引起 / 追求 / 避免公众注意
2) 宣传，宣扬
The publicityfor the book was poor and sales were low.该书宣传工作没有做好，所以销量不大。
public: a. in public 公开地，当众
cultivate: vt.1) prepare land and grow crops on it 耕作，栽培，养殖
She also cultivated a small garden of her own. 她自己也种了一小块菜地。
Olives have been cultivated for centuries in some countries in the Middle East.
橄榄树在中东一些国家已种植了几个世纪了。
2) develop; improve 培养，陶冶，发展
She read the best authors in an attempt to cultivate her mind.
她为陶冶情操而阅读最优秀作家的作品。
Cultivating a positive attitude towards yourself can reap tremendous benefits.
对自己有一种正确的心态能受益颇多。
comprehensive: a. including everything or nearly everything that is connected with a
particular subject 广泛的，综合的
a comprehensive test 综合测试
a guide book giving comprehensive information on the area
一本提供了该地区综合信息的导游书
Compare:
comprehensible: a. easy to understand
The book is written in clear, comprehensible language. 这本书写得明了易懂。
comprehension: n. 1) 理解〔力〕 2）理解力测验
controversial: a. causing public discussion and disagreement 引起争论的，有争议的
a controversial new law 有争议的新法律
Government aid to education is a controversial subject.政府资助教育是一个尚有争议的话题。
controversy: n. public discussion and disagreement about sth. 争论，辩论
The plans for changing the city centre caused a great deal of controversy.
市中心的改建计划引来很多争议。
a political controversy over human rights abuses 关于滥用人权的政治争议
suspend: vt.1) stop of delay sth. for a time 暂停，中止
Some rail services were suspended during the strike.罢工期间，有些铁路服务中止了。
The young man was given a suspended sentence. 这个年轻人被判缓刑。
2) hang sth. up 悬，挂，吊
A lamp was suspended from the ceiling. 天花板上吊着一盏灯。
suspension (B6): n. 1）暂停，中止
2）暂令停止参加，暂时剥夺
3）（汽车等防止振动、颠簸的）悬架，悬置机构
4）悬浮液
5）悬，挂，吊
strain: n.1) a state of worry and tension 极度紧张，过劳；（对精力、体力、能力的）苛求，压力
He is under a lot of strain at work. 他承受着很大的工作压力。
Mum’s illness has put a strain on the whole family. 妈妈的病使全家人担忧。
2) the condition of being pulled or stretched too tightly 拉紧，绷紧
The rope finally broke under the strain. 绷紧的绳子终于断了。
3) 张力
What is the breaking strain of this cable? 这缆索的致断拉力是多少？
4) 扭伤，拉伤
a painful strain 使人疼痛的扭伤
5) [常pl.] 旋律，曲调
I heard the strains of the church organ. 我听到教堂风琴奏出的音乐。
6) 品种，品系，家系
a new strain of wheat 小麦的新品种
7) 气质，个性特点
There’s a strain of madness in the family. 那一家人都有点疯疯癫癫的。
vt. 1) 扭伤，拉伤
strain a muscle, one’s heart 肌肉、心肌劳损
2) put a lot of pressure on sth. 尽力使用，使紧张
strain (one’s ears) to hear a conversation 聚精会神地听别人交谈
Money problems have strained their relationship. 钱的问题使他们关系紧张。
3) 拉紧，绷紧
strain a rope (until it breaks) 把绳子拉紧（直到拉断）
vi. make a great effort to do sth. 尽力，努力
Several thousand supporters strained to catch a glimpse of the new president.
几千名支持者尽力想看一眼新总统。
preliminary:1) a. coming before or preparing for sth. else that is more important 预备的，初步的
a preliminary meeting 预备会议
After a few preliminary remarks the discussions began.几句开场白后，讨论就开始了。
2) n. [常 pl.] 初步做法，起始行为
the necessary preliminaries to a peace conference 为召开和平会议而举行的必要的筹备会
minority: n.1) a group of people who are of a different race or religion to most people in the community or country where they live 少数民族
Schools in Britain need to do more to help children of ethnic minorities.
