NAME______DATE______PERIOD______
Rosalind Franklin- Secret of Photo 51
1. In 1962, a Nobel Prize is awarded to ______, ______and Maurice Wilkins for their groundbreaking work on DNA.
2. In Watson’s book The Double Helix, he portrays ______as the character called Rosy that is said to be bad tempered and a data hoarder.
3. Rosalind Franklin died at the age of ______.
4. Rosalind Franklin was born in ______in ______, into a family that achieved wealth through banking and publishing.
5. Rosalind wins a scholarship to study physics and chemistry at ______.
6. The technique of ______can reveal the hidden atomic structure of matter in its crystalline form.
7. Franklin joined the war effort doing research on ______.
8. Her experiments led to a better ______, a valuable contribution to England under attack.
9. Her research was not without its risks so lab workers were periodically checked for overexposure to ______.
10. When trying to decide if she should stay in France or return home to England, Rosalind asked the advice of ______, a renowned crystallographer and one of only ten women to win a Nobel Prize.
11. Upon her return to England, Franklin is offered a position at ______in London, a highly prestigious research center.
12. Avery's experiments with bacteria showed that genetic characteristics of one organism could be transferred to another, and that ______was the vehicle of that transformation.
13. At the time, DNA was thought to consist of ______and ______in long chains of some unknown shape, and it also appeared to have just four other chemical ingredients, called ______.
14. While Rosalind was setting up her new lab at King's College London, ______—much younger, 23 but with a Ph.D.—had come to Europe because he wanted to study the gene, and he was convinced that the ______was the thing to study.
15. Watson doesn’t find a job at King’s College but is invited to the ______, a famous research lab at Cambridge University, headed by Nobel Laureate, Sir Lawrence Bragg.
16. There Watson is assigned an office with another physicist turned crystallographer named ______.
17. Franklin discovered that there were ______forms of DNA.
18. The X shape in the middle of the B form of DNA is the diffraction signature of a ______.
19. Crick and Watson used a different approach to solving the structure of DNA: ______.
20. Another scientist, ______had pioneered the same model-building technique adopted by Watson and Crick, and with little experimental data come up with the structure for long stretches of proteins, a single-stranded helix.
21. The race to solve the structure of DNA is now on between the duo of ______& ______and ______.
22. The number of lines in photo 51 shows that each twist of the helix has ______units, or molecular building blocks.
23. From Franklin’s Medical Research Council report, Crick is able to deduce from her symmetry pattern that there were ____ chains running in ______directions.
24. William ______theorized that the four bases—adenine, ______, guanine, and cytosine—would be stacked like pennies.
25. At Columbia University, Erwin Chargaff discovered that DNA always contains equal amounts of adenine and thymine, as well as equal amounts of ______and ______.
26. Watson discovers that he can fit the bases into the helix measured by Franklin if he pairs A with ____ and G with _____. Arranged this way, the bases form the connecting rungs in a twisting ladder on the inside of a double helix.
27. In 1956, Rosalind Franklin celebrated her 36th birthday by climbing Mt. Whitney, one of the highest peaks in North America. But near the end of her trip, Franklin was suffering from severe ______.
28. On her return to England she was diagnosed with ______. There is speculation that her work with X-rays may have triggered the disease.
29. Franklin died on ______, 1958 never knowing how much of Watson & Crick’s discovery was based on her work.
30. In ______, James Watson, Francis Crick and ______won the Nobel Prize for their discovery of the structure of DNA. Franklin's name receives no mention, save a passing reference by Wilkins. Her crucial contribution to their work becomes a footnote in scientific history.
“For Rosalind Franklin, the joy of science was in the work itself and its ultimate reward, the betterment of humankind.”