Review the notes on Freud

Using Freud, Adler, Jung’s theories on the unconscious/subconscious theories of behavior evaluate the following passages from Quentin’s section: First number yellow book.

  1. 106-108

92-95

  1. 116-119

102-104

  1. 123-126

107-110

What is the cause of the neurosis/psychosis? How or what is he repressing? Could you go further and diagnos Quentin with any of the illnesses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)?

  • The novel's title is taken from a monologue spoken by Shakespeare's Macbeth, who has attained the throne of Scotland through murder and has held it through the most brutal violence and tyranny; at this point in the play he has just heard that his wife has killed herself. Sated with his own corruption and looking forward to his imminent defeat and death, he says: "Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow/ Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,/ To the last syllable of recorded time/ And 0all our yesterdays have lighted fools/ The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle!/ Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player/ That struts and frets his hour upon the stage/ And then is heard no more. It is a tale/ Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,/ Signifying nothing."
  • Macbeth
  • The novel details the moral decay of a once-prosperous aristocratic family, the Compsons. They have been a prominent family in Mississippi since before the Civil War, with a lineage that includes a military general and a former governor of Mississippi.
  • Freud
  • Dominant difficulty in neurosis was inadequate sexual development
  • Self analysis/dream analysis dreams both waking and sleeping reveal our true wishes and needs
  • Resistance as a from of protection against pain
  • Repression eliminates pain from conscious awareness-however repressed information must be dealt with –begins as neurosis untreated can turn into psychosis
  • Repressed material uncovered through free association. Dream analysis
  • Personality system based on life energies or forces
  • Life force-instinct-sexual drive
  • Death instinct
  • Id-unconscious, sexual, aggressive, no value judgment, immediate satisfaction-narcissistic-Faulkner said of Benjy, "To that idiot, time was not a continuation, it was an instant, there was no yesterday and no tomorrow, it all is this moment, it all is [now] to him. He cannot distinguish between what was last year and what will be tomorrow, he doesn't know whether he dreamed it, or saw it."
  • Libido-sex drive
  • Ego-Reason, rationality, mediation between id and superego pleasure principal under control-Quentin obsessed with honor, family, making people happy-trying to escape time
  • Superego-comes from parents-Conscience developed early in childhood-worked toward inhibiting the id completely-Jason named after dad , mother’s favorite-tattletale
  • Lack of love destroys the id
  • Compson children composite of one child-fixed roles unloved in a dysfunctional family
  • Abandoned by parents-each child is destroyed-Mother shirks duties-father is nihilistic
  • Anxiety-ego becomes over burdened-in extreme cases psychosis results-the ego allows either the id or the superego to dominate and there is a flight from reality
  • in psychiatry, a broad category of mental disorder encompassing the most serious emotional disturbances, often rendering the individual incapable of staying in contact with reality. Until recently, the term was used in contrast with neurosis, which denoted the “mild” mental disorders which did not interfere significantly with the ability to function normally, or severely impair the individual's conception of reality. In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association made sweeping changes in its classificatory system for psychological disorders, and the opposition between neurosis and psychosis became obsolete. The former classification included functional psychoses including schizophrenia, paranoia, manic-depressive disorder, and involutional psychotic reactions, where no brain change was detectable with available tools. Today, there are separate categories for schizophrenic disorders, mood disorders (which include manic-depressive disorder and major depression), and other serious mental disturbances such as delusional disorder. Symptoms of these disorders may include hallucinations and delusions; severe deviations of mood (depression and mania); lack of, or inappropriateness of, emotional response; and severe impairment of judgment. Another type of psychosis involves brief episodes, characterized by an acute onset lasting no longer than a month, usually resulting from situational circumstances such as an earthquake or flood. Nonspecified psychotic disorders include psychotic symptoms, e.g., delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized behavior, that cannot be classified in any other disorder. Drug therapy and electroconvulsive therapy have been successful in the treatment of many patients with serious psychological disorders. Organic psychoses, so called because of the structural deterioration of the brain, include senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Occurring in middle to old age, these disorders involve progressive, nonreversible brain damage. Organic brain damage may also result from toxic reactions to such substances as alcohol, PCP, amphetamines, and crack cocaine. In criminal law, the term insanity can be applied to most forms of psychoses, although defenses based on insanity have been relatively rare.
  • Criticism: too much emphasis on sex, unsystematic data, subjects all repressed Austrian women in the early 1900’s, too deterministic
  • Accepted today: unconscious motivation, importance of childhood, operation of defense mechanisms

