Section 2 - Women Make Progress

  1. Progressive Women Expand Reforms
  2. Early 1900s
  3. Do more than being a wife and mother
  4. Expand role in community
  5. Education helped achieve goals
  6. Bryn Mawr College
  7. School of Social Work in NY
  8. Trained women to lead new organizations
  9. Women now had
  10. Education
  11. Modern ideas
  12. Middle - class white women began to tackle problems in society
  13. Working Women Face Hardships
  14. Difficult Jobs
  15. Outside the home
  16. Factories
  17. Servants
  18. Laundresses
  19. Immigrants, African Americans, women from rural areas filled these jobs
  20. Little or no education
  21. Dangerous conditions
  22. Hand wages over to husband
  23. No right to vote
  24. Little influence on the politicians who could expand their rights and interests
  25. Reformers Champion Working Women’s Rights
  26. Limit the number of work hours
  27. Key issue
  28. Success
  29. 1903 - Oregon law capped women work hours to 10 hours
  30. Muller vs. Oregon - Supreme Court reviewed and said long hours harmed working women and their families
  31. Progressives viewed this as a victory for women
  32. Florence Kelley - believed women were hurt by the unfair prices of goods they had to buy to run their homes
  33. 1899 - helped found National Consumers League (NCL)
  34. Gave special labels to “goods produced under fair, safe, and healthy working conditions”
  35. Urged women to buy them and avoid products that did not have label
  36. Pushed for other reforms;
  37. Government to inspect meat packing plants
  38. Make workplaces safer
  39. Make payments to the unemployed
  40. Helped form Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL)
  41. Improve conditions for female factory workers
  42. Upper-class and working-class women served together as leaders
  43. Pushed for federal laws for
  44. Minimum wage
  45. 8 hour work day
  46. Workers’ strike fund - help support families who refused to work in unsafe or unfair working conditions
  47. Women Work for Changes in Family Life
  48. Main goal of Progressive Women
  49. Improve family life
  50. Keep families healthy and safe
  51. Temperance movement
  52. Led by Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
  53. Promotedtemperance - practice of never drinking alcohol
  54. Members though alcohol led men to spend earnings on liquor
  55. Neglect their families
  56. Abuse their wives
  57. Led to the passing of the 18th Amendment - outlawed the production and sale of alcohol
  58. Margaret Sanger - thought family life and women’s health would improve if mothers had fewer children
  59. Opened firth birth-control clinic
  60. Jailed several times as a “public nuisance”
  61. 1921 - founded the American Birth Control League
  62. Ida B. Wells - black teacher, helped form the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) in 1896
  63. Aimed to help families strive for success
  64. to assist those who were less fortunate
  65. Provide day care centers
  66. Educate black children

Women Fight for the Right to Vote

  1. Women Suffrage
  2. The right for women to vote
  3. Only way to make sure the government would;
  4. Protect children
  5. Foster education
  6. Support family life
  7. Key Women Figures
  8. Jane Addams
  9. Susan B. Anthony
  10. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
  11. Tirelessly struggled for women to have a voice in the political issues
  12. 1890 - Wyoming and Colorado - women won the right to vote
  13. Catt Takes Charge of the Movement
  14. 1890s - national suffrage movement reenergized by Carrie Chapman Catt
  15. Studied law
  16. Worked as one of country’s first female school superintendents
  17. Great speaker
  18. Traveled country urging women to join the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
  19. Became VP of NAWSA in 1900
  20. Developed a “winning plan”
  21. Women lobbied Congress to pass an amendment giving women the right to vote
  22. Other women would use a new referendum process to try to pass state suffrage laws
  23. 1918 - women had right to vote in NY, Michigan, and Oklahoma
  24. “Society Plan” - recruit wealthy, well-educated women
  25. African Americans
  26. Mexican Americans
  27. Jewish immigrants
  28. Known as “suffragettes” - promote suffrage in their own areas
  29. Some Women Against Suffrage
  30. National Association Opposed to Women Suffrage (NAOWS)
  31. Believed that the effort to win the vote would take women’s attention away from family and volunteer work that benefited society in many ways
  32. This organization soon faded away
  33. Activists Carry on the Struggle
  34. Social Activists - grew more daring in strategies to win vote
  35. Alice Paul - best known leader; raised in Quaker home
  36. Always encouraged to be independent
  37. Earned Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1912
  38. Believed drastic steps were needed to win the vote
  39. 1913 - recruited women across the country
  40. 1917 - formed the National Woman’s Party (NWP) - used public protest marches
  41. First group to march to White House with picket signs
  42. Hundreds arrested
  43. Some went on hunger strikes
  44. Did help the women gain the right to vote
  45. 19th Amendment Becomes Law
  46. June 1919 - Congress approved the 19th Amendment - which states the right to vote “shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex”
  47. August 18th, 1920 - Tennessee State House Representatives passed the amendment by 1 vote.
  48. This made the amendment become official