Science Final Exam Study Guide
Mass vs Weight: Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Weight is measured by the amount of gravitational pull is on the object. Mass stays the same on any planet!
Chemical change:
-Production of light (FIRE)
-Production of gas
-Precipitation (changes state of matter/coke and milk)
-Change in color (oxidation)
-Reactive to oxygen (oxidation)
-Change in odor
Physical Change
-Melt
-Bend
-Heat Conduction
-Dissolve
-Freeze
-Durability
-Malleability (ability to make into thin sheets)
Elements, Compounds, Mixtures:
Balance equations! Conservation of Mass: same amount of atoms on both sides, same amount of mass!
How many atoms? 24 total atoms
How many elements? 3 different elements
This is a compound because different elements are chemically bound together. Both the chemical and physical properties change when compounds combine.
Elements can NOT be broken down into simpler substances
Potential and Kinetic Energy:
Potential: stored energy, when something builds up, greatest on top of the roller coaster
Kinetic: motion energy, greatest on the bottom of the roller coaster
Transfer of Heat:
Conduction:Transfer through solids
Convection: transfer through liquids and gas
Radiation: SUN, electromagnetic waves
Transformation of Energy:
The form of energy that is most released is heat energy
Toaster: electricity to heat/thermal
Candle: chemical to light/heat
Match: Chemical to light/heat
TV: electrical to sound/heat/light
Calculations:
Speed= Distance/time
Temperature: Increasing the temperature increases the rate of reaction. Increasing the temperature speed up and get further away from one another
Seasons:
The sun rises and sets because of Earth’s rotation
Summer= hemisphere is tilted towards the sun
Winter= hemisphere is tilted away from the sun
Rotation: around its axis- One rotation is one day
Revolution: around the sun
Cause of moon phases? The revolution of the moon around the Earth and the light from the sun
Newton’s Law:
1st law: An object in object stays in motion unless acted upon an unbalanced force. If no force is acted on an object it will continue to stay in motion! (Law of Inertia)
2nd law: Force=mass x acceleration- The greater the mass, the greater the force!
3rd law: For every action there is an equal, but opposite reaction
Net Force:
Balanced= 0N= NO movement
Unbalanced= Movement
Weather:
Thunderstorms and hurricanes form from air moving toward the center of the storm and rising into the atmosphere. Hurricanes, thunderstorms and tornadoes develop from warm, moist, unstable conditions.
Watch this link:
Temperature decreases as you go up in the troposphere, causing weather and condensation
Tornadoes forms over land, hurricanes form over water.
Cold currents keep coasts cool
Earth Science:
Sedimentary rock is compacted/cemented
Space:
Our solar system is in the Milky Way, which is a spiral galaxy