Bibliography
Character list
> Genealogies
> Chronology
> The title of the novel
> Glossary
/ GLOSSARY
Adulant. Excessively worshipful (Faulkner's own back-formation from adulation and adulate).
Agnes-Mabel-Becky. A popular brand of condoms in the 1920s. The round tin package was the size and color of a silver dollar. Faulkner doubtless chose the brand because the package resembles the coin Luster is trying to find.
Ahun. Dialect for iron, from Versh's remark about Benjy's hands getting cold on the iron gate to the Comp-son yard as he waits for Caddy.
Aihy. Dialect for "ere a", itself a dialect term for "any".
Annealment. A Faulknerian neologism, from the verb anneal (to heat and then cool a substance such as steel or glass to make it less brittle). Dil-sey, deeply moved by the Easter ser-vice in the fourth section of the novel, is "crying quietly in the annealment and blood of the remembered Lamb", a context that suggests the tempering as well as the healing of her spirit.
Anticked. A verb meaning "capered," made as a back-formation from the noun antic.
April Eighth, 1928. Heading: Easter Sunday
Armenians. Jason's conversation with the "drummer"-slang of the day for a traveling salesman-satirizes small-town prejudices against Jews.
Asbestos. An incombustible material used in fireproofing. Since the context of Quentin's mention of the term seems to be theatrical, he may be thinking of the fire curtain in theaters of the day, but "Asbestos" was also a brand name found on stove--heated flatirons like the ones he buys to put into his pockets so he can drown himself.
Babe Ruth. The famous baseball star of the 1927 and 1928 Yankees. Thanks to him, the 1928 Yankees had a remarkable season, beating the Cardinals in four games. In the Series'final game, Babe Ruth hit three home runs and made a spectacular catch for the final out.
I wouldn't bet on any team that fellow Ruth played on (252:9) Jason's resentment can be explained by the late twenties' rumor that Ruth was part Negro.
Band. Mourning band.
Beale St. A downtown street of Memphis, Tennessee, known as a commercial and entertainment center for African Americans and one of the homes of the blues. Famous for night clubs and brothels.
Bedlam. "Bedlam" (corruption of the pronunciation of "Bethlehem") was a popular nickname for the hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem, which had been an insane asylum before becoming a hospital. The word means an insane asylum or a scene of disorder.
Benjamin the child of mine old age held hostage into Egypt (170:20)
Genesis 42-44. Jacob's sons attempt to buy grain from their brother Joseph in Egypt: Jacob did not want to place his youngest son at risk by letting him travel to Egypt.
Biggity. Uppity, showing off rudely.
Biscuit. "Biscuit" in Southern usage "Biscuit" is a collective plural for "biscuits".
Bluegum. Versh repeats a folk legend about Africans with blue rather than pink gums who were considered to have fatal powers.They have many strange properties, such as a fatal bite and are powerful conjurors.
Boat race (84:24)
The annual rowing regatta between Harvard and Yale.
Boll-Weevil. Insect that attacked the cotton plant, a devastating force in Southern agriculture that migrated from Mexico and moved across the South through the 1920s, causing panic, migration of workers, and economic depression.
Breddren. Dialect for brothers.
Wus a rich man: whar he now, O breddren? Wus a po man: whar he now, O sssistuhn (295: 22)
Shegog invokes the parable of Dives and Lazarus (Luke 16: 19-31). In his life the poor man Dives begs for crumbs from Lazarus's table; in the afterlife, Lazarus, in hell, begs Dives, in Heaven, to dip his finger in the water and drop one drop on his tongue.
Bridge. ( 89:27) Probably the Longfellow bridge, across the Charles River (Samway, 133)