英国学校需要给予少数民族儿童更多的帮助。
2) the smaller number or part of a group; less than half 少数，少数派
These troubled students are only a minority. 这些有问题的学生只是少数。
Most women continue to work when they are married. Only a minority stays at home.
多数妇女婚后依然工作，只有少数会待在家里。
minor: a. 1) 较小的，较少的 2) 次要的
n. 1) 未成年人 2) 副修科目
conventional: a. 1) following what is traditional or customary 普通的，习惯的，常规的
a conventional design, method 传统的式样、方法
The house was built with conventional materials but in a totally new style.
房屋用的是传统建筑材料，但风格却是全新的。
conventional weapons, warfare, etc. 常规的武器、战争等
2) based on general agreement about how people should act or behave in certain circumstances
符合习俗的，因循守旧的
She’s so conventional in her views. 她的观点太保守。
convention: n. 1) 习俗，惯例 2) 公约，协议 3) （正式）会议，（定期）大会
reform: v.1) vt. change sth. in order to make it better 改革，改良，改造
reform the examination system 改革考试制度
You have to reform the management of the company. 你得改革公司的管理制度。
2) vi. behave better or fit into society better 改正，改过自新
He’s done wrong in the past but he has made serious efforts to reform.
他过去做了错事，但现在在努力改过自新。
n. changes in sth. in order to make it better 改革，改良，改造
a major reform to the system 对这一制度的重大改革
political reform in Eastern Europe 东欧的政治改革
a reform policy 一项改革制度
moral: n.1) standards or principles of good behavior [pl.] 道德，品行，道德规范
They have no morals. 他们没有道德观念。
Western ideas and morals 西方理念和道德观
2) 寓意
The moral of this story is ‘Better late than never’.这个故事的寓意是‘迟做总比不做好’。
a. 道德（上）的，有道德的
a moral law / duty 道德律 / 道义上的责任
Compare:
morale: n. the way that a group of people feel at a particular time 士气，斗志
The team’s morale was high before the match. 赛前队员们的士气很高。
Low pay in recent years has led to low morale. 近年来的低工资导致了士气低落。
curriculum: n. (pl. curriculums or curriculA. all the subjects that are taught in a school, college, or
university; the contents of a particular course of study 课程，（学校等的）全部课程
Latin is not on the curriculum at our school. 我们学校的课程中没有拉丁语
The curriculum for foreign languages emphasizes communication skills.外语课程强调交际能力。
admission: n.1) permission to enter a school, a club, a public place, etc. 准许进入，准许加入
All those who were not wearing a tie were refused admission to the club.
凡不戴领带的人都不允许进入俱乐部。
Admissions to British universities have increased by 15% this year.
今年，英国大学的入学率增加了15%。
2) the amount of money that one pays to enter a place 入场费，入场券
The museum charges $5 admission. 博物馆的门票是5美元。
3) a statement that sth., usually unpleasant, is true 承认，供认
I viewed her silence as an admission of guilt. 我认为她的沉默就是承认有罪。
Compare:
admittance: n. (fml.) being allowed to enter a place (esp. a private one); the right to enter
No admittance. 禁止入内。
The journalist tried to gain admittance to the minister’s office.
记者力争获得进入部长办公室的权利。
session: n. 1) a period of time or meeting arranged for a particular activity
（从事某项活动的）集会（或一段时间）
There’ll be a question-and-answer session at the end of this morning’s lecture.
上午讲座结束时会有一段答疑时间。
2) a meeting or series of meetings of an official body such as a parliament or a law court
会议，一届会
an emergency session of parliament 国会紧急会议
The court was in session. 法庭开庭了。
utmost: 1) n. the greatest extent, amount, degree, etc. that is possible 极限，极度，最大可能
The best plan is to continue to attack him to the utmost of our power.
最好的计划就是继续尽力攻击他。
2) a. greatest 极度的，最大的
a message of utmost importance 极为重要的消息
Utmost care must be taken when you do this kind of experiment. 你做这种实验时必须极为小心。
do / try one’s utmost: do / try one’s best 竭力，尽全力
I did my utmost to help. 我已尽力帮忙。
He will try his utmost to help them by means of his conventional medical knowledge.
