Section 2, Continued

Section 2, continued

/ Main Ideas
1.North Africa’s history includes ancient Egyptian civilization.
2.Islam influences the cultures of North Africa and most people speak Arabic.
Key Terms and Places
______ city in Egypt founded by Alexander the Great in 332 BC
______ an ethnic group who are native to North Africa and speak Berber languages

Guided Reading

NORTH AFRICA’S HISTORY

The Ancient Egyptians

1. Around 3200 BC, people along the northern Nile united into a single ______. The ancient Egyptians participated in ______, developed a ______, and built ______in which to bury their ______, or kings.
2. The ______were made of large blocks of stone that were probably rolled on logs to the Nile and then moved by barge to the building site. The ______of Egypt took about twenty years to finish.

Egyptian Writing

1. ______, pictures and symbols that stand for ideas and words, formed the basis for Egypt’s first writing system. Each ______stood for one or more ______in the Egyptian language. Many writings recorded the______and ______of the pharaohs.

Greek and Arab Civilizations

1. Invaders of North Africa included people from the eastern______, ______, and ______. The Macedonian king,______, founded the city of ______in Egypt in 332 BC. It became an important port of ______and a great center of ______. In the AD 600s, ______armies from Southwest Asia started invading North Africa. They ruled most or all of North Africa until the 1800s, bringing the ______and ______to the region.

European Influence

1. In the 1800s ______countries began invading North Africa. By 1912 Spain and France controlled ______, France also controlled ______and ______, Italy controlled ______, and the British controlled ______. The countries gradually gained independence in the mid-1900s. ______was the last country to win independence in 1962.

Modern North Africa

1. Today the countries of North Africa are trying to build stronger ties to other ______countries.

CULTURES OF NORTH AFRICA

People and Language

1. ______, ______, and ______(nomatic herders)make up almost all of Egypt’s population. People west of Egypt are mostly of mixed Arab and Berber ancestry. Most North Africans speak ______.

Religion

1. Most North Africans are______who practice the religion of ______. About 10% of Egyptians are ______or practice other religions.

Foods

1. ______, ______, ______, and ______are common foods. ______, a pellet-like pasta made from wheat, is served steamed with vegetables or meat. Another favorite dish is ______, made from fava beans.

Holidays and Customs

1. Two important holidays are the birthday of ______, the prophet of Islam, and ______, a holy month during which Muslims fast. Traditional clothing is long and loose. Many women cover their entire body except for the ______and ______.

The Arts and Literature

1. North Africa has a rich and varied tradition in the arts and literature. Traditional arts include ______, hand-woven ______, and hand-painted ______. Egypt also has a growing______industry. North African music is based on ______and ______.One of Egypt’s most famous writers is Naguib Mahfouz, who was the first Arab writer to win the ______for Literature.

Section 2, continued

Alexandria / Arabic / Berbers / couscous
fuul / pyramids / hieroglyphics / pharaohs

DIRECTIONS: Look at each set of four terms. On the line provided, write the letter of the term that does not relate to the others.

______1. a. pharaohs b. pyramidsc. Egyptians d. Muslims

______2. a. couscous b. fuulc.Cleopatra d. nuts

______3. a. King Tut b. Berbersc.herders d. tribes

______4. a. writing b. couscousc.hieroglyphics d. pictures

______5. a. trade b. Alexandriac.Morocco d. seaport

DIRECTIONS:Answer each question by writing a sentence that contains at least one word from the word bank.

6.What language(s) do North Africans speak?

______

______

7.What are some common foods served in North Africa?

______

______

CHALLENGE ACTIVITY

Critical Thinking: Evaluating Imagine that you are traveling throughout North Africa. Write a letter to a friend at home that describes the people you meet and the places you visit.