SCHEME OF WORK: BIOLOGY TERM 2, 2013
SMK RAJA PEREMPUAN,IPOH
Week / Content / Learning outcomes / Activity / Moral values1
2
2
3
4
4
4
5
6
7
8
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17-18
19
20-21
22-24 / 7. Gas Exchange
7.1 Gaseous exchange
in humans
7.2 Breathing cycle
7.3 Gaseous exchange in plants
8. Transport inAnimals
and Plants
8.1 Transport system in mammals
8.4 Plants: xylem and ascent of sap
8.5 Phloem and translocation
PERCUBAAN MUET(29/1)
USBF 1 ( 30/1 – 1/2)
9. Control and
Regulation
9.1 Nervous system
9.2 Hormones
MUET SPEAKING(18/2)
10. Reproduction,
Development and
Growth
10.1 Sexual reproduction in humans
10.2 Sexual reproduction in plants
10.3 Seed
Germination
10.3 Growth curves and patterns of growth
USBF 2 ( 5/3-7/3)
11. Homeostasis
11.1 Importance of homeostasis
11.2 Liver
11.3 Osmoregulation in mammals
11.4 Osmoregulation in plants
12. Immunity
12.1 Immunity
system
12.2Development of immunity
12.3 Concept of self and non-self
12.4 Immune disorder
13. Infectious diseases
13.1 Infectious disease
13.2 Dengue
13.3 Cholera
13.4Tuberculosis (TB)
13.4 Malaria
REVISION
PEP. PERCUBAAN PENGGAL 2
(7/5-10/5)
REVISION
PEP. STPM PENGGAL 2 / - to outline the structure of human respiratory system, including the microscopic structure of the wall of an aelveolus
- to describe the structure of haemoglobin
- to explain the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood
- to explain the oxygen dissociation curves of haemoglobin, myoglobin and foetal haemoglobin
to explain the Bohr effect and relate it to the oxygen dissociation curve
- to explain the control of breathing mechanism, including the role of chemoreceptor
- to define tidal volume, vital capacity ,total lung capacity, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume and residual volume.
- to explain structure and functions of stoma
- to describe the mechanism of opening and closing of stomata based on potassium ion accumulation hypothesis
- to describe the structure of a mammalian heart;
- to define systole and diastole, explain the sequence of events in a cardiac cycle including changes in pressure and volume in aorta, left atrium and left ventricle;
- to describe the initiation and regulation of heart beat;
- to explain hypertension, atheroscelerosis, arterioschlerosis, myocardial infarction and state their causes and preventions
-describe the lymphatic system in relation to the blood circulatory system
-determine the direction of fluid movement at the arterial and venous ends of the capillaries by calculating the differences between osmotic pressure/solute potential and hydrostatic pressure
- to explain the uptake of water and mineral ions from the soil by the root hairs involving water potential;
-describe apoplast, symplast and vacuolar pathway of water movement through the roots tissues;
-describe the root pressure, cohesion-tension theory and transpiration pull in relation to water movement from the roots to leaves;
-explain translocation using the mass flow, electro-osmosis, cytoplasmic streaming and peristaltic waves hypothesis;
-explain the concept of source and sink, and phloem loading and unloading in translocation according to pressure flow hypothesis
- to describe the organization of nervous system in mammals;
- to explain the formation of resting and action potentials;
- to describe the characteristics of nerve impulse;
- to describe the structure of synspse and explainthe role of neurotransmitters (acethylcholine and norepinephrine);
- to explain and compare the mechanisms of impulse transmission along the axon and across the synapse;
- to describe the structure of neuromuscular junction and sarcomere;
-explain the role of sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium ions, myofibril and T tubules in muscle contraction;
- to explain mechanism of muscle contraction according to sliding filament hypothesis;
- to compare sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems;
- to explain the mechanisms of drug action on nervous system and neuromuscular junction(cocaine and curare).
- to explain the mechanism of action of steroid hormone and non- steroid hormones;
- to explain the roles of plant hormones in growth and development;
- to explainthe mechanism of phytochrome action and their roles in photoperiodism
and flowering;
-outline the application of plant growth regulators(synthetic auxin, synthetic gibberellins, and synthetic ethylene) in agriculture.