他会尽力用他所知道的传统医疗知识来帮助他们。
worthwhile: a. enjoyable, useful, or satisfying enough to be worth the cost or effort 值得（做）的
Working for so little money just isn’t worthwhile. 为这么点钱工作不值得。
Medicine is a very worthwhile career. 医学工作是一项很值得从事的职业。
outset: n. beginning 开始，开端
There have been difficulties with the firm right from the outset. 公司一开始就困难重重。
At the outset he had put his trust in me, the son of his old friend.
一开始他就很信任我——他老朋友的儿子。
at / from the outset 开端，开始
optimistic: a. hoping or believing that what happens in the future will be good or successful
乐观（主义）的
I’ve applied for the job but I’m not very optimistic about my chances of getting it.
我应聘那项工作，但对得到它并不乐观。
The President says he is optimistic that an agreement can be worked out soon.
总统说，他对尽快达成协议持乐观态度。
He is in an optimistic mood. 他的情绪很乐观。
optimism (B6): n. 乐观，乐观主义
pessimistic: a. 悲观（主义）的
faculty: n. 1) (usually with the article “the”) teaching staff of a school, or a university or a college department (used with either a singular or a plural verB. 全体教员
The faculty has / have been invited to the meeting. 全体职工都受邀参加该会议。
2) one department in a university, college, etc. 系，学科，学院
the Faculty of Law 法律系
the Faculty of Social and Political Science 社会政治科学系
3) one of the natural abilities of a person’s body or mind 能力，技能，天赋
the faculty of hearing 听力
the faculty of sight 视力
insult: 1) vt. speak or act rudely to sb. 侮辱，辱骂
I felt very insulted when I didn’t even get an answer to my letter.
当我连回信都没有得到时，我感到受了侮辱。
2) n. a rude remark or action 侮辱，凌辱
The drivers were standing in the road yelling insults at each other.司机站在路上大声对骂。
Some television advertisements are an insult to people’s intelligence.
有些电视广告对人的智力来说是一种侮辱。
curse: v. 1) swear at sb. or sth.; use rude language to express one’s anger 咒骂
They cursed the traffic, realizing they would be late.
意识到可能会迟到，他们开始咒骂交通状况。
He dropped the box, cursed, and began to pick up the contents.
箱子掉了下来，他骂了一声，然后开始捡散落的东西。
2) use a word or words to express an evil wish 诅咒
She cursed his family. 她诅咒他的家庭。
n. 1) a word used for expressing anger; a swear word 咒骂
He uttered a curse. 他骂了一声。
2) a word or words expressing the wish that sth. terrible will happen to sb. 诅咒，咒语
The witch put a curse on him. 巫婆对他下了咒。
The family seemed to be under a curse. 这个家庭好像被人诅咒了。
3) 祸害，祸根
the curse of inflation 通货膨胀的祸害
Gambling is often a curse. 赌博往往是个祸根。
spread (sth.) to: (cause to) reach sb. or sth. else, as by touching or other means of passing (使)传播
Firemen succeeded in preventing the fire from spreading to other office buildings.
消防队员成功地防止了火势蔓延到其他办公楼。
We have been asked to spread the news to all our friends. 有人请我们把消息告诉所有的朋友。
If you allow the child to attend school he could spread the bad cold to all the other children.
如果你让孩子上学，他可能将重感冒传染给其他孩子。
over one’s protest: in spite of one’s protest 在有异议的情况下，不顾某人的抗议
The nurse gave the boy an injection over his protest.护士不顾男孩的抗议给他打了一针。
A nuclear plant was built in the area over the farmer’s protests.
一座核电厂不顾农民的抗议在这个地区建了起来。
put forth: 1) use , show , or bring sth. such as strength into action
Putting forth a great effort, he uprooted the tree. 他使了很大的劲把树拔了出来。
2) (fml) (of trees and plants) send out or produce (buds, shoots, etc.)
