1. ______is a force that attracts all objects toward each other.
  2. A regular change in temperature that repeats itself every year is called a ______.
  3. The imaginary line drawn from the north geographic pole to the south geographic pole is called Earth's ______. It tilts at ____ degrees in the ______direction at all times.
  4. Earth spins on its axis, and one rotation takes about one ______.
  5. ______causes Earth to have day and night.
  6. How long is one Earth revolution? ______or _____ days. The path around the Sun is called an ______. It is the shape of an ellipse (oval).
  7. What is a leap year? ______.
  8. Since Earth’s tilt and revolution cause ______, the hemisphere leaning toward the Sun has ______with hotter and longer days (more direct sunlight) and the hemisphere leaning away from the Sun has ______with colder and shorter days (less direct sunlight).
  9. The longest day of the year in the northern hemisphere is the ______.
    The shortest day of the year in our hemisphere is the ______.
  10. When it is Fall in North America, it is ______in South America. (Northern hemisphere and Southern hemisphere are opposite due to the tilt of Earth).
  11. During an equinox, the Sun is directly above Earth's ______(an imaginary line between the hemispheres) and day and night are ______in length, or ___ hours each.
  12. Label the following for the Northern hemisphere: Seasons’ names, Axis for each, shortest and longest day, equinox (equal day and night)

  1. Name the 4 seasons in order beginning with Spring:
    ______
  2. The Moon takes about 27.3 days to revolve around ______and 27.3 days to ______on its axis. Because of this the ______of the Moon always faces Earth.
  3. The Sun is always lighting half of the Moon; what we actually see is the sunlight reflected from the Moon, and these ______look different depending on the Moon’s location.
  4. Moon phases growing in size are ______, decreasing phases are ______.
  5. The phase of the Moon that you cannot see is ______.
  6. Why can't you see a new moon?
    ______
    ______
  7. Name the moon phases below; also draw an arrow showing the direction of the sunlight.

______

______

  1. When Earth moves into the Moon's shadow, the result is a ______eclipse.
  2. When they line up in this order, a lunar eclipse occurs.______.
  3. The full Moon becomes dark during a ______eclipse.
  4. Draw, label and explain how a solar eclipse occurs.
    ______
    ______
    ______
    ______
    ______
  5. Draw, label and explain how a lunar eclipse occurs.
    ______
    ______
    ______
    ______
    ______
  6. Draw, label and explain how the two types of tides are formed:
    ______
    ______
    ______
    ______
    ______
  7. Draw and label graphs for the three tidal patterns seen due to your location on earth.
  8. Explain the properties of water that cause it to be so strongly affected by the gravitational forces of the sun and moon.

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