Scramble for Africa

African Imperialism

Scramble for Africa

In the 1870s the ______began to trade with Africans in the Congo.

Fearing they would miss out on various ______, the other European nations ______to establish their presence on the continent.

Berlin Conference

In 1884, to avoid ______amongst themselves, European leaders met at the Berlin Conference to set up rules for ______Africa. No ______were invited.

The European powers agreed that before they could claim territory they would have to set up an ______. Whoever was the ______to build the outpost gained that area of land.

Southern Africa

The Boers

In the mid-1600s, Dutch farmers known as ______settled in southern Africa in Cape Colony. The Boers built ______as a supply station.

In the 1700s, the Dutch herders and ivory hunters began to move ______. The ______then acquired Cape Colony in the early 1800s.

The Anglo-Boer War

In the late 1800s, the discovery of ______and ______in the northern Boer territory set off the Anglo-Boer war.

The war was from 1899-1902 and involved bitter ______fighting. The ______won, but at a great cost.

The Zulus

In the early 1800s in southern Africa, an African leader named ______conquered and united tribes to form the ______nation.

The Zulus were skilled and organized ______. Shaka used his power and fought against European ______traders and ivory hunters.

The Zulus also fought the ______as they migrated ______from Cape Colony.

The Anglo-Zulu War

The Zulus came into conflict with the ______as well. In 1879 the Zulus wiped out a British force at the battle of ______.

However, it was not long before the superior ______of the British overtook the Zulus at the battle of ______.

European Territory

In 1910, with southern Africa secure, the British established the Republic of South Africa and instituted ______.

Apartheid – government policy calling for separation of the races.

Britain’s claims in Africa were ______in size only to France, but included heavily populated areas with greater natural ______.

Britain controlled ______because of its strategic location.

France was very powerful in ______Africa, and later spread into West and Central Africa. The territory France controlled was as large as the United States.

The newly formed ______empire had to fight many battles against African natives to take lands in the southern half of Africa.

Germany would ______its colonial territories after its loss in World War I.

The Italians crossed the Mediterranean and conquered ______. They then took Somaliland in the horn of Africa, but were beaten badly by the ______.

King Leopold and other wealthy Belgians exploited the riches of the ______, and brutalized the natives. Many Africans were enslaved, beaten, and killed.

Although the leaders of the old imperialism, the African claims of the ______and ______were minimal.

Liberia and Ethiopia

Independent Africans

After the slave trade was outlawed, ______in the United States promoted the idea of returning freed slaves to Africa.

In the early 1800s, President Monroe helped free slaves settle in ______. The former slaves named the capital city ______in his honor.

The Ethiopians kept their freedom through a successful military resistance. Emperor Menelik II ______the army, along with roads, bridges, and schools.

When the Italians invaded they were ______so badly by Menelik that no other Europeans tried to take Ethiopia.

Effects of Imperialism

European Imperialism by 1914

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