Rise of Dictators
Rise of DictatorsWorld History
Fascism Communism
Mussolini
-Situation in Italy after WWI
1.
2.
3.
4.
***Out of unrest and fearBenito Mussolini (1883-1945)
Mussolini Video Notes:
Stalin’s Reign of Terror
“Death solves all problems…no man…no problems!”
Stalin’s Policies
1. 5 year Plan (1928)
-Goal is to modernize Russia through central planning
-Collectivization (combing of smaller farms) mandatory=Famine
-Industrial Growth does result
2. 2nd 5 year Plan (1933)
-Production increases in heavy industry
-Even less consumer goods available
3. Secret Police
4. Disestablish the church-taught atheism
5. Great Purge
-dictatorship achieved
-sent to Gulag
“A district Party conference was under way in Moscow province. It was presided over by a new secretary of the District Party Committee, replacing one recently arrested. At the conclusion of the conference, a tribute to Comrade Stalin was called for…”
The hall was filled with “stormy applause”, which soon swelled to a boisterous ovation. This continued for three minutes; four, by which time people began to tire as their palms sored, and arms ached. The scene became comical, but, after all, who would be the first to stop? The new secretary, who had the power of the mob in this matter, had just replaced his freshly-arrested predecessor. With the eyes always watching and feeling for signs of fading ovation (as well as applauding themselves), the thundering racket continued. Six minutes passed; seven; eight; nine; ten! Soon, people began to resign themselves to their imminent deaths via heart attack, exhaustion, or strokes. Until, after eleven minutes of this absurd display, the director of the paper factory—the venue wherein the conference was being held—“assumed a business-like expression and sat down in his seat.”A miracle had taken place. The uninhibited, frenzied enthusiasm vanished into nothingness as the crowd stopped dead and sat down. Naturally, that same night, the director who had dared to show independence of mind was arrested on some ludicrous charge and given ten years. And after signing away his fate, his interrogator reminded him, “Don’t ever be the first to stop applauding!”
Russian Deaths:
1914-1918WWI4-5,000,000
1918-1921Civil War15,000,000
1932-1933Man Made Famine6,000,000
1929-1932Collectivization10,000,000
Purges 8,000,000
1941-1945WWII22,000,000
Stalin Video NotesName: ______
Collectivization
-Kulaks
-Famine
Industrial Projects
-Gulag
Propaganda
Great Purge
-Leon Trotsky
….Millions disappeared from sight……..
Stalin’s Wife
Nazi’s vs Communists
Review Questions from 28.3 and 28.4
Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences using your notes and textbook.
1. How did Benito Mussolini rule Italy?
2. Describe the type of government fascists envision?
3. Why did Italy invade Ethiopia?
4. What led to the starvation of Ukrainian peasants in 1932?
5. How did the farm ownership actions of Lenin and Stalin differ?
6. How did Stalin use fear and violence to rule the Soviet Union?
7. Why was Stalin determined to influence the attitudes and behavior of the Russian people?