World History

Second Semester Study Guide

Key Terms

Industrial Revolution

Agricultural Revolution

Enclosures

Crop Rotation

Seed Drill

Jethro Tull

Factors of Production (Industrialization)

Spinning Jenny

Cotton Gin

Power Loom

Water/Steam Power

James Watt

Railroads

Canals

Urbanization

Manchester

Wages

Coal Mines

Middle Class

Working Class

Strikes

Boycotts

Corporations

Stocks

Monopolies

Laissez-Faire

Adam Smith

Capitalism

Utilitarianism

Robert Owen

Socialism

Karl Marx

Communist Manifesto

Bourgeoisie

Proletariat

Communism

Labor Unions

Collective Bargaining

Reform Laws

Imperialism

Industrial Revolution

Ethnic/Linguistic Groups

Social Darwinism

Belgian Congo

Raw Materials

Zulus

Boers

Boer War

Colony

Protectorate

Sphere of influence

Economic Imperialism

Indirect Control

Direct Control

Paternalism

Assimilation

Nigeria

African Resistance

Ethiopia/Melenik II

Ottoman Empire

Geopolitics

Crimean War

Muhammad Ali

Suez Canal

Persia

India

Jewel in the Crown

East India Company

Sepoys

Sepoy Rebellion

Raj

Nationalism

Militarism

Nationalism

Imperialism

Alliances

Otto Von Bismarck

Triple Alliance

Triple Entente

Balkans

Slavic

Gavrilo Princip

Central Powers

Allied Powers

Stalemate

Schlieffen Plan

Trench Warfare

No Man’s Land

Western Front

Eastern Front

Battle of Somme

Battle of Verdun

Gallipoli Campaign

Lusitania

Zimmermann Telegram

Total War

Rationing

Unemployment

Russian Revolution

Treaty of Brest-Litvosk

Big Four

Fourteen Point

Treaty of Versailles

League of Nations

Armistice

Suffrage

Alexander III

Nicholas II

Secret Police

Censorship

Communism

Bolsheviks

Vladimir Lenin

Russo-Japanese War

Bloody Sunday

Duma

World War I

Rasputin

March Revolution

Provisional Government

Soviets

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Red Army

Leon Trotsky

NEP

USSR

Communist Party

Josef Stalin

Totalitarianism

Police Terror

Indoctrination

Propaganda

Great Purge

Five-Year Plans

Collective Farms

Great Depression

Benito Mussolini

Il Duce

Adolf Hitler

Nazi Party

Mein Kampf

Lebensraum

Anti-Semitism

SS

Treaty of Versailles

Adolf Hitler

Nazis

Lebensraum

Aryans

Emperor Hirohito

Manchuria

League of Nations

Ethiopia

Appeasement

Axis Powers

Rhineland

Nonaggression Pact

Munich Agreement

Blitzkrieg

Phony War

Operation Barbarossa

Battle of Britain

Allied Powers

Pearl Harbor

Island Hopping

Bataan Death March

Operation Overlord

D-Day

Atomic Bombs

Final Solution

Holocaust

Ghettos

Kristallnacht

Concentration Camps

Nuremberg Trials

Occupied Japan

Yalta Conference

United Nations

Cold War

Capitalism

Communism

Iron Curtain

Containment

Truman Doctrine

Marshall Plan

Berlin Airlift

NATO

Warsaw Pact

Nuclear War

Chinese Civil War

Mao Zedong

Chang Hai-Shek

People’s Republic of China

Taiwan

Great Leap Forward

Red Guards

Sino-Soviet Split

Chinese Cultural Revolution

First World

Second World

Third World

Cuban Missile Crisis

Iranian Hostage Crisis

Khrushchev/Destalinization

Brezhnev

Brinksmanship

Détente

SALT

Mikhail Gorbachev

Glasnost

Perestroika

Democratization

Ronald Reagan

CIS

Boris Yeltsin

Vladimir Putin

Berlin Wall

Reunification of Germany

Deng Xiaoping

Short Answers/Essay Concepts

  1. What were the four factors of production during the Industrial Revolution and describe each and its contribution/importance for the Industrial Revolution.
  2. Compare and contrast the major economic systems of capitalism, communism, and socialism. Include the main ideas of the system as well as strengths and weaknesses of the systems.
  3. (mini-essay) What were three positives of the Industrial Revolution? What were three negatives of the Industrial Revolution? Based on both, to what extent was the Industrial Revolution in Britain/Europe a success?
  4. What is imperialism? What were three reasons why Europeans looked to imperialize?
  5. Give three specific (and from different areas) instances of resistance to imperialism (ie one from Africa, one from Middle East, one from India). Why did locals rebel and why/why not were they successful in their resistance?
  6. Using all case examples, give three major positives of imperialism and three major negatives of imperialism.

  1. What were the causes of World War I?
  2. How did the situation in the Balkans contribute to World War I?
  3. What was the fighting that took place during World War I? What were the major results of this type of fighting?
  4. What is meant by “total war?” What are three ways in which World War I was a total war?
  5. What were some of the major reasons why the Central Powers lost World War I and the Allied Powers won?
  6. What were the major terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Why did this peace lead to a “peace on quicksand?”
  7. What were the general reactions of the major powers to the Treaty of Versailles?
  8. Trace the steps of the Russian Revolution. What were some of the major reasons why the people of Russia revolted against the government and the Bolsheviks took over?
  9. What are the major features of a totalitarian state? How did Stalin create a totalitarian state in Russia? (be specific)
  10. What is fascism? Why did fascism become popular throughout Europe? How did Hitler/Mussolini impose fascist measures to maintain and keep control?
  11. What were the major causes of WWII? How did the major terms of the Treaty of Versailles help cause WWII?
  12. What was the fighting like in WWII and what was it called? How did this fighting look different from the fighting in World War I?
  13. How did the Japanese perform in the war in the Pacific? How did the US combat them and with what success? What finally ended the war with the Japanese?
  14. What were the major reasons behind Germany’s success and Allied failures in WWII?
  15. What was the Holocaust and how does this fit into Hitler’s major beliefs? How did Hitler plan to solve the “problem” and what were its results?
  16. What is the Cold War and why is it referred to as such? Why did the Cold War develop and why are the US and USSR both to blame? (use your primary sources to assist you)
  17. Why did Communism takeover in China? How did Mao attempt to fix China and what happened as a result? How has China made reforms? Where are reforms still needed/lacking?
  18. What were the major reforms of Gorbachev that led to the end of the USSR? What happened as a result of these reforms to the 15 republics of the USSR as well as countries of Central and Eastern Europe.