Brooks. A cast-off Brooks suit (97:29)
A suit from Brooks Brothers, a famous men's haberdashery.
Bruck. Broke.
Brung. Brought.
Bubber. A condescending form of "brother".
Cahy. Carry
Christmas gift. A customary game in the South between blacks and whites, where the one who can say "Christmas gift" first gets a gift; Usually no gift was exchanged except that white adults would give black children money when "caught". The custom, like Quentin's stated views about black people, expresses an affectionate albeit racist paternalism left over from slavery. (Polk, 58)
Chub. A freshwater fish related to carp; a step down from the attempts of the boys in Quentin's section to catch a legendary trout.
Chunkin. Throwing.
Claymore. ("Appendix": Charles Stuart)
A two-handed sword with a double-edged blade, used by Scottish Highlanders in the 16th century.
Clove stems. Breath fresheners.
Cultivators.
"Any of several types of mule- or tractor-drawn implements used for cultivating plants after they have come up and reached a fair size". (Brown, 65)
Darkies. (102:17)
And leave Jason here with nobody but you and the darkies;
"Darkies" is a Southern term for blacks, which Calvin Brown describes as "indulgent and affectionate" rather than contemptuous.Here it is condescending and appropriate to Mrs Compson's "Old South" class and race consciousness.
Decoration Day. Begun as a day to decorate graves of Civil War soldiers, became Memorial Day, May 30, 1868.
Defunctive. Having ceased to exist. In Faulkner's work, it echoes T. S. Eliot's phrase "defunctive music," in which the word implies "fading" or "dying" sound or music. A word common in Faulkner which means "funereal".
Dogfennel. " Mayweed, an acrid, rank-smelling weed (Anthemis cotula) bearing a daisylike flower" (Brown, 72)
Dope. A colloquial term, especially in the South for Coca-Cola. With the number of "shots", of "dope" Jason imbibes during his day, Faulkner is clearly drawing on the common belief that Coca-Cola contained cocaine and was an addictive stimulant.
Dramat. The drama club at Harvard.
Ef you be Jesus, lif up yo tree en walk (296: 24)
Shegog confuses two passages from the gospels: the crowd at the crucifixion mocks Jesus and urges Him to "save yourself. If you are the Son of God, come down from the cross" (Matthew 27: 40-43). Earlier Jesus extols a "paralytic" to "Rise, take up your bed and go home" (Matthew 9:5).
Egvice. A malapropism for "advice."
Ellum. Elm tree. Quentin's attention to pronunciation may reflect his consciousness of difference between Southern speech and speech in the North.
Euboeleus. Eubuleus. In Greek myth, the swineherd who tells the goddess Demeter what has happened to her daughter Persephone, since he not only saw Hades abduct her but also lost some pigs into the crevice through which Hades took the girl to the underworld.
Excruciating-ly. The unnecessary hyphen, which is in both Faulkner's holograph manuscript and his carbon typescript, is one of several suggestions that Mr. Compson's drinking affects the clarity of his speech (he also says "reducto absurdum" for "reductio ad absurdum"), though Quentin, to whom he is speaking, never directly refers to his father's drinking.
Father's
The least he could do at Father's or maybe (197:20)
The 1929 first edition supplies "funeral" after "Father's", but here and elsewhere it seems fairly clear that Jason has trouble putting the words "Father's funeral" together.
Fice. Regional dialect for feist, a small, wiry dog of mixed ancestry prized for hunting. (cf Go Down, Moses)
Flac-soled. In both manuscript and typescript, apparently a Faulkner coinage, or error, meant to refer to the lighter-colored skin in Dilsey's palms.
Flags. (131:24) Flagstones.