(指花草树木) 长出 (花蕾) 或发 (芽等)
Spring has come and the hedges are putting forth new leaves.春天到了，树篱长出了新叶子。
complete with: including; having as an additional part 包括，备有
There is a good hotel not far from the city, complete with swimming pool and garden leading directly to the beach. 离城市不远有个很好的旅馆，带有游泳池和通向海滩的花园。
Our firemen came, of course, complete with rescue equipment, first aid kit, etc.
当然，消防队员来了，带有救援器械和医疗急救箱等。
work out: 1) invent, develop, or produce (sth. such as an ideA. by thinking 想出，制定出
We must work out a better method of saving paper.
我们必须想出更好的节省纸张的办法。
We’ll leave it to the committee to work out the details of the plan.
我们将让委员会来制定计划的具体细节。
2) decide or find an answer to (sth. such as a difficulty) 解决
I’ll give you ten minutes to work out the problem.
我将给你10分钟时间来解决这一问题。
We do have trouble in our relationship, but I feel that we can work it out between us without professional help. 我们的关系的确有问题，但我想我俩可以解决，不用请专业人士帮忙。
3) calculate sth. 算出 work out at sth. 等于；总计为
I’ve worked out your share of the expenses at $10.
我已经计算出你应分摊的费用是10美元。
The total works out at $10. 总数为10美元。
4) understand sb.’s nature 理解，弄懂
I’ve never been able to work her out. 我一向无法了解她。
5) develop in a specified way; turn out 产生结果
Things worked out quite well. 事情的结果很不错。
Language Points:
The Hyde school operates on the principle that…(Para. 1)
Meaning: The HydeSchool is run on the principle that…
… truth, courage, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern…(Para. 1)
These words are the bases of the Hyde curriculum established by Joseph Gauld. See Background Information.
… then academic achievement naturally follows. (Para. 1)
Meaning: … then the students will naturally make their academic achievements.
HydeSchool founder Joseph Gauld claims success with the program at the $18,000-a-year high school in Bath, Maine, which has received considerable publicity for its work with troubled youngsters. (Para. 1)
Meaning: Joseph Gauld, the founder of the HydeSchool, declares that the program at the high school in Bath, Maine is successful. The school, which charges a student $18,000 per year, has drawn considerable attention from the public and news media because of its successful work with troubled students.
We don’t see ourselves as a school for a type of kid, …(Para. 2)
Meaning: In our opinion, our school is not a school for a particular type of students, …
see … as: consider sb. or sth. to be 认为某人或某物是……
Do you see the new leader as the hope of the company? 你认为新领导是公司的希望吗？
Most people see his action as possibly dangerous. 多数人认为他的行动可能很危险。
Her questions were seen as interrupting the class. 她的提问被认为是打断讲课。
Why are deaf children so often seen as stupid? 为什么聋哑儿童常常被认为是傻子？
Similar expressions: regard … as, consider … as, have … as, look on … as, …
We see ourselves as preparing kids for a way of life—by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can affect all kids. (Para. 2)
Meaning: We think our duty is to prepare students for a way of life—by teaching them a complete set of principles that can influence all students.
Now, Joe Gauld is trying to spread his controversial Character First idea to public, inner-city schools willing to use the tax dollars spent on the traditional program for the new approach. (Para. 3)
Meaning: Now Joe Gauld is trying to spread his idea that character comes first—an idea that has caused much public discussion and disagreement—to inner-city public schools which used to spend the tax dollars on a traditional program but now are willing to spend the money on the new program.
Note that Joe stands for Joseph. This is the so-called “pet name”– a name that is given to someone whom one specially likes or loves, used instead of that person’s real name. Other examples are Rick standing for Richard, Tom standing for Tommy, Bill standing for William, etc.
Character First idea: the idea that character comes first
inner city: the usually older, central part of a city, especially when characterized by crowded neighborhoods in which low-income, often minority groups predominate. Inner-city schools are usually believed to have a comparatively inferior education system.
