SBI4U: Chapter 1 Review 20 SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. Give the structural diagram of the following functional groups:
a) hydroxyl b) sulfhydryl c) carbonyl d) carboxyl e) amino f) phosphate group
Which macromolecules can you find each functional group in?
2. How does a hydrogen bond form?
a) How is hydrogen bonding important to water molecules – what properties does it give water?
b) How is hydrogen bonding important to proteins?
3. Draw an alpha glucose molecule. Show the dehydration synthesis reaction between 2 alpha glucose molecules. Name the products formed. Label the new linkage.
4. What does the word carbohydrate mean? Give examples.
5. Compare and contrast starch and cellulose in terms of cell type they are found in, use, and structures.
6. a) Compare and contrast triglycerides and phosholipids in terms of structure, properties and use.
b) What are the other two types of lipids?
7. Draw a triglyceride.
a) Show how hydrolysis would break down the triglyceride into its basic parts.
b) How many water molecules are needed to perform hydrolysis of a fat? At what bond do they act?
8. Show the dehydration synthesis reaction between 2 amino acids and name the products formed. Labelthe new bond.
9. a) What does it mean to amphiprotic?
b) What are the two groupings of amino acids?
10. Describe 4 interactions that result in tertiary structure of a polypeptide.
11. State the first two laws of thermodynamics. How does each relate to biology (and cellular respiration)?
12. a) Draw a potential energy diagram for an endergonic reaction. Include the labels: reactants, products,axis, transition state and activation energy, change in energy.
b) Using another color, or a dashed line, show how an enzyme would affect this curve.
13. What is the source of free energy for the cell? How does the cell obtain energy from this source?
14. What is the difference between reduction and reducing agent? Which element is typically reduced inbiological reactions? What element does it combine with to become reduced?
15. What do the lock and key method and the induced fit method refer to? Explain using words and adiagram, the more commonly accepted method.
16. How is the rate of reaction involving an enzyme affected by:
a) increased temperature
b) increased surface area (particle size)
c) increasing the amount of enzyme, but not changing the amount of substrate?
17. Enyzmes work at optimal temperatures and pH's. Explain this statement.
18. What is denaturation? What are some benefits and disadvantages of this process?
19. Explain what a noncompetitive inhibitor of an enzyme acts. How is this used in feedback inhibition?
20. Most enzymes are so specific they do not recognize isomers of their substrates.
a) what is an isomer?
b) Say for example, the enzyme maltase was able to recognize isomers and facilitated the hydrolysis ofboth maltose and sucrose. What would happen to the rate of breakdown of maltose in a beaker withmaltase if you added sucrose? What is the sucrose behaving as?
21. Be able to recognize and state the function of the following organelles as they appear in plant, animal or prokaryotic cells:
a) nucleusb) nucleolusc) ribosomed) endoplasmic reticulum
e) lysosomef) chloroplastg) flagellumh) Golgi Apparatus
i) cell wallj) vacuolek) cilial) mitochondria
m) cell membrane
22. Be able to explain the Fluid-Mosiac Model of the Cell Membrane. What two entities in the cell membrane keep it fluid?
23. Distinguish between passive and active transport. Explain 3 different types of passive transport.
24. Draw a diagram showing a hypertonic cell, an isotonic cell and a hypotonic cell in different beakers of solution. Explain what would happen over time to those cells if left in solution.