Homework

Name:______Block:______

Rocks and Minerals Study Guide

Minerals

  1. What are the five characteristics a material must possess in order to be considered a mineral?
  1. What is a crystal and what determines the crystal shape?
  1. Can many different minerals form out of one magma mass?
  1. Describe each of the characteristics observed/tested when identifying minerals. (How do you observe that characteristic, how useful is it, and the definition)
  2. Color:
  1. Streak:
  1. Hardness:
  1. Luster:
  1. Cleavage/Fracture:
  1. Special Properties: (examples)
  1. Name three minerals, their mineral group and their use in society.

Rocks Cycle

  1. What is the difference between rocks and minerals?
  1. Sketch below a diagram of the rock cycle. Include the rock types and the processes that form each rock.
  1. The rock cycle classifies rocks based on (their origin, color, grain size, mineral content). Circle the appropriate word(s).
  1. What are the differences and similarities between magma and lava?
  1. What is cementation?

Igneous Rocks

  1. List and describe the different types of magma.
  1. How does igneous rock form?
  1. How does the rate of cooling of molten rock affect the size of the crystals?
  1. Magma that cools below ground is an ______igneous rock, while lava that cools above ground is called an ______igneous rock.
  1. Define the following words (all are features of igneous rock):
  2. Pluton
  1. Batholith
  1. Sill
  1. Dike
  1. List three examples of an igneous rock.

Sedimentary Rocks

  1. How are sedimentary rocks formed?
  1. Why can only sedimentary rocks have fossils?
  1. Describe in a step-by-step process the formation of clastic sedimentary rock.
  1. How does a sedimentary rock form chemically?
  1. What is an organic sedimentary rock?
  1. Shale is composed of what type of sediment? Conglomerate? Sandstone?
  1. Which type of sedimentary rock (shale, sandstone, or conglomerate) will form in the calmest water? Which type can form in the water with the most energy? Explain.
  1. List the features that can be observed in sedimentary rocks.

Metamorphic Rock

  1. What is a parent rock?
  1. Describe the process of regional metamorphism. Use the words parent rock, pressure, foliation, and heat.
  1. How does contact metamorphism differ from regional metamorphism?
  1. If limestone is put under heat and pressure, what metamorphic rock will it create?
  1. What orientation do the minerals have in some metamorphic rocks? What is this characteristic of metamorphic rock called?