旧城区（学校常被认为教育质量低劣）
Teachers protested the program’s demands and the strain associated with more intense work. (Para. 3)
Meaning: Teachers said they didn’t like the program’s demands (which are probably too high) and the stress that came from more intense work.
protest: 1) v. express one’s disagreement, feeling of unfairness, annoyance, etc. 抗议，反对
Please notice that in American English “protest” is used without a preposition.
They protested the government’s handling of the situation. 他们反对政府处理局势的手法。
Most people protest the company’s decision to lay off so many workers.
多数人反对公司如此大规模裁员的决议。
Compare:
The students have been protesting against the government’s decision.
学生们一直在抗议政府的决定。
The children protested loudly at being taken home early.
孩子们大声抗议过早地被带回家。
Many of the passengers protested about the lack of information at the airport.
许多乘客抗议机场没有提供足够的信息。
2) n. 抗议，反对
The minister resigned in protest against the decision. 这位部长为反对那项决策而辞职。
This fall, the Hyde Foundation is scheduled to begin a preliminary public school program in Baltimore.(Para. 4)
Meaning: This fall, the Hyde Foundation plans to start an introductory public school program in the city of Baltimore in Maryland.
be scheduled to do: be arranged to do 被安排，定于
She is scheduled to give a speech tonight. 她定于今晚演讲。
The train was scheduled to arrive at 10: 30. 火车定于10点半到达。
Other US school managers are eyeing the program, too(Para. 4)
Meaning: Other US school managers are greatly interested in the program, too.
eye: vt. look at sb. or sth. closely 看，审视，注视
She eyed him with suspicion. 她怀疑地看着他。
Many people are eyeing the progress of the new project. 许多人在关注着这一新项目的进展。
Last fall, the Hyde Foundation opened a magnet program within a public high school … overparents’ protests.(Para. 4)
Meaning: Last fall, the Hyde Foundation opened a program that drew much attention … in spite of protests from parents.
As in Maine the quest for truth is also widespread at the school in Connecticut.(Para. 5)
Meaning: The search for truth is prevailing in Maine, and the same thing happens at the school in Connecticut.
Please note that here “as” is used to compare situations (or sometimes actions) by saying that they are similar. For example:
In Greece, as in Italy, they use a lot of olive oil in cooking.
与在意大利一样，在希腊，人们做饭时用很多橄榄油。
In China, as in Japan, in order to get into a famous university a large number of middle school students take supplementary（补充的）classes.
See Exercise VIII (on Page 72)
quest (B6): n. a long search for sth. that is difficult to find 寻求，搜索，追求
my quest for a better life 我对更加美好的生活的追求
his quest to find true love 他对真爱的寻求
… the 11 students spend the last five minutes in an energetic exchange evaluating their class performance for the day on a 1 – 10 scale. (Para. 5)
Meaning: … the 11 students spend the last five minutes actively discussing and evaluating their class performance of the day on a scale that ranges from 1 to 10.
energetic (B6): a. of or needing energy 精力充沛的，充满活力的
Long-distance running is a very energetic form of exercise.长跑是种消耗体力的运动。
He is an energetic person. 他是个精力充沛的人。
Wait, I put my best effortforth here. (Para. 10)
Meaning: No, I don’t agree. I made great efforts here.
He notes “no amount of change” with the horse and carriage “will produce an automobile”. (Para. 12)
Meaning: He points out that no matter what changes you’ve made with the horse and carriage, no automobile will come out of it.
To avoid the controversy of other character programs used in US schools, Gauld says the concept of doing your best has nothing to do with forcing the students to accept a particular set of morals or religious values.
Meaning: In order to prevent arguments that other character programs used in US schools have aroused, Gauld says the idea of doing your best doesn’t mean forcing the students to accept a certain set of good behavior or religious beliefs.
The Hyde curriculum is similar to conventional schools that provide preparation for college, complete with English, history, math and science. (Para. 13)
Meaning: The subjects that the HydeSchool offers are almost the same as those in conventional schools that get students academically ready for college, with all necessary subjects such as English, history, math and science.
Commitment among parents is a key ingredient in the Hydemixture. (Para. 14)
Meaning: Parents’ devotion is an important element in the Hyde program.