Part A -- Multiple Choice & Short Answer: Circle or give the one BEST answer.(10 points possible)
1. The major early turning point in the rise of the Persian empire was the:
a. victory of Darius at Salamis.b. victory of Cyrus over Lydia.
c. victory in the Persian Wars.d. defeat of the Sasanid empire.
2. In organizing their empire, Persian rulers relied heavily on techniques of administration from the:
a. Lydians.b. Egyptians.c. Romans.d. Mesopotamians.
3. In 525 B.C.E. the Persian emperor Cambyses captured ______.
4. The Medes and Persians were originally:
a. Indo-European tribes.
b. Semitic-speaking nomads related to the Hyksos.
c. later Mesopotamian petty kingdoms which took over from Assyria.
d. Dravidian tribes who had fled before the arrival of the Aryans in India.
5. Persia's city of ______was the capital before the building of Persepolis.
6. Accomplishments which increased the power of the Persian Empire include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. underground canals called qanat.
b. a system of roads to connect the Empire.
c. decentralized government where satraps ruled as governors.
d. military tactics based on the phalanx and cavalry of Alexander.
7. Which of the following statements was true of Persia's social structure?
a. Most of Persian society was made up of conquered people who became slaves.
b. Most of Persian society was made up of free individuals providing a variety of services.
c. Most of Persian society was made up warriors or their spouses because of its need for military power.
d. Most of Persian society was made up of elites who lorded over the vanquished through their mercenary armies.
8. The demise of Persian power came about as the armies of ______invaded Persia despite having a smaller numbers of soldiers.
9. Zarathustra talked about the battle between the “wise lord” Ahura Mazda and the evil spirit named:
a. Avesta.b. Angra Mainyu. c. Ashur.d. Ctesiphon.
10.The Gathas were
a. Persian underground canals in Persepolis.
b. the laws that made up the Persian legal code.
c. Persian administrative units developed under Darius.
d. Zarathustra’s compositions on morality.
Part B: Map (5 Points)
Label each of the following cities: Susa, Persepolis, Sardis
Shade each of the three empires (you will need to use different colors and patterns.
Draw the Royal Road
Part C: Interpretation & Analysis
Refer to each document on the given page and answer the corresponding questions.(10 points possible)
11.Examine Map 7.1, The Achaemenid and Seleucid empires, 558-330 B.C.E. and 323-83 B.C.E. Compare the size of the Achaemenidempire to the size of earlier states, as well as to that of the later Seleucids, Parthians, and Sasanids. What would be the difficulties of ruling a state this large? How cosmopolitan was the Achaemenidempire? Explain the significance of the Royal Road.
12.Look at Map 7.2 The Parthian and Sasanid empires, 247 B.C.E.-651 C.E. Compare these empires to the earlier Achaemenid state. How did the Achaemenids influence the Parthian and Sasanid empires? What were the main contributions of the Achaemenids to history?
13.Look at the carving of Darius on page 136. How does it reflect the hierarchy of government and the power of the Achaemenidempire under Darius? Is the location of the carving significant?
14.Examine Cyrus’s tomb at Pasargadae on page 134 and of the ruins of Persepolis on page 135. Discuss the significance of Alexander of Macedon paying homage to the tomb of Cyrus but also, either intentionally or not, burning down Persepolis.
15.Discuss the passage from Zarathustra (see Textbook: Sources from the Past: Zarathustra on Good and Evil). Examine the nature of Ahura Mazda and AngraMainyu. In Persian thought, what is the relationship between human beings and the gods? Does this critical role of human beings indicate that Zoroastrianism was really a dualistic belief?
Part A -- Multiple Choice & Short Answer: Circle or give the one BEST answer.(10 points possible)
1. The political structure of the ancient Greeks:
a. achieved unification under Pericles.
b. stabilized after conquest by Persia.
c. was a history of early, long-lasting centralized government.
d. usually consisted of independent, autonomous city-states.
2.The Greeks used the word polis to refer to ______.
3. Distinction among the ancient Spartans came from:
a. discipline and military talent.b. political infighting.
c. accumulated wealth.d. family lineage.
4.Athenian democracy was open to:
a. all Athenians.b. all property owners.c. all male citizens. d. all males.
5. The word ______was used by the Greeks to refer to generals or politicians who, although often popular, gained power by irregular means.
6. Athenian democracy and civilization reached its ascendency during the time of:
a. Solonb. Periclesc. Demosthenesd. Alexander
7. Which of the following was a cause of the Peloponnesian War?
a. Pericles use of the Athenian navy against Sparta's colonies triggered the conflict.
b. The decision of Sparta to support Persia in its bid to conquer the Greeks led to the conflict.
c. Control of the Delian League led to Athenian dominion over the other city-states which triggered war.
d. The assassination of Pericles by Spartan spies led to the military conquest of the other city-states by Athens.
8. Which of the following statements is true about women in most of the Greek world?
a. Their roles varied dramatically among the various poleis.
b. Freedom and opportunity for women reached its peak in Athens.
c. Their roles were starkly limited in a strictly patriarchal society.
d. Women were provided dramatically more freedom than in any other society of the ancient age.
9. The Persians were defeated by a coalition of Greeks led by Athens at the Battle of ______in 490 bce; ten years later, Persia was again decisively defeated at the great navel battle of ______which ended the Persian menace.
10. The Persian were ultimately destroyed and their capital of ______was burned by the invasion of ______of Macedon.
Part B: Interpretation & Analysis
Refer to each document on the given page and answer the corresponding questions. (10 points possible)
11.Examine the most important city-states shown in Map 10.1, Classical Greece, 800-350 B.C.E. How did geography influence the political structure of ancient Greece? Why didn’t the Greeks ever truly unify?
12.Examine the ships in the illustration on page 195. Why would Greeks decorate their pottery with pictures of ships? Did ships represent a part of the Greek spirit? What role did sailing play in the Greek world?
13. Follow the path of Alexander’s conquests using Map 10.3, Alexander’s empire, ca. 323 B.C.E. How did his conquests create new cultures in the Hellenistic world? How is this map different from the map of the Antigonid, Ptolemaic, and Seleucid empires? (Map 10.4).
14.Discuss the cultural and architectural splendor of Athens as represented in the picture on page 197. Remember that some of these buildings were built with money from the Delian League. What might this fact say about Athenian arrogance?
15.Read the section in the text drawn from Arrian’s description of Alexander the Great (see Textbook: Sources from the Past: Arrian on the Character of Alexander of Macedon). According to Arrian, what were Alexander’s greatest attributes? How does this view relate to the historical Alexander?
Part C -- MAP: For the remaining 5 points: Label Sparta, Athens, Olympia, Salamis, and Marathon. Indicate Macedon on the map as well. BE NEAT!