Flat-lron. Flatiron; hand-held instrument made of cast iron with a polished, smooth bottom for pressing cloth; before the electric iron was invented, these were heated on the top of a wood stove, for example, often in pairs so that one would heat while one was cooling in use, and either could be picked up with a handle that fit both. It seems likely that the small flatirons Quentin buys to weight his body in the river are such pieces, without the handle. Irons of this size, with the "Asbestos" trademark, also bear the designation "Sad Iron," an apparent reference to their potential use for "Sad clothes"-heavy, dark Sunday clothing.
Flood (114:13)
That flood was way up in Pennsylvania. Probably the Johnstown, Pennsylvania flood of May 31, 1889.
G.A.R. uniform. Uniform of the Grand Army of the Republic, the Northern Army in the Civil War.
Garibaldi. Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882), Italian nationalist patriot, the hero of Italian freedom. Having seen Deacon in a Decoration Day (now Memorial Day) parade, Quentin notes that he marches in almost any parade. The reference to Garibaldi probably indicates a parade on Columbus Day because Italian Americans commonly celebrated their heritage in this parade.
Gayoso.Gayoso Street in Memphis, known in Faulkner's time as akin to Beale Street, but more specifically an area notorious for its brothels.
Gizzle. Child's cant for "gizzard," meaning, as a child's threat, "I'll kill him."
Go-cart. Hand-cart, pushcart.
"Graveyard."Benjy's "graveyard" is the glass containing the two jimson weed flowers.
Gwine. Going to
Half-baked Galahad. Sir Galahad of Arthur's Round Table, son of Lancelot and Elaine, was the purest of the Arthurian knights, the one who succeeded in the quest for the Holy Grail and thus a chivalric hero. A half-baked Galahad is an overly pure "would-be" rescuer of damsels in distress. In the Christian context of the novel, the presence of a reference to the Grail knight has obvious relevance.
Hickeynuts.Hickory nuts.
Hogwallow. The muck of a hog pen, wet and usually filthy mud where hogs and pigs cooled themselves by rolling or wallowing. Since pigs have associations with both the myth of Persephone and the miracles of Jesus, the choice of livestock is appropriate, and the filth, in which Caddy and Quentin fight about a sexual master, attaches itself to Quentin's perceptions of sex.
Hophead. Drug addict.
Ise. A contraction of "I is" which means "I am".
Jack- A generic reference, slightly comtemptuous meaning"fellow" or "man," that the carnival man uses to address Benjy.
Jaybird. Jaybirds, or blue jays, were associated in legend with the devil.
A pair of jaybirds came up from nowhere (266:15) . The phrase hints at the birds as visitors or spies from hell (Brown 110-111)
Jellybean.
Slick-headed jellybeans (184:24)
Slang of the 1920s for a slick-haired, self-consciously fashionable adolescent, a "drugstore cowboy", (Brown, 111)
Jimson weed. "Jamestown weed, common thorn-apple (Datura strambonium), a large, rank-smelling, poisonous weed, common around barns" (Brown 111).
Julep. Mint julep, made of bourbon whiskey, fresh mint, crushed ice, and sugar. Famous as a Southern drink.
Knobnot. A childish insult,
something like "blockhead."
Kike
Land of the kike home of the wop (125:25)
Quentin expresses social prejudices with many disparaging terms such as "kike" for a jew and "wop" for an Italian, though it is never easy to be certain how ironic or facetious Quentin is being. Yet he never showsJason's virulence.
Kyo. Dialect for "cure."
Leda.
Leda lurking in the bushes, whimpering and moaning for the swan (167:3)
In the Greek myth Leda, a mortal woman, was raped by Zeus, who came to her in the shape of a swan; Helen of Troy came from this union. (See W. B. Yeats 's famous sonnet "Leda and the Swan")
Little Sister Death
And the good Saint Francis that said Little Sister Death, that never had a sister