Latin America

*Speak Spanish

*Roman Catholic

*Revolt because they saw the success of the American and French Revolutions

1. Spain was in charge of Latin America

2. France was in charge of Spain

3. Creoles and Mestizos saw that Spain would be weak and this was a good time to revolt

Leaders of independence Movements:

a.k.a “Nationalist leaders”-drove Spanish out of their countries.

Toussaint le Overture= Haiti +

Jose de San Martin= S. South America +

Simon Bolivar= Columbia –

Newly independent countries had difficulties:

  • Isolation due to geography
  • Conflicts between social groups
  • Caudillos (dictators)

Caudillos kept in power by

Catholic church

Military

Wealthy

Mexican Revolution- Porfirio Diaz had increased the power of the rich and left the Mestizos with little power so PanchoVilla and others fight a civil war.

The Mexican Constitiution is signed in 1917 and the Mestizos finally have power.

Nationalism spreads throughout Europe:

Italy

Germany

Agrarian Revolution- new inventions in agriculture (farming) meant less people needed to work on farms, more food was being produced and more people needed to seek jobs in the factories.

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

  • Started in Western Europe (Great Britain)
  • New inventions allowed for increases in food supply
  • Steam engine and improvements in steel production
  • Infrastructure improvements (telegraph and railroads)

Effects of Industrial revolution

  • Urbanization-people move to cities
  • Dirty, diseased, crowded cities
  • Poverty, crime
  • Terrible working conditions

Reactions to the Industrial Revolution

  • Reform Movements
  • Labor unions
  • Child labor laws
  • Injury/sick pay
  • Improved city life (fire police sanitation).
  • New ideas emerge

Utopia- perfect society- people thought they could build them, but failed

Laissez- Faire (Capitalism)- government doesn’t interfere with economy. Idea of Adam Smith.

Socialism- wanted government control of factories and businesses and everyone would share the profits. No more rich and no more poor. Sounds good on paper but has failed in every case.

Marxism/Communism- Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

  • Reaction to the bad stuff that happened in the Industrial Revolution
  • Class Struggle- the poor (Proletariat would revolt against the rich Bourgeosie and share all the wealth)

Thomas Malthus-

Believed that famines would result from industrialization and that human population needed wars and disease to keep it in “check”.