- to outline spermatogenesis and oogenesis;
-to describe the passage and development of sperms from the testis to the oviduct for fertilization;
-describe the process of fertilization and implantation;
-describe the roles of hormones in menstrual cycle and pregnancy;
- describe briefly the stages in embryonic development;
-explain the roles of placenta, chorion, amniotic fluid and allantois in foetal development;
-explain the processes of parturition
-to outline double fertilization;
-to describe the embryonic development in seed and fruit formation
- to explain mobilization of nutrients after imbibition of seed germination;
- to state the external factors affecting germination
- to explain the types of growth curves, (absolute growth rate curve and relative growth rate curve);
- to explain with examples the patterns of growth (limited growth in humans, unlimited growth in perennial plants, allometric growth in humans, isometric growth in fish and intermittent growth in insect);
- to explain the processes of ecdysis and metamorphosis in insects, and relate the role of hormones(neurosecretory hormone,juvenile hormone and ecdysone) in these processes
- to explain the importance of homeostasis;
- to describe the homeostatic control system in mammals;
- to explain physiological and behaviouralcontrol in thermoregulation of endotherms
- to describe the structure of liver, and explain the roles of its components;
-to describe carbohydrate metabolism in the liver ( glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis )
-to describe protein metabolism (transamination, deamination and urea formation) in the liver
- to explain the process of ultrafiltration, reabsorption and secretion in the formation of urine;
- to explain role of ADH and aldosterone and related hormones in regulating water,sodium and potassium ions of urine;
- to explain the regulation of pH of tissue fluid
-to describe the role of stomata in regulation of water loss, and explain the importance of transpiration;
-to describe the various types of plant adaptations to prevent water loss(halophytes and xerophytes )
-to describe human lymphatic system and explain its function in relation to immunity;
-to describe antibody (structure and function)
antigen, epitope, and the development of B cells and T cells;
-to describe the roles of macrophages, B-cells and T-cells
- to explain cell- mediated and humoral immune responses;
-to outline the antigen-antibody reactions (precipitation, agglutination, neutralization, complement fixation).
- to explain the concept of self and non self and relate this to tissue rejection in organ transplant;
- to explain the mechanism of immune suppression(HIV infection).
-to describe autoimmune disorder(Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) ).
-to explain what is meant by an infection and an infectious disease;
-to outline the types of infectious agents
- to describe the causes and symptoms of dengue;
-to explain the transmission of dengue;
-to discuss the roles of social, economical and biological factors in the prevention of dengue
- to describe the causes and symptoms of cholera;
-to explain the transmission of cholera;
-to discuss the roles of social, economical and biological factors in the prevention of cholera.
- to describe the causes and symptoms of tuberculosis (TB);
-to explain the transmission of tuberculosis (TB);
-to discuss the roles of social, economical and biological factors in the prevention of
tuberculosis (TB);
- to describe the causes and symptoms of malara;
-to explain the transmission of malaria;
-to discuss the roles of social, economical and biological factors in the prevention of malaria / -processing
information
-question and answer
-topical exercises
-processing information by observing respiratory model
-question and answer
-topical exercises
- discussion
-to observe the model of a mammalian heart
-question and answer
-practical dissection of rat
-question and answer
-discussion
-question and answer
-question and answer
-to observe animation on formation of potentials
-question answer
- discussion
-question answer
-e-text
-graphic organizer
-discussion
-question answer
-discussion on formation of gametes
- observe and draw the displayed slides of embryo at different stages during development.
-observe animation
-question and answer
-question and answer
-contrast types of curves
-question and answer
-discussion
-question and answer
-discussion
-question and answe
-practical assessmentexamination of slides on kidney,liver and pancreas
-discussion
-question and answer
-discussion
-question and answer
-discussion
-question and answer
-discussion
-question and answer
-discussion
-question and answer
-discussion
-question and answer
-discussion
-question and answer
-discussion
-question and answer
-discussion
-question and answer
-discussion
-question and answer / Aware of the many different types of breathing organs in organisms
To value our heart and the vital function it performs to sustain life.
To appreciate exixtence of transport in plants
To value our nervous system and the vital function it performs to sustain life.
To value our muscle and the vital function it performs to sustain life.
Aware of the danger of drug abuse
Aware of the importance of hormones to organisms
Appreciate the importance of reproduction
Appreciate the importance of growth
AAppreciate the existence of homeostasis
To value our liver and the vital function it performs to sustain life.
To value our kidneys and the vital function it performs to sustain life.
Marvel at the wonder of the defence system in organisms
Be aware of the types of infectious diseases and take precaution.
PREPARED BY : SANTHI NAIR A/P BASKARAN NAIR
1