S1 –Lost Summary Notes

  • Important terms:
  • Solute – the dissolved substance in a solution
  • Solvent – the substance in which the solute is dissolved
  • Solution – the product made when a solute is dissolved in a solvent
  • Soluble – a substance is able to be dissolved
  • Insoluble – a substance will not dissolve
  • Fermentation is the process of converting sugar in to alcohol. The sugar is fermented with yeast (an enzyme) to help speed up the reaction. The equation for this is:
  • Distillation can be used to increase the percentage of alcohol by separating the ethanol from water.
  • Signs of a chemical reaction:

Temperature change / Colour change
Gas given off (effervescence) / A new substance is formed
  • In every chemical reaction a new substance is always formed.
  • We can speed up a chemical reaction by using a smaller particle size, increasing the temperature or increasing the concentration.
  • Fertilisers are chemicals which are essential for plant growth. They must contain nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) or potassium (K). These are known as essential elements. Examples of natural fertilisers are manure or compost.
  • All metals have a different reactivity. Metals can be listed in order of their reactivity (e.g. magnesium, zinc, iron, tin, copper).
  • Their reactivity will have an effect on what they are used for. For example a metal like lithium which is very reactive in water would not be a suitable metal to construct pipes.
  • A metal’s reactivity will also affect how we find them in nature and how they are extracted. We can dig up gold or silver but need to heat copper to extract it from its ore.
  • Renewable energy is useful because it can be made from natural sources.


S1 –Lost Practice Test

  1. Explain, using a labelled diagram, how you separate a solid from a liquid.(2 marks)
  1. Complete the definitions in the table:(2 marks)

Word / Definition
Solvent
Solute
Soluble
Insoluble
  1. State what happens in every chemical reaction. (1 mark)
  1. Fermentation is the process by which alcohol is made from sugar.
  1. Write a word equation for this reaction. (1 mark)

(Remember a gas is given off!)

  1. How can the percentage of alcohol be increased? (1 mark)
  1. State two ways that a chemical reaction can be made quicker.(2 marks)
  1. Using the information in the table put the metals in order of reactivity, starting with the most reactive.

Metal / Reaction with water
Gold / No reaction
Potassium / Loud pop and lots of fizzing
Magnesium / Fizzes gently

(3 marks)

  1. Name two of the three essential elements found in fertilisers. (1 mark)
  1. State an advantage and a disadvantage of renewable energy.(2 marks)