Section 1: Minerals

  1. ______--Four Properties
  1. ______occurring-formed by processes on or inside Earth with no input from humans
  2. ______--Not made by life processes
  3. Defined Chemical ______– Fixed make-up of elements or compounds.
  4. ______have an orderly arrangement which leads to the ______.
  1. ______--solid with atoms arranged in orderly, repeating patterns.
  1. Some crystals form from______-a hot melted rock below the Earth’s surface.
  1. ______Cooling – creates large crystals
  2. ______Cooling – creates small crystals
  3. Examples: Volcano erupts and on the slop of the hill you will have larger crystals forming in comparison to those cooled quickly by the sea.
  1. Crystals can also be formed by ______evaporating
  2. Elements within the solution form crystals as the volume of liquid is reduced
  3. The dissolved particles form crystals as a result
  4. Example: Rock Candy - sugar
  1. Mineral groups – have the same ______throughout.
  1. Silicatesare the largest group of crystalline structures
  2. Silicon and oxygen are the two most ______elements in Earth’s crust; they form the building block of many minerals.

SECTION 2: Mineral Identification:

  1. ______and ______are not enough information to distinguish one mineral from another.
  2. ______ is a measure of how easily a mineral con be ______; the ______scale compares mineral hardness.
  3. Softest – a fingernail scratch…Talc
  4. Hardest – cannot be scratched…Diamond
  5. The way a mineral reflects ______is its luster.

a.Can be ______or nonmetallic

b.Nonmetallic lusters include dull, pearly, silky, and ______.

  1. Specific______is the ratio of a mineral’s weight to the weight of an equal volume of water.
  2. ______is the color of a mineral in powdered form
  3. Note…the mineral must be softer than the ______that is used in the test.
  4. The way in which a mineral ______apart can be a distinguishing characteristic.

a.Minerals with ______break along smooth, flat surfaces.

b.Minerals with ______break with uneven, rough, or jagged surfaces.

  1. Other minerals have very unique properties like how ______passes through them or ______.

Section 3: Use of minerals:

  1. ______are rare and beautiful minerals that are highly prized

a.The Hope diamond and the Cullinan diamond are famous ______gems.

b.Gems also have ______applications in abrasives, lasers and electronics.

  1. Minerals can be mined for the ______they contain

a.An ______is a mineral or rock containing a substance that can be mined at a profit.

b.Elements must be ______, or purified, from the ores.

c.Elements that can be dissolved in liquids can sometimes travel to and pool in cracks of rocks. These are called ______

  1. Mineral combinations are very helpful as well.
  2. ______is a useful metal that comes from a combination of two minerals, ilmenite and rutile

Think About it!

•How does the rate of evaporation effect crystal shape?

•How does the rate of evaporation effect crystal size?

•Name five properties that can be used to identify a mineral.

•Besides jewelry, what are some other applications